πρέσβυς: Difference between revisions
Κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φρόνησιν οὐδεὶς εὐτυχεῖ → Suo arbitratu nullus est felix satis → Kein Mensch nach seinem eignen Denken glücklich ist
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|Definition=<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.282</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>530</span>, εως or εος (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), ὁ, voc. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> πρέσβῠ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>476</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>146</span>:—<b class="b2">old man</b> (poet. for prose <b class="b3">πρεσβύτης</b>), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ π. Πόλυβος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>941</span>; Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>562</span>; δριμὺς π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>255</span> (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>665</span>; πρέσβυ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ π. <b class="b2">the elder</b>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>184</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">205</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">530</span>; cf. <b class="b3">πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις</b>: pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, <b class="b2">elders</b>, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">111</span>), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span> 840</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1111</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>247</span>; for <b class="b3">πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες</b>, v. [[πρεσβεύς]]: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος, α, ον</b> (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.177.15</span> (i A. D.)), <b class="b2">elder</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.787</span>, <span class="bibl">15.204</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ</b> by more than a year, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">older</b> than the fit number, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">Fr.</span>127</span>; <b class="b3">βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι</b> thy counsels <b class="b2">wise beyond thy years</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>2.65</span>; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας <span class="bibl">D.H.5.30</span>; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1215a23</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>546a7</span>; ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν <b class="b2">rather old</b>, PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also δένδρα π. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.13.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι</b> become <b class="b2">older</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>631e</span>; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι <b class="b2">in my old age, PCair. Zen</b>. <span class="bibl">447.9</span> (iii B. C.): Sup. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτατος, η, ον,</b> <b class="b2">eldest</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">11.740</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>234</span>, etc.; π. γενεῇ <span class="bibl">Il.6.24</span>; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Nic.</span>15</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>546a4</span>, al. : for the poet. forms <b class="b3">πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος</b>, v. [[πρέσβιστος]], and cf. [[πρεῖγυς]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Comp. and Sup., of things, <b class="b2">more</b> or <b class="b2">most important, taking precedence</b>, esp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερόν τι</b> (or <b class="b3">οὐδὲν</b>) <b class="b3"> ἔχειν</b> deem <b class="b2">higher, more important</b>, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.63</span>; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>959</span> (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218d</span>; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι <span class="bibl">Th. 4.61</span>; merely of magnitude, <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν</b> one evil <b class="b2">greater than</b>another, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1365</span> (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>717b</span>. Adv., -τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>548c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Or.</span>4.132c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> = [[πρεσβευτής]], <b class="b2">ambassador</b>, in nom. sg. only cj. in <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>727</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβη</b>) and in Prov. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.4.394</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβις</b> (A)); gen. πρέσβεως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>93</span> (at end of line); πρέσβεος <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span> 1.233</span>: dual <b class="b3">πρέσβει</b> (written πρεσβε) <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, Dor. uncontr. <b class="b3">πρέσβεες</b> ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than <b class="b3">πρεσβευταί</b> (q. v.)), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., <span class="bibl">D.19.183</span>; acc. πρέσβεις <span class="title">IG</span>12.46.24, Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.13</span>; gen. <b class="b3">πρέσβεων</b>, dat. <b class="b3">πρέσβεσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>76</span>,<span class="bibl">62</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.7. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> at Sparta a political title, <b class="b2">president</b>, <b class="b3">τῶν ἐφόρων</b> ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; <b class="b3">νομοφυλάκων</b> ib.555b19; <b class="b3">βιδέων</b> ib.556.6; <b class="b3">συναρχίας</b> ib.504.16; <b class="b3">τῆς φυλῆς</b> ib.564.3; [<b class="b3">σφαιρέων</b>] ib.675.5; gen. sg. <b class="b3">πρέσβεως</b> ib. 504.16, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος</b>, <b class="b2">elder, alderman</b>, τῆς κώμης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 195.30</span> (ii A. D., pl.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>2121.4</span> (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>520.4</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>124.22</span>, <span class="bibl">36</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ</b> (<b class="b2">both</b>) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι <span class="title">OGI</span>194.3 (Egypt, i B. C.); <b class="b3">οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων</b> ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.); π. τῶν γεωργῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>13.5</span> (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι <span class="title">IGRom.</span>1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); <b class="b3">τέκτονες π</b>. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): <b class="b2">elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin</b>, Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, <b class="b2">elder of the Christian Church, presbyter</b>, Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>5.