στοιχεῖον: Difference between revisions
Θεὸς συνεργὸς πάντα ποιεῖ ῥᾳδίως → Rem facile quamvis peragit adiutor deus → Wirkt Gott als unser Partner, macht er alles leicht
(11) |
(13_7_2) |
||
Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
|Beta Code=stoixei=on | |Beta Code=stoixei=on | ||
|Definition=τό: <span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> in a form of sun-dial, <b class="b2">the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day</b>, <b class="b3">ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ</b>. when the <b class="b2">shadow</b> is ten feet long, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>652</span>, v. Sch.; ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν . . τὸ σ. ᾖ <span class="bibl">Eub.119.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philem.83</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">element</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> a <b class="b2">simple sound</b> of speech, as the <b class="b2">first component</b> of the syllable, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>424d</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ῥῶ τὸ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">426d</span>; γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>202e</span>; σ. ἐστι φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b22</span>; φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a23</span>, cf.Gal.15.6:—<b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> therefore, strictly, were different from <b class="b2">letters</b> (γράμματα), <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213</span>, Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.32</span>, al., but are freq. not clearly distd. from them, as by Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>426d</span>; τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.21</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ε</b> <b class="b2">letter</b> ε (in a filing-system), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>959.2</span> (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἀκουόμενα σ</b>. <b class="b2">letters</b> which are pronounced, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>165.17</span>; <b class="b3">γράμματα</b> and ς. are expressly identified by <span class="bibl">D.T.630.32</span>; the ς. and its name are confused by <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Synt.</span>29.1</span>, but distd. by Hdn.Gr. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.340</span>, Sch.D.T. l.c.:—κατὰ στοιχεῖον <b class="b2">in the order of the letters, alphabetically</b>, AP11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in Physics, <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> were the <b class="b2">components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements</b>, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them <b class="b3">ῥιζὤματα</b>, the word <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>7.13</span>) by Pl., <b class="b3">τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ ς, e)c w(=n h(mei=s te sugkei/meqa kai\ ta)/lla</b> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>201e</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν πάντων σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>278d</span>; αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>48b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>314a29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>3</span>, al., <span class="bibl">D.L.3.24</span>; σ. σωματικά <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>338a22</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>46</span>; <b class="b3">ἄτομα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.36U.</span>; equivalent to <b class="b3">ἀρχαί</b>, Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.1</span>, Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>188b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1059b23</span>, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from <b class="b3">ἀρχή</b> as less comprehensive, ib.1070b23; <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας</b> ib.1088b27; <b class="b3">τρία τὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189b16</span>; distd. from <b class="b3">ἀρχή</b> on other grounds by <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.; Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">H.</span>5.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνηλεὲς σ</b>., of the sea, <span class="bibl">Babr.71.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>., of the sea, <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμφω τὰ σ</b>., i.e. land and sea, ib.<span class="bibl">11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Ecl.</span>2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> the <b class="b2">elements of proof</b>, e.g. in general reasoning the <b class="b3">πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b1</span>; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib.<span class="bibl">998a26</span>, <span class="bibl">1014a36</span>; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Euc.</span>pp.66,67</span>,<span class="bibl">68F.</span>: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b3</span>; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.<span class="bibl">6</span>; the line and the circle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>158b35</span>; the <b class="b3">τόπος</b> (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib.<span class="bibl">120b13</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1358a35</span>, al.; στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b10</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς</b> coin is the <b class="b2">unit . .</b>of exchange, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1257b23</span>; in Grammar, <b class="b3">σ. τῆς λέξεως</b> <b class="b2">parts</b> of speech, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>2</span>; but also, the <b class="b2">letters</b> composing a word, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>313.7</span>; <b class="b2">letters</b> of the alphabet, Diog. Bab.<span class="title">Stoic.</span>3.213; <b class="b3">σ. τοῦ λόγου</b> the <b class="b2">elements</b> of speech, viz. <b class="b2">words</b>, or the <b class="b2">kinds of words, parts</b> of speech, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Cat.</span>10.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">313.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> generally, <b class="b2">elementary</b> or <b class="b2">fundamental principle</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.1</span>; σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.16</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b16</span>; σ. τῆς ὅλης τέχνης <span class="bibl">Nicol.Com.1.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.10U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3p.59U.</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.127S., Gal.6.306. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἄστρων στοιχεῖα</b> the <b class="b2">stars</b>, <span class="bibl">Man.4.624</span>; σ. καυσούμενα λυθήσεται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>3.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>; esp. <b class="b2">planets</b>, στοιχείῳ Διός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.130.60</span> (i/ii A.D.); so perh. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>4.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>2.8</span>; esp. a <b class="b2">sign of the Zodiac</b>, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.102</span>; of the Great Bear, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1303. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">σ</b>. = [[ἀριθμός]], as etym. of <b class="b3">Στοιχαδεύς</b>, Sch.D.T.p.192 H.</span> | |Definition=τό: <span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> in a form of sun-dial, <b class="b2">the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day</b>, <b class="b3">ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ</b>. when the <b class="b2">shadow</b> is ten feet long, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>652</span>, v. Sch.; ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν . . τὸ σ. ᾖ <span class="bibl">Eub.119.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philem.83</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">element</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> a <b class="b2">simple sound</b> of speech, as the <b class="b2">first component</b> of the syllable, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>424d</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ῥῶ τὸ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">426d</span>; γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>202e</span>; σ. ἐστι φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b22</span>; φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a23</span>, cf.Gal.15.6:—<b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> therefore, strictly, were different from <b class="b2">letters</b> (γράμματα), <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213</span>, Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.32</span>, al., but are freq. not clearly distd. from them, as by Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>426d</span>; τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.21</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ε</b> <b class="b2">letter</b> ε (in a filing-system), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>959.2</span> (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἀκουόμενα σ</b>. <b class="b2">letters</b> which are pronounced, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>165.17</span>; <b class="b3">γράμματα</b> and ς. are expressly identified by <span class="bibl">D.T.630.32</span>; the ς. and its name are confused by <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Synt.</span>29.1</span>, but distd. by Hdn.Gr. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.340</span>, Sch.D.T. l.c.:—κατὰ στοιχεῖον <b class="b2">in the order of the letters, alphabetically</b>, AP11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in Physics, <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> were the <b class="b2">components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements</b>, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them <b class="b3">ῥιζὤματα</b>, the word <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b> being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>7.13</span>) by Pl., <b class="b3">τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ ς, e)c w(=n h(mei=s te sugkei/meqa kai\ ta)/lla</b> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>201e</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν πάντων σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>278d</span>; αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>48b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>314a29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>3</span>, al., <span class="bibl">D.L.3.24</span>; σ. σωματικά <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>338a22</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>46</span>; <b class="b3">ἄτομα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.36U.</span>; equivalent to <b class="b3">ἀρχαί</b>, Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.1</span>, Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>188b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1059b23</span>, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from <b class="b3">ἀρχή</b> as less comprehensive, ib.1070b23; <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας</b> ib.1088b27; <b class="b3">τρία τὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189b16</span>; distd. from <b class="b3">ἀρχή</b> on other grounds by <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.; Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">H.</span>5.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνηλεὲς σ</b>., of the sea, <span class="bibl">Babr.71.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>., of the sea, <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμφω τὰ σ</b>., i.e. land and sea, ib.<span class="bibl">11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Ecl.</span>2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> the <b class="b2">elements of proof</b>, e.g. in general reasoning the <b class="b3">πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b1</span>; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib.<span class="bibl">998a26</span>, <span class="bibl">1014a36</span>; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Euc.</span>pp.66,67</span>,<span class="bibl">68F.</span>: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b3</span>; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.<span class="bibl">6</span>; the line and the circle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>158b35</span>; the <b class="b3">τόπος</b> (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib.<span class="bibl">120b13</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1358a35</span>, al.; στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b10</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς</b> coin is the <b class="b2">unit . .</b>of exchange, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1257b23</span>; in Grammar, <b class="b3">σ. τῆς λέξεως</b> <b class="b2">parts</b> of speech, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>2</span>; but also, the <b class="b2">letters</b> composing a word, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>313.7</span>; <b class="b2">letters</b> of the alphabet, Diog. Bab.<span class="title">Stoic.</span>3.213; <b class="b3">σ. τοῦ λόγου</b> the <b class="b2">elements</b> of speech, viz. <b class="b2">words</b>, or the <b class="b2">kinds of words, parts</b> of speech, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Cat.</span>10.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">313.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> generally, <b class="b2">elementary</b> or <b class="b2">fundamental principle</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.1</span>; σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.16</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b16</span>; σ. τῆς ὅλης τέχνης <span class="bibl">Nicol.Com.1.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.10U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3p.59U.</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.127S., Gal.6.306. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἄστρων στοιχεῖα</b> the <b class="b2">stars</b>, <span class="bibl">Man.4.624</span>; σ. καυσούμενα λυθήσεται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>3.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>; esp. <b class="b2">planets</b>, στοιχείῳ Διός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.130.60</span> (i/ii A.D.); so perh. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>4.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>2.8</span>; esp. a <b class="b2">sign of the Zodiac</b>, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.102</span>; of the Great Bear, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1303. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">σ</b>. = [[ἀριθμός]], as etym. of <b class="b3">Στοιχαδεύς</b>, Sch.D.T.p.192 H.</span> | ||
}} | |||
{{pape | |||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0945.png Seite 945]] τό, eigtl. dim. von [[στοῖχος]], eine kleine aufgerichtete Stange, bes. der Stift an der Sonnenuhr, der den Schatten wirst und dadurch die Stunden des Tages bestimmt, daher auch dieser Schatten selbst, δεκάπουν [[στοιχεῖον]], von der Zeit des Abendessens, Ar. Eccl. 652; vgl. Eubul. bei Ath. I, 8 b u. Poll. 6, 44. – Der Buchstabe, als erster, einfachster Bestandtheil der Rede (στ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ [[ἀδιαίρετος]], Arist. poet. 20), zunächst nur insofern er gesprochen wurde, γράμματα hießen die geschriebenen; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ [[στοιχεῖον]], Plat. Crat. 426 d, u. öfter in diesem Gespräche; vgl. 434 b, ἔστι δὲ ἐξ ὧν [[συνθετέον]] τὰ ὀνόματα, στοιχεῖα; auch γραμμάτων στοιχεῖα, Theaet. 202 e; κατὰ [[στοιχεῖον]], nach der Buchstabenfolge, nach dem Alphabet. – Uebh. die ersten, einfachsten Bestandtheile, πυρὸς στοιχεῖόν τε καὶ [[σπέρμα]], Plat. Tim. 56 b; λάβωμεν τοῦτο οἷον [[στοιχεῖον]] ἐπ' ἀμφότερα σώματός τε καὶ ψυχῆς, Legg VII, 790 c; πολιτείας, Isocr. 2, 16. – Bes. die ersten Bestandtheile körperlicher Dinge, die Grundstoffe, Elemente, deren Empedokles zuerst vier annahm und sie ῥιζώματα nannte; περὶ τὰ τῶν πάντων στοιχεῖα, Plat. Polit. 278 c; ἀμφότερα, Erde und Wasser, Polemo 1, 11; σκοπῶμεν ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς τρο φῆς ὥςπερ ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 1; Arist. partt. an. 2, 1. – Bes. auch die Anfangsgründe der Wissenschaften, Elemente, Sp.; στοιχεῖα ἐνθυμημάτων, die Topik der Schlußarten, Arist. rhet. 2, 22; in der Geometrie die Punkte, Linien, Flächen. – Bei den Alexandrinern = Gestalt, Bild, bes. Bild des Thierkreises, D. L. 1, 102. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 19:22, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
τό: I in a form of sun-dial, the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day, ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ. when the shadow is ten feet long, Ar.Ec.652, v. Sch.; ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν . . τὸ σ. ᾖ Eub.119.7, cf. Philem.83. II element, 1 a simple sound of speech, as the first component of the syllable, Pl.Cra.424d; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ σ. ib.426d; γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς Id.Tht.202e; σ. ἐστι φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος Arist.Po.1456b22; φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων Id.Metaph.998a23, cf.Gal.15.6:—στοιχεῖα therefore, strictly, were different from letters (γράμματα), Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213, Sch.D.T.p.32, al., but are freq. not clearly distd. from them, as by Pl.Tht.l.c., Cra.426d; τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι Aen.Tact.31.21; σ. ε letter ε (in a filing-system), BGU959.2 (ii A.D.); ἀκουόμενα σ. letters which are pronounced, A.D.Adv.165.17; γράμματα and ς. are expressly identified by D.T.630.32; the ς. and its name are confused by A.D. Synt.29.1, but distd. by Hdn.Gr. ap. Choerob.in Theod.1.340, Sch.D.T. l.c.:—κατὰ στοιχεῖον in the order of the letters, alphabetically, AP11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e. 2 in Physics, στοιχεῖα were the components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them ῥιζὤματα, the word στοιχεῖα being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. Simp.in Ph.7.13) by Pl., τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ ς, e)c w(=n h(mei=s te sugkei/meqa kai\ ta)/lla Tht.201e; τὰ τῶν πάντων σ. Plt.278d; αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός Ti.48b, cf. Arist.GC314a29, Metaph.998a28, Thphr.Sens.3, al., D.L.3.24; σ. σωματικά Arist.Mete.338a22, Thphr.Fr.46; ἄτομα σ. Epicur.Ep.2p.36U.; equivalent to ἀρχαί, Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. D.L.2.1, Anon. ap. Arist.Ph.188b28, Metaph.1059b23, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from ἀρχή as less comprehensive, ib.1070b23; τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας ib.1088b27; τρία τὰ σ. Id.Ph.189b16; distd. from ἀρχή on other grounds by Stoic.2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.; Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον Orph.H.5.4; ἀνηλεὲς σ., of the sea, Babr.71.4; τὸ σ., of the sea, Polem.Cyn.44; ἄμφω τὰ σ., i.e. land and sea, ib.11, cf. Hdn.3.1.5, Him.Ecl.2.18. 3 the elements of proof, e.g. in general reasoning the πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί, Arist.Metaph.1014b1; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib.998a26, 1014a36; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, Procl. in Euc.pp.66,67,68F.: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, Arist.Metaph.1014b3; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.6; the line and the circle, Id.Top.158b35; the τόπος (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib.120b13, al., Rh.1358a35, al.; στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες Id.Metaph.1014b10; τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς coin is the unit . .of exchange, Id.Pol.1257b23; in Grammar, σ. τῆς λέξεως parts of speech, D.H.Comp.2; but also, the letters composing a word, A.D.Synt.313.7; letters of the alphabet, Diog. Bab.Stoic.3.213; σ. τοῦ λόγου the elements of speech, viz. words, or the kinds of words, parts of speech, Thphr. ap. Simp. in Cat.10.24, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45, A.D.Synt.7.1, 313.6. 4 generally, elementary or fundamental principle, ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ. X.Mem.2.1.1; σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας Isoc.2.16; τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ. Arist.Pol.1309b16; σ. τῆς ὅλης τέχνης Nicol.Com.1.30, cf. Epicur. Ep.1p.10U., Ep.3p.59U., Phld.Rh.1.127S., Gal.6.306. 5 ἄστρων στοιχεῖα the stars, Man.4.624; σ. καυσούμενα λυθήσεται 2 Ep.Pet.3.10, cf. 12; esp. planets, στοιχείῳ Διός PLond.1.130.60 (i/ii A.D.); so perh. in Ep.Gal.4.3, Ep.Col.2.8; esp. a sign of the Zodiac, D.L.6.102; of the Great Bear, PMag.Par.1.1303. 6 σ. = ἀριθμός, as etym. of Στοιχαδεύς, Sch.D.T.p.192 H.
German (Pape)
[Seite 945] τό, eigtl. dim. von στοῖχος, eine kleine aufgerichtete Stange, bes. der Stift an der Sonnenuhr, der den Schatten wirst und dadurch die Stunden des Tages bestimmt, daher auch dieser Schatten selbst, δεκάπουν στοιχεῖον, von der Zeit des Abendessens, Ar. Eccl. 652; vgl. Eubul. bei Ath. I, 8 b u. Poll. 6, 44. – Der Buchstabe, als erster, einfachster Bestandtheil der Rede (στ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος, Arist. poet. 20), zunächst nur insofern er gesprochen wurde, γράμματα hießen die geschriebenen; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ στοιχεῖον, Plat. Crat. 426 d, u. öfter in diesem Gespräche; vgl. 434 b, ἔστι δὲ ἐξ ὧν συνθετέον τὰ ὀνόματα, στοιχεῖα; auch γραμμάτων στοιχεῖα, Theaet. 202 e; κατὰ στοιχεῖον, nach der Buchstabenfolge, nach dem Alphabet. – Uebh. die ersten, einfachsten Bestandtheile, πυρὸς στοιχεῖόν τε καὶ σπέρμα, Plat. Tim. 56 b; λάβωμεν τοῦτο οἷον στοιχεῖον ἐπ' ἀμφότερα σώματός τε καὶ ψυχῆς, Legg VII, 790 c; πολιτείας, Isocr. 2, 16. – Bes. die ersten Bestandtheile körperlicher Dinge, die Grundstoffe, Elemente, deren Empedokles zuerst vier annahm und sie ῥιζώματα nannte; περὶ τὰ τῶν πάντων στοιχεῖα, Plat. Polit. 278 c; ἀμφότερα, Erde und Wasser, Polemo 1, 11; σκοπῶμεν ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς τρο φῆς ὥςπερ ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 1; Arist. partt. an. 2, 1. – Bes. auch die Anfangsgründe der Wissenschaften, Elemente, Sp.; στοιχεῖα ἐνθυμημάτων, die Topik der Schlußarten, Arist. rhet. 2, 22; in der Geometrie die Punkte, Linien, Flächen. – Bei den Alexandrinern = Gestalt, Bild, bes. Bild des Thierkreises, D. L. 1, 102.