βιω

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: v.
Meaning: live (Il.).
Other forms: ἐβίων, βιῶναι; βείομαι (βέομαι) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. ἔδομαι); βιώσομαι, ἐβίωσα (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), βεβίωκα. βιόμεσθα (h. Ap. 528 for *βειομεθα? DELG); pres. βιόω (Arist.).
Derivatives: βίος (way of, means of) life. βιοτή f. id. (Od.), βίοτος m. id. (Il.); also Cret. βίετος (below). - βιωτός worth living (Att.). βιώσιμος to be lived (Hdt.) - With δ from *gu, Heracl. ἐνδεδιωκότα, if = ἐμβεβιωκότα, cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN Βιο-; Βίτων < Βιο-.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [467] *gʷeih₃ - live
Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade *gʷiH- is seen in Av. ǰī-ti-, OCS ži-tь, also in Lat. vīta, Osc. bíitam (acc.); with suffix -uo- it is seen in Skt. jīvá-, OCS živъ Lat. vīvus, etc. alive and in Lat.vīvō, Skt. jī́vati, OCS živǫ. (The forms with short i, Goth. qiwa-, Welsh byw, may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long i, as all its forms have a vowel after the root: *gʷiH-o- > βίος, *gʷih₃-eto- > βίοτος (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. βίετος will have -ετος restored; cf. for the formation θάνατος); ὑγιής < *h₁su-gʷih₃-es (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist ἐβίων has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix -e- (as in ἐμάνην): *gʷih₃-eh₁-. - The full grade I *gʷeih₃- must be assumed for βέ(ί)ομαι (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452 ); it is also seen in Skt. gáya-, Av. gaya- life (*gʷe/oih₃-o-); also ORuss. gojь peace. - The full grade II *gʷieH- is seen in Av. ǰyā-tu- life (Skt. *jyā-tu- reshaped, after jívati, in jīvā́tu-); from this root form prob. Gr. ζωϜός (not from the zero grade of the root). This root form seems also found in Gr. ζώ-ω, ζῆ-ν, s. s. ζώω (so Schwebeablaut cannot be avoided (pace Anttila, PIE Schwebeablaut 1969, 137). Difficult are Arm. kea-m I live (see LIV) and Toch. B śaw-.