πῶς: Difference between revisions
Χρηστὸς πονηροῖς οὐ τιτρώσκεται λόγοις → Non vulneratur vir bonus verbo improbo → Ein böses Wort verwundet keinen guten Mann
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|Definition=Ion. κῶς, interrog. Adv. of Manner, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">how?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.123</span>, etc.; sts. to express displeasure, <span class="bibl">4.26</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>391</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1031</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>192</span>; to express astonishment or doubt, <b class="b3">π. εἶπας</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>798</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>407</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. λέγεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1407</span>; <b class="b3">π. φῄς</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>268</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>575</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦτ' ἔλεξας</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>793</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦτ' εἶπες αὖ</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>309c</span>; also <b class="b3">π. μὴ φῶμεν . .</b>; surely we must, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in dialogue, to ask explanation, with a repetition of a word used by the previous speaker, <b class="b3">δίκαια</b>— Answ. <b class="b3">π. δίκαια</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>832</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ δίκαιος ὤν</b>—Answ. <b class="b3">π. μὴ δίκαιος</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>412</span>; <b class="b3">συμβολάς</b>—Answ. <b class="b3">π. συμβολάς</b>; <span class="bibl">Alex.143</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς</b> alone, <b class="b2">how so</b>, <b class="b3">π., ὅς γε . .</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1386</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with a second interrog. in the same clause, <b class="b3">π. ἐκ τίνος νεώς ποτε . . ἥκετε</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> and by what ship . .? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1543</span>; <b class="b3">τί τἀμὰ—π. ἔχει—θεσπίσματα</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">873</span>; <b class="b3">π. τί τοῦτο λέγεις</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> say you and what? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>22b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>146d</span>, <span class="bibl">208e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. modi, <b class="b3">π. ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> are we come off in it? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 751</span>; π. ἔχει πλήθους ἐπισκοπεῖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>451c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Verbs of selling, <b class="b2">how? at what price?</b> <b class="b3">π. ὁ σῖτος ὤνιος</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>758</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eq.</span> 480</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δ' ἄλφιθ' ὑμῖν π. ἐπώλουν</b>;—Answ. τεττάρων δραχμῶν . . τὸν κόφινον <span class="bibl">Stratt.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with other Particles, <b class="b3">π. ἂν . .; π. κε (ν) . .</b>; <b class="b2">how possibly . .?</b> <b class="b3">π. ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο . . λιποίμην οἶος</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.9.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 1.65</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἂν γένοιτ' ἂν . . ποδῶν ἔκμακτρον</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>534</span>: so with indic., <span class="bibl">Il.22.202</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>96</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Trag., <b class="b3">π. ἄν</b> c. opt. is freq. used to express a wish, <b class="b2">O how</b> might it be? i.e. <b class="b2">would that</b> it might . .! <b class="b3">π. ἂν θάνοιμι; π. ἂν ὀλοίμην</b>; etc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>388</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 796</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>208</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">345</span>; rare in Com., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>22</span> (a trace of this usage appears in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.15.195</span>): in later Prose, <b class="b3">π. ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα</b>; <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>28.67</span>; also with aor. subj. (without <b class="b3">ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, π. κοιμηθῶ</b>; <span class="bibl">M.Ant.9.40</span>; <b class="b3">π. μή μοι μέγας λέων ἐπιφανῇ</b>; <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>4.10.10</span>; with pres., <b class="b3">π. μὴ χρῄζω</b>; M.Ant.l.c. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">π. ἄρα . .</b>; in reply, <b class="b2">how then?</b> <b class="b3">π. τ' ἄρ' ἴω . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.18.188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>19</span>,<span class="bibl">207</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. γὰρ . .</b>; also in reply, as if something had gone before, [<b class="b2">that cannot be</b>], <b class="b2">for how can . .?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.337</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. γὰρ κάτοιδα</b>; <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>250</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1383</span>; v. infr. <span class="bibl">111.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. δὲ . .</b>; to introduce a strong objection, <b class="b3">π. δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας, κύον ἀδδεές . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.21.481</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.31</span>; <b class="b3">δόξει δὲ π</b>.; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>261</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. δή</b>; <b class="b2">how in the world?</b> <b class="b3">π. δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.4.351</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.364</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>543</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">π. γὰρ δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.16.70</span>; <b class="b3">π. δῆτα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>622</span>,<span class="bibl">1211</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>79</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">π. καὶ . .</b>; <b class="b2">just how . .?</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>515</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1354</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δὲ καὶ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 721</span>, v. [[καί]] B.6; but <b class="b3">καὶ π . . .</b>; to introduce an objection, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1348</span>, v. [[καί]] A. 11.2: hence <b class="b3">καὶ π</b>.; alone, <b class="b2">but how? impossible!</b> Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.134c, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>163d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">π. οὐ . .</b>; <b class="b2">how not so . .?</b> i.e. <b class="b2">surely it is so . .</b>, <b class="b3">π. οὐ δεινὰ εἴργασθε</b>; <span class="bibl">Th.3.66</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.273</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">π. οὖν . .</b>; like π. [[ἄρα]]; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>297</span>,<span class="bibl">340</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>568</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἂν οὖν . .</b> with opt., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>243</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">π. ποτε . .</b>; <b class="b2">how ever . .?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1210</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>687</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πῶς</b> folld. by several of the abovenamed Particles is freq. used in elliptical sentences, as, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">π. γάρ</b>; inserted parenthet. in a negative sentence, <b class="b2">for how is it possible? how can</b> or <b class="b2">could it be?</b> hence in emphatic denial, <b class="b3">κἀγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔδρασα, τοῦτ' ἐπίσταμαι, οὐδ' αὖ σύ· π. γάρ</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>911</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπορῶν</b> (π. γάρ;), ὅς γε . . <span class="bibl">D.18.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.217</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>263c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν καταφυγών</b> (π. γὰρ ἄν;), ὅστις . . <span class="bibl">Lys.1.27</span>; <b class="b3">π. γὰρ οὔ</b>; <b class="b2">how can it but be?</b> i.e. <b class="b2">it must be so</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>754</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1307</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160c</span>, al.; <b class="b3">π. γάρ</b>; (sc. <b class="b3">ἄλλως ἔχει</b>) is so used in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>279</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">π. δή</b>; <b class="b2">how so?</b> <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 601</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">673</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δῆτα</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469b</span>; <b class="b3">π. δαί</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 1212</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. δ' οὔ</b>; like [[π. γὰρ οὔ]]; (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1</span>), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>153b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 457a</span>; <b class="b3">π. δ' οὐχί</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1015</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1027</span>; parenthetically, S.<span class="title">OT</span> <span class="bibl">567</span>; <b class="b3">π. δ' οὐκ ἄν . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>759</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. οὖν</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> then? <b class="b2">how</b> next? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1376</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>598</span>, <span class="bibl">1261</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.124</span>; <b class="b3">π. οὖν ἄν . .</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.64</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. δοκεῖς</b>; parenthet., in conversation, <b class="b2">how</b> think you? hence (losing all interrog. force),= <b class="b3">λίαν</b>, <b class="b2">wonderfully</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>742</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>24</span>; also π. οἴει σφόδρα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>54</span>; cf. δοκέω <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> π. in indirect questions for <b class="b3">ὅπως</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>991</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 614</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.36</span>, etc.; ἐθαύμαζον ἂν π . . . ἔδεισαν <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).174.28 (Cnidus, Epist.Aug.); ζητηθήσεται π. ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθές ἐστι <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>8.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> in exclamations, ὦ π. πονηρόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου φύσις τὸ σύνολον <span class="bibl">Philem.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. παραχρῆμα ἐξηράνθη . .</b>! <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>21.20</span>; <b class="b3">π. δυσκόλως . .</b>! <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>10.23</span>.</span> | |Definition=Ion. κῶς, interrog. Adv. of Manner, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">how?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.123</span>, etc.; sts. to express displeasure, <span class="bibl">4.26</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>391</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1031</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>192</span>; to express astonishment or doubt, <b class="b3">π. εἶπας</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>798</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>407</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. λέγεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1407</span>; <b class="b3">π. φῄς</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>268</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>575</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦτ' ἔλεξας</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>793</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦτ' εἶπες αὖ</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>309c</span>; also <b class="b3">π. μὴ φῶμεν . .</b>; surely we must, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in dialogue, to ask explanation, with a repetition of a word used by the previous speaker, <b class="b3">δίκαια</b>— Answ. <b class="b3">π. δίκαια</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>832</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ δίκαιος ὤν</b>—Answ. <b class="b3">π. μὴ δίκαιος</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>412</span>; <b class="b3">συμβολάς</b>—Answ. <b class="b3">π. συμβολάς</b>; <span class="bibl">Alex.143</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς</b> alone, <b class="b2">how so</b>, <b class="b3">π., ὅς γε . .</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1386</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with a second interrog. in the same clause, <b class="b3">π. ἐκ τίνος νεώς ποτε . . ἥκετε</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> and by what ship . .? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1543</span>; <b class="b3">τί τἀμὰ—π. ἔχει—θεσπίσματα</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">873</span>; <b class="b3">π. τί τοῦτο λέγεις</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> say you and what? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>22b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>146d</span>, <span class="bibl">208e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. modi, <b class="b3">π. ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> are we come off in it? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 751</span>; π. ἔχει πλήθους ἐπισκοπεῖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>451c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Verbs of selling, <b class="b2">how? at what price?</b> <b class="b3">π. ὁ σῖτος ὤνιος</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>758</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eq.</span> 480</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δ' ἄλφιθ' ὑμῖν π. ἐπώλουν</b>;—Answ. τεττάρων δραχμῶν . . τὸν κόφινον <span class="bibl">Stratt.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with other Particles, <b class="b3">π. ἂν . .; π. κε (ν) . .</b>; <b class="b2">how possibly . .?</b> <b class="b3">π. ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο . . λιποίμην οἶος</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.9.