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1162.1</span> (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Jo.</span>1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span> <span class="title">Ep.Jo.</span>1.1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">wren</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>609a17</span>, <span class="bibl">615a19</span>, Hsch.; cf. <b class="b3">σπέργυς.</b> (<b class="b3">-βυ-</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">-γυ-</b> (in <b class="b3">πρεῖγυς</b>), cogn. with Skt. <b class="b2">-gu</b> in <b class="b2">vanar-gú-</b> 'one who lives or moves in the forest', Lith. <b class="b2">žmogùs</b> 'man' (lit. 'one who moves on the ground'); <b class="b3">πρεσ-</b> cogn. with Lat.<b class="b2">prae, pris-tinus;</b> the oldest sense of <b class="b3">π</b>. is 'going in front, taking precedence'.)</span> | |Definition=<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.282</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>530</span>, εως or εος (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), ὁ, voc. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> πρέσβῠ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>476</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>146</span>:—<b class="b2">old man</b> (poet. for prose <b class="b3">πρεσβύτης</b>), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ π. Πόλυβος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>941</span>; Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>562</span>; δριμὺς π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>255</span> (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>665</span>; πρέσβυ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ π. <b class="b2">the elder</b>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>184</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">205</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">530</span>; cf. <b class="b3">πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις</b>: pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, <b class="b2">elders</b>, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">111</span>), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span> 840</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1111</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>247</span>; for <b class="b3">πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες</b>, v. [[πρεσβεύς]]: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος, α, ον</b> (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.177.15</span> (i A. D.)), <b class="b2">elder</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.787</span>, <span class="bibl">15.204</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ</b> by more than a year, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">older</b> than the fit number, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">Fr.</span>127</span>; <b class="b3">βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι</b> thy counsels <b class="b2">wise beyond thy years</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>2.65</span>; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας <span class="bibl">D.H.5.30</span>; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1215a23</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>546a7</span>; ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν <b class="b2">rather old</b>, PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also δένδρα π. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.13.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι</b> become <b class="b2">older</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>631e</span>; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι <b class="b2">in my old age, PCair. Zen</b>. <span class="bibl">447.9</span> (iii B. C.): Sup. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτατος, η, ον,</b> <b class="b2">eldest</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">11.740</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>234</span>, etc.; π. γενεῇ <span class="bibl">Il.6.24</span>; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Nic.</span>15</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>546a4</span>, al. : for the poet. forms <b class="b3">πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος</b>, v. [[πρέσβιστος]], and cf. [[πρεῖγυς]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Comp. and Sup., of things, <b class="b2">more</b> or <b class="b2">most important, taking precedence</b>, esp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερόν τι</b> (or <b class="b3">οὐδὲν</b>) <b class="b3"> ἔχειν</b> deem <b class="b2">higher, more important</b>, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.63</span>; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>959</span> (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218d</span>; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι <span class="bibl">Th. 4.61</span>; merely of magnitude, <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν</b> one evil <b class="b2">greater than</b>another, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1365</span> (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>717b</span>. Adv., -τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>548c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Or.</span>4.132c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> = [[πρεσβευτής]], <b class="b2">ambassador</b>, in nom. sg. only cj. in <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>727</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβη</b>) and in Prov. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.4.394</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβις</b> (A)); gen. πρέσβεως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>93</span> (at end of line); πρέσβεος <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span> 1.233</span>: dual <b class="b3">πρέσβει</b> (written πρεσβε) <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, Dor. uncontr. <b class="b3">πρέσβεες</b> ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than <b class="b3">πρεσβευταί</b> (q. v.)), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., <span class="bibl">D.19.183</span>; acc. πρέσβεις <span class="title">IG</span>12.46.24, Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.13</span>; gen. <b class="b3">πρέσβεων</b>, dat. <b class="b3">πρέσβεσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>76</span>,<span class="bibl">62</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.7. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> at Sparta a political title, <b class="b2">president</b>, <b class="b3">τῶν ἐφόρων</b> ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; <b class="b3">νομοφυλάκων</b> ib.555b19; <b class="b3">βιδέων</b> ib.556.6; <b class="b3">συναρχίας</b> ib.504.16; <b class="b3">τῆς φυλῆς</b> ib.564.3; [<b class="b3">σφαιρέων</b>] ib.675.5; gen. sg. <b class="b3">πρέσβεως</b> ib. 504.16, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος</b>, <b class="b2">elder, alderman</b>, τῆς κώμης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 195.30</span> (ii A. D., pl.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>2121.4</span> (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>520.4</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>124.22</span>, <span class="bibl">36</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ</b> (<b class="b2">both</b>) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι <span class="title">OