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|Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortd. form of <b class="b3">περί</b> (q. v.) in the sense of <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">very much, however much</b>.—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> <b class="b2">all</b> shortlived as I am, <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span> ; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">587</span> ; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης <span class="bibl">3.201</span> : mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> <b class="b2">however</b> brave thou art, <span class="bibl">1.131</span>, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.164</span>; κύνεός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">9.373</span>; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">343</span>; μέγαν π. ἐόντα <span class="bibl">5.625</span>: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>55</span>(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1068</span> : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.546</span> ; γυνή π. οὖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1043</span> : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής <span class="bibl">Il.2.246</span> : with <b class="b3">καί</b> preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.195</span>, etc.: with the part. <b class="b3">ὤν</b> omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> <b class="b2">however</b> shrewd, <span class="bibl">16.638</span>; κρατερός π. <span class="bibl">21.63</span> ; <b class="b3">χερείονά π</b>. <span class="bibl">17.539</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1084</span> : with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π</b>. <b class="b2">however</b> eager, <span class="bibl">Il.17.292</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved <b class="b2">though</b> he was for... <span class="bibl">8.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π</b>. more pitiable <b class="b2">by far</b>, <span class="bibl">24.504</span> ; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π</b>. for a <b class="b2">very</b> little, <span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">13.573</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.391</span> ; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π</b>. first <b class="b2">of all</b>, <span class="bibl">14.295</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π</b>. <span class="bibl">8.353</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.80</span> : to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ . . π</b>. not <b class="b2">even</b>, not <b class="b2">at all</b>, οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.201</span>, <span class="bibl">11.841</span>, <span class="bibl">21.410</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">3.236</span> ; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι <span class="bibl">11.441</span> ; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.70</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα <span class="bibl">17.712</span>; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν <span class="bibl">21.308</span> : esp. <b class="b2">at any rate</b>, <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour (<b class="b2">whatever else</b>) he owed me, <span class="bibl">1.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.236</span>, <span class="bibl">17.121</span>,<span class="bibl">239</span> ; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">8.242</span> : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> <b class="b2">at all events</b>, <span class="bibl">1.508</span> : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π. . . ἐλέαιρε <span class="bibl">9.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.796</span>, <span class="bibl">12.349</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π</b>. <b class="b2">just</b> when, <span class="bibl">Il.4.259</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος . . π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.86</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>301</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π</b>. before <b class="b2">even</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. <b class="b2">just</b> because, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.186</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> after <b class="b3">καί</b>, v. [[καίπερ]].</span><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for <b class="b3">περί</b>. | |Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortd. form of <b class="b3">περί</b> (q. v.) in the sense of <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">very much, however much</b>.—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> <b class="b2">all</b> shortlived as I am, <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span> ; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">587</span> ; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης <span class="bibl">3.201</span> : mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> <b class="b2">however</b> brave thou art, <span class="bibl">1.131</span>, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.164</span>; κύνεός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">9.373</span>; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">343</span>; μέγαν π. ἐόντα <span class="bibl">5.625</span>: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>55</span>(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1068</span> : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.546</span> ; γυνή π. οὖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1043</span> : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής <span class="bibl">Il.2.246</span> : with <b class="b3">καί</b> preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.195</span>, etc.: with the part. <b class="b3">ὤν</b> omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> <b class="b2">however</b> shrewd, <span class="bibl">16.638</span>; κρατερός π. <span class="bibl">21.63</span> ; <b class="b3">χερείονά π</b>. <span class="bibl">17.539</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1084</span> : with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π</b>. <b class="b2">however</b> eager, <span class="bibl">Il.17.292</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved <b class="b2">though</b> he was for... <span class="bibl">8.