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 1.65</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἂν γένοιτ' ἂν . . ποδῶν ἔκμακτρον</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>534</span>: so with indic., <span class="bibl">Il.22.202</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>96</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Trag., <b class="b3">π. ἄν</b> c. opt. is freq. used to express a wish, <b class="b2">O how</b> might it be? i.e. <b class="b2">would that</b> it might . .! <b class="b3">π. ἂν θάνοιμι; π. ἂν ὀλοίμην</b>; etc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>388</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 796</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>208</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">345</span>; rare in Com., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>22</span> (a trace of this usage appears in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.15.195</span>): in later Prose, <b class="b3">π. ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα</b>; <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>28.67</span>; also with aor. subj. (without <b class="b3">ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, π. κοιμηθῶ</b>; <span class="bibl">M.Ant.9.40</span>; <b class="b3">π. μή μοι μέγας λέων ἐπιφανῇ</b>; <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>4.10.10</span>; with pres., <b class="b3">π. μὴ χρῄζω</b>; M.Ant.l.c. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">π. ἄρα . .</b>; in reply, <b class="b2">how then?</b> <b class="b3">π. τ' ἄρ' ἴω . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.18.188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>19</span>,<span class="bibl">207</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. γὰρ . .</b>; also in reply, as if something had gone before, [<b class="b2">that cannot be</b>], <b class="b2">for how can . .?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.337</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. γὰρ κάτοιδα</b>; <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>250</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1383</span>; v. infr. <span class="bibl">111.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. δὲ . .</b>; to introduce a strong objection, <b class="b3">π. δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας, κύον ἀδδεές . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.21.481</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.31</span>; <b class="b3">δόξει δὲ π</b>.; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>261</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. δή</b>; <b class="b2">how in the world?</b> <b class="b3">π. δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.4.351</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.364</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>543</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">π. γὰρ δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.16.70</span>; <b class="b3">π. δῆτα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>622</span>,<span class="bibl">1211</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>79</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">π. καὶ . .</b>; <b class="b2">just how . .?</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>515</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1354</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δὲ καὶ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 721</span>, v. [[καί]] B.6; but <b class="b3">καὶ π . . .</b>; to introduce an objection, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1348</span>, v. [[καί]] A. 11.2: hence <b class="b3">καὶ π</b>.; alone, <b class="b2">but how? impossible!</b> Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.134c, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>163d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">π. οὐ . .</b>; <b class="b2">how not so . .?</b> i.e. <b class="b2">surely it is so . .</b>, <b class="b3">π. οὐ δεινὰ εἴργασθε</b>; <span class="bibl">Th.3.66</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.273</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">π. οὖν . .</b>; like π. [[ἄρα]]; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>297</span>,<span class="bibl">340</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>568</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἂν οὖν . .</b> with opt., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>243</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">π. ποτε . .</b>; <b class="b2">how ever . .?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1210</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>687</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πῶς</b> folld. by several of the abovenamed Particles is freq. used in elliptical sentences, as, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">π. γάρ</b>; inserted parenthet. in a negative sentence, <b class="b2">for how is it possible? how can</b> or <b class="b2">could it be?</b> hence in emphatic denial, <b class="b3">κἀγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔδρασα, τοῦτ' ἐπίσταμαι, οὐδ' αὖ σύ· π. γάρ</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>911</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπορῶν</b> (π. γάρ;), ὅς γε . . <span class="bibl">D.18.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.217</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>263c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν καταφυγών</b> (π. γὰρ ἄν;), ὅστις . . <span class="bibl">Lys.1.27</span>; <b class="b3">π. γὰρ οὔ</b>; <b class="b2">how can it but be?</b> i.e. <b class="b2">it must be so</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>754</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1307</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160c</span>, al.; <b class="b3">π. γάρ</b>; (sc. <b class="b3">ἄλλως ἔχει</b>) is so used in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>279</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">π. δή</b>; <b class="b2">how so?</b> <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 601</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">673</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δῆτα</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469b</span>; <b class="b3">π. δαί</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 1212</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. δ' οὔ</b>; like [[π. γὰρ οὔ]]; (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1</span>), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>153b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 457a</span>; <b class="b3">π. δ' οὐχί</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1015</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1027</span>; parenthetically, S.<span class="title">OT</span> <span class="bibl">567</span>; <b class="b3">π. δ' οὐκ ἄν . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>759</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. οὖν</b>; <b class="b2">how</b> then? <b class="b2">how</b> next? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1376</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>598</span>, <span class="bibl">1261</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.124</span>; <b class="b3">π. οὖν ἄν . .</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.64</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. δοκεῖς</b>; parenthet., in conversation, <b class="b2">how</b> think you? hence (losing all interrog. force),= <b class="b3">λίαν</b>, <b class="b2">wonderfully</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>742</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>24</span>; also π. οἴει σφόδρα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>54</span>; cf. δοκέω <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> π. in indirect questions for <b class="b3">ὅπως</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>991</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 614</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.36</span>, etc.; ἐθαύμαζον ἂν π . . . ἔδεισαν <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).174.28 (Cnidus, Epist.Aug.); ζητηθήσεται π. ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθές ἐστι <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>8.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> in exclamations, ὦ π. πονηρόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου φύσις τὸ σύνολον <span class="bibl">Philem.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. παραχρῆμα ἐξηράνθη . .</b>! <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>21.20</span>; <b class="b3">π. δυσκόλως . .</b>! <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>10.23</span>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0828.png Seite 828]] ion. [[κῶς]], adv. zu ποσ, wie? auf welche Art? von Hom. an überall; oft mit dem Ausdruck des Unwillens oder der Verwunderung, πῶς ἐθέλεις, Il. 4, 26; bes. πῶς γάρ, wobei man sich etwa einen Satz wie »das kann nicht geschehen!« ergänzen muß, denn wie sollte das –, πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι [[γέρας]], Il. 1, 123, vgl. 10, 61 Od. 10, 337, u. sonst; – πῶς δή, Il. 4, 351. 18, 364, Tragg. u. sonst; – πῶς [[δῆτα]], Plat. Gorg. 469 b; – πῶς γὰρ δή, Od. 16, 70; – πῶς δέ, Il. 21, 481; – πῶς ποτε, oft bei Attikern. – Auch mit doppelter Frage, πῶς τί –; Heindorf Plat. Hipp. mai. 297 e Soph. 261 e Theaet. 146 d; Bekker schreibt getrennt πῶς; τί; – ermäßigt, wie nur? wie wohl? πῶς ἄρα, Il. 18, 188 Od. 3, 22; – c. optat., Il. 11, 838; – πῶς ἄν od. κε, c. optat., Il. 9, 437. 10, 243. 14, 333. 17, 149 Od. 1, 65. 8, 352. 9, 351 u. sonst oft; – πῶς κεν, c. indic., Il. 22, 202. – Bei den Tragg. u. in der attischen Prosa enthält πῶς ἄν oft den Ausdruck eines bestimmten Wunsches, o wenn doch –, o möchte ich doch, utinam, πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; wie wohl stürbe ich? wie wohl richtete ich es ein, zu sterben, d. i. o möchte ich doch sterben! Soph. Ai. 388; vgl. Phil. 794 O. R. 765; Valck. Eur. Hipp. 208. 345, u. s. dessen Diatr. p. 173 c, wie Markl. Eur. Suppl. 796, Schäf. Soph. O. C. 1100 u. Monk Eur. Hippol. 208. 345. Sp. brauchten so πῶς ohne ἄν mit dem conj., wie Arrian., vgl. Schäf, melet. p. 100. – Πῶς νῦν; wie nun? d. i. was meinst du nun dazu? Od. 18, 223. – Ost wird πῶς γάρ sowohl in einen längern Satz eingeschoben, als auch für sich nachgesetzt, um nachdrücklich zu verneinen, <b class="b2">dennwie?</b> wie wäre es auch möglich? d. i. keineswegs, mit nichten, Plat. Soph. 263 c Parm. 162 c u. oft, vgl. Valck. Phoen. 1614, Hemst. Luc. Tim. 2; sehr selten wie πῶς γὰρ οὔ bejahend, Soph. Ai. 279; vgl. Koen zu Greg. Cor. p. 144. Eben so wird auch καὶ πῶς, und wie? wie wäre es auch möglich? d. i. <b class="b2">unmöglich</b>, gebraucht, Plat. Theaet. 163 d Phil. 60 d u. sonst, vgl. Pors. Eur. Phoen. 1372; auch in bestimmt verneinenden Antworten, Plat. Alc. I, 134 c. So auch πῶς γὰρ ἄν; Plat. Soph. 237 c Parm. 149 e Euthyd. 284 a; καὶ πῶς ἄν; Theaet. 185 c Rep. I, 353 c. – Dagegen bejaht πῶς οὔ; πῶς γὰρ οὔ, nachdrücklich, wie nicht? wie sollte es nicht so sein? quidni? d. i. allerdings, freilich, natürlich, vgl. Plat. Polit. 309 e Parm. 162 c Gorg. 487 b; Dem. u. A.; – πῶς ἔχεις, c. gen., wie verhältst du dich in Beziehung darauf, z. B. πλήθους, τάχους, Plat. Gorg. 451 c; – πῶς δοκεῖς; lebhaft in den Satz eingeschoben, wie meinst du? wie glaubst du? d. i. sehr, vgl. Valck. Hipp. 446; Herm. Ar. Nubb. 878. – Sp. auch in indirecter Frage = [[ὅπως]]. | |||
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Revision as of 19:40, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
Ion. κῶς, interrog. Adv. of Manner,
A how? Il.1.123, etc.; sts. to express displeasure, 4.26, S.OT391, Ph.1031, Tr.192; to express astonishment or doubt, π. εἶπας; A.Pers.798, S.El.407, etc.; π. λέγεις; Id.Ph.1407; π. φῄς; A.Ag.268, E.El.575; π. τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; A.Pers.793; π. τοῦτ' εἶπες αὖ; Pl.Plt.309c; also π. μὴ φῶμεν . .; surely we must, Id.Tht.161e. b in dialogue, to ask explanation, with a repetition of a word used by the previous speaker, δίκαια— Answ. π. δίκαια; S.OC832; μὴ δίκαιος ὤν—Answ. π. μὴ δίκαιος; Id.Tr.412; συμβολάς—Answ. π. συμβολάς; Alex.143; πῶς alone, how so, π., ὅς γε . .; S.Ph.1386. 2 with a second interrog. in the same clause, π. ἐκ τίνος νεώς ποτε . . ἥκετε; how and by what ship . .? E.Hel.1543; τί τἀμὰ—π. ἔχει—θεσπίσματα; ib.873; π. τί τοῦτο λέγεις; how say you and what? Pl.Ti.22b, cf. Tht.146d, 208e, etc. 3 c. gen. modi, π. ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν; how are we come off in it? E.El. 751; π. ἔχει πλήθους ἐπισκοπεῖ Pl.Grg.451c. 4 with Verbs of selling, how? at what price? π. ὁ σῖτος ὤνιος; Ar.Ach.758, cf. Eq. 480; τὰ δ' ἄλφιθ' ὑμῖν π. ἐπώλουν;—Answ. τεττάρων δραχμῶν . . τὸν κόφινον Stratt.13. II with other Particles, π. ἂν . .; π. κε (ν) . .; how possibly . .? π. ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο . . λιποίμην οἶος; Il.9.437, cf. Od. 1.65, etc.; π. ἂν γένοιτ' ἂν . . ποδῶν ἔκμακτρον; E.El.534: so with indic., Il.22.202, E.Alc.96 (lyr.), etc. b in Trag., π. ἄν c. opt. is freq. used to express a wish, O how might it be? i.e. would that it might . .! π. ἂν θάνοιμι; π. ἂν ὀλοίμην; etc., S.Aj.388 (lyr.), E.Supp. 796 (lyr.), cf. Hipp.208 (anap.), 345; rare in Com., Ar.Th.22 (a trace of this usage appears in Hom., Od.15.195): in later Prose, π. ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα; LXX De.28.67; also with aor. subj. (without ἄν) , π. κοιμηθῶ; M.Ant.9.40; π. μή μοι μέγας λέων ἐπιφανῇ; Arr.Epict.4.10.10; with pres., π. μὴ χρῄζω; M.Ant.l.c. 2 π. ἄρα . .; in reply, how then? π. τ' ἄρ' ἴω . .; Il.18.188, cf. Od.3.22, h.Ap.19,207. 3 π. γὰρ . .; also in reply, as if something had gone before, [that cannot be], for how can . .? Il.1.123, Od.10.337, etc.; π. γὰρ κάτοιδα; S. Ph.250, cf. 1383; v. infr. 111.1. 4 π. δὲ . .; to introduce a strong objection, π. δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας, κύον ἀδδεές . .; Il.21.481, cf. Od.18.31; δόξει δὲ π.; A.Pr.261. 5 π. δή; how in the world? π. δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν; Il.4.351, cf. 18.364, A.Ag.543, etc.; also π. γὰρ δή . .; Od.16.70; π. δῆτα . .; A.Ag.622,1211, Ar.Nu.79, etc. 6 π. καὶ . .; just how . .? E.Hec.515, Ph.1354, etc.; π. δὲ καὶ . .; A.Pers. 721, v. καί B.6; but καὶ π . . .; to introduce an objection, E.Ph.1348, v. καί A. 11.2: hence καὶ π.; alone, but how? impossible! Pl.Alc.1.134c, Tht.163d, etc. 7 π. οὐ . .; how not so . .? i.e. surely it is so . ., π. οὐ δεινὰ εἴργασθε; Th.3.66, cf. Ar.Nu.398, D.18.273. 8 π. οὖν . .; like π. ἄρα; A.Supp.297,340, S.OT568, etc.; π. ἂν οὖν . . with opt., A.Pers.243, E.IT98. 9 π. ποτε . .; how ever . .? S.OT 1210 (lyr.), Ph.687 (lyr.). III πῶς folld. by several of the abovenamed Particles is freq. used in elliptical sentences, as, 1 π. γάρ; inserted parenthet. in a negative sentence, for how is it possible? how can or could it be? hence in emphatic denial, κἀγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔδρασα, τοῦτ' ἐπίσταμαι, οὐδ' αὖ σύ· π. γάρ; Id.El.911; οὐκ ἀπορῶν (π. γάρ;), ὅς γε . . D.18.312, cf. 21.217, Pl.Sph.263c, etc.; οὐδ' ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν καταφυγών (π. γὰρ ἄν;), ὅστις . . Lys.1.27; π. γὰρ οὔ; how can it but be? i.e. it must be so, A.Ch.754, S.El.1307, Pl.Tht.160c, al.; π. γάρ; (sc. ἄλλως ἔχει) is so used in S.Aj.279. 2 π. δή; how so? A.Eu. 601, Ar.Nu.664, 673, etc.; π. δῆτα; Pl.Grg.469b; π. δαί; Ar.V. 1212. 3 π. δ' οὔ; like π. γὰρ οὔ; (v. supr. 1), Pl.Tht.153b, R. 457a; π. δ' οὐχί; S.OT1015, Ar.Pax 1027; parenthetically, S.OT 567; π. δ' οὐκ ἄν . .; A.Pr.759. 4 π. οὖν; how then? how next? E.Med.1376, Hipp.598, 1261, D.19.124; π. οὖν ἄν . .; X.Mem.1.2.64. 5 π. δοκεῖς; parenthet., in conversation, how think you? hence (losing all interrog. force),= λίαν, wonderfully, Ar.Pl.742, Nu.881, Ach.24; also π. οἴει σφόδρα Id.Ra.54; cf. δοκέω 1.2. IV π. in indirect questions for ὅπως, A.Eu.677, S.Tr.991 (anap.), Ar.Eq. 614, X.Mem.1.2.36, etc.; ἐθαύμαζον ἂν π . . . ἔδεισαν IG12(3).174.28 (Cnidus, Epist.Aug.); ζητηθήσεται π. ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθές ἐστι S.E. M.8.16. V in exclamations, ὦ π. πονηρόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου φύσις τὸ σύνολον Philem.2; π. παραχρῆμα ἐξηράνθη . .! Ev.Matt.21.20; π. δυσκόλως . .! Ev.Marc.10.23.
German (Pape)
[Seite 828] ion. κῶς, adv. zu ποσ, wie? auf welche Art? von Hom. an überall; oft mit dem Ausdruck des Unwillens oder der Verwunderung, πῶς ἐθέλεις, Il. 4, 26; bes. πῶς γάρ, wobei man sich etwa einen Satz wie »das kann nicht geschehen!« ergänzen muß, denn wie sollte das –, πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας, Il. 1, 123, vgl. 10, 61 Od. 10, 337, u. sonst; – πῶς δή, Il. 4, 351. 18, 364, Tragg. u. sonst; – πῶς δῆτα, Plat. Gorg. 469 b; – πῶς γὰρ δή, Od. 16, 70; – πῶς δέ, Il. 21, 481; – πῶς ποτε, oft bei Attikern. – Auch mit doppelter Frage, πῶς τί –; Heindorf Plat. Hipp. mai. 297 e Soph. 261 e Theaet. 146 d; Bekker schreibt getrennt πῶς; τί; – ermäßigt, wie nur? wie wohl? πῶς ἄρα, Il. 18, 188 Od. 3, 22; – c. optat., Il. 11, 838; – πῶς ἄν od. κε, c. optat., Il. 9, 437. 10, 243. 14, 333. 17, 149 Od. 1, 65. 8, 352. 9, 351 u. sonst oft; – πῶς κεν, c. indic., Il. 22, 202. – Bei den Tragg. u. in der attischen Prosa enthält πῶς ἄν oft den Ausdruck eines bestimmten Wunsches, o wenn doch –, o möchte ich doch, utinam, πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; wie wohl stürbe ich? wie wohl richtete ich es ein, zu sterben, d. i. o möchte ich doch sterben! Soph. Ai. 388; vgl. Phil. 794 O. R. 765; Valck. Eur. Hipp. 208. 345, u. s. dessen Diatr. p. 173 c, wie Markl. Eur. Suppl. 796, Schäf. Soph. O. C. 1100 u. Monk Eur. Hippol. 208. 345. Sp. brauchten so πῶς ohne ἄν mit dem conj., wie Arrian., vgl. Schäf, melet. p. 100. – Πῶς νῦν; wie nun? d. i. was meinst du nun dazu? Od. 18, 223. – Ost wird πῶς γάρ sowohl in einen längern Satz eingeschoben, als auch für sich nachgesetzt, um nachdrücklich zu verneinen, dennwie? wie wäre es auch möglich? d. i. keineswegs, mit nichten, Plat. Soph. 263 c Parm. 162 c u. oft, vgl. Valck. Phoen. 1614, Hemst. Luc. Tim. 2; sehr selten wie πῶς γὰρ οὔ bejahend, Soph. Ai. 279; vgl. Koen zu Greg. Cor. p. 144. Eben so wird auch καὶ πῶς, und wie? wie wäre es auch möglich? d. i. unmöglich, gebraucht, Plat. Theaet. 163 d Phil. 60 d u. sonst, vgl. Pors. Eur. Phoen. 1372; auch in bestimmt verneinenden Antworten, Plat. Alc. I, 134 c. So auch πῶς γὰρ ἄν; Plat. Soph. 237 c Parm. 149 e Euthyd. 284 a; καὶ πῶς ἄν; Theaet. 185 c Rep. I, 353 c. – Dagegen bejaht πῶς οὔ; πῶς γὰρ οὔ, nachdrücklich, wie nicht? wie sollte es nicht so sein? quidni? d. i. allerdings, freilich, natürlich, vgl. Plat. Polit. 309 e Parm. 162 c Gorg. 487 b; Dem. u. A.; – πῶς ἔχεις, c. gen., wie verhältst du dich in Beziehung darauf, z. B. πλήθους, τάχους, Plat. Gorg. 451 c; – πῶς δοκεῖς; lebhaft in den Satz eingeschoben, wie meinst du? wie glaubst du? d. i. sehr, vgl. Valck. Hipp. 446; Herm. Ar. Nubb. 878. – Sp. auch in indirecter Frage = ὅπως.