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π</b>. more pitiable <b class="b2">by far</b>, <span class="bibl">24.504</span> ; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π</b>. for a <b class="b2">very</b> little, <span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">13.573</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.391</span> ; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π</b>. first <b class="b2">of all</b>, <span class="bibl">14.295</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π</b>. <span class="bibl">8.353</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.80</span> : to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ . . π</b>. not <b class="b2">even</b>, not <b class="b2">at all</b>, οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.201</span>, <span class="bibl">11.841</span>, <span class="bibl">21.410</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">3.236</span> ; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι <span class="bibl">11.441</span> ; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.70</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα <span class="bibl">17.712</span>; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν <span class="bibl">21.308</span> : esp. <b class="b2">at any rate</b>, <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour (<b class="b2">whatever else</b>) he owed me, <span class="bibl">1.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.236</span>, <span class="bibl">17.121</span>,<span class="bibl">239</span> ; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">8.242</span> : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> <b class="b2">at all events</b>, <span class="bibl">1.508</span> : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π. . . ἐλέαιρε <span class="bibl">9.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.796</span>, <span class="bibl">12.349</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π</b>. <b class="b2">just</b> when, <span class="bibl">Il.4.259</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος . . π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.86</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>301</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π</b>. before <b class="b2">even</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. <b class="b2">just</b> because, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.186</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> after <b class="b3">καί</b>, v. [[καίπερ]].</span><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for <b class="b3">περί</b>. | ||
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{{Slater | |||
|sltr=<b>περ</b> <br /> <b>a</b> [[emphatic]] [[particle]]. [[ὅθεν]] περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων τὰ πόλλ' ἀοιδοὶ ἄρχονται (N. 2.1) παίδων δὲ παῖδες ἔχοιεν αἰεὶ [[γέρας]] τό περ [[νῦν]] καὶ [[ἄρειον]] [[ὄπιθεν]] ([[fort]]. τό περ = [[ὅπερ]]) (N. 7.101) <br /> <b>b</b> concessive [[particle]]. ἴυξεν δ' ἀφωνήτῳ περ [[ἔμπας]] [[ἄχει]] (P. 4.237) ἐγὼ [[τόδε]] [[τοι]] [[πέμπω]] μεμιγμένον [[μέλι]] λευκῷ σὺν γάλακτι, [[ὀψέ]] περ (N. 3.80) [περ ἄν (codd.: [[πέραν]] Hermann) (N. 7.75) ]<br /> <b>c</b> καί περ, v. [[καίπερ]]: ὅς περ, v. [[ὅσπερ]]. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:38, 17 August 2017
English (LSJ)
(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortd. form of περί (q. v.) in the sense of
A very much, however much.—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: 1 in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα all shortlived as I am, Il.1.352 ; φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν ib.587 ; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης 3.201 : mostly concessive like καίπερ (q. v.), ἀγαθός π. ἐών however brave thou art, 1.131, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών 15.164; κύνεός π. ἐών 9.373; δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν ib.343; μέγαν π. ἐόντα 5.625: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα A.Supp.55(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν S.Ph.1068 : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ Il.1.546 ; γυνή π. οὖσα A.Th.1043 : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής Il.2.246 : with καί preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών 15.195, etc.: with the part. ὤν omitted, φράδμων π. ἀνήρ however shrewd, 16.638; κρατερός π. 21.63 ; χερείονά π. 17.539 ; καὶ θεός π. A.Ag.1203, cf. 1084 : with parts., ἱεμένων π. however eager, Il.17.292 ; καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου grieved though he was for... 8.125. 2 intens., ἐλεεινότερός π. more pitiable by far, 24.504 ; μίνυνθά π. for a very little, 1.416, 13.573 ; ὀλίγον π. 11.391 ; πρῶτόν π. first of all, 14.295 ; ὑστάτιόν π. 8.353 ; ὀψέ π. Pi.N.3.80 : to strengthen a negation, οὐδὲ . . π. not even, not at all, οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει Il.21.130, cf. 8.201, 11.841, 21.410, Od.1.59, 3.236 ; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι 11.441 ; ἢν μή π. Hdt.6.57. 3 to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα Il.10.70; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα 17.712; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν 21.308 : esp. at any rate, τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι honour (whatever else) he owed me, 1.353, cf. 2.236, 17.121,239 ; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ 8.242 : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον at all events, 1.508 : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π. . . ἐλέαιρε 9.301, cf. 11.796, 12.349. II after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: 1 after hypothetical Conjs., v. εἴπερ. 2 after temporal Conjs., ὅτε π. just when, Il.4.259, 5.802, etc.; ἦμος . . π. 11.86; ὅταν π. S.OC301, etc.; πρίν π. before even, Il.15.588. 3 after causal Conjs., v. ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π. just because, Hdt.4.186. 4 after relats., v. ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ. 5 after the comp. particle, v. ἤπερ, ἠέπερ. 6 after καί, v. καίπερ.περ (B), Aeol. for περί.
English (Slater)
περ
a emphatic particle. ὅθεν περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων τὰ πόλλ' ἀοιδοὶ ἄρχονται (N. 2.1) παίδων δὲ παῖδες ἔχοιεν αἰεὶ γέρας τό περ νῦν καὶ ἄρειον ὄπιθεν (fort. τό περ = ὅπερ) (N. 7.101)
b concessive particle. ἴυξεν δ' ἀφωνήτῳ περ ἔμπας ἄχει (P. 4.237) ἐγὼ τόδε τοι πέμπω μεμιγμένον μέλι λευκῷ σὺν γάλακτι, ὀψέ περ (N. 3.80) [περ ἄν (codd.: πέραν Hermann) (N. 7.75) ]
c καί περ, v. καίπερ: ὅς περ, v. ὅσπερ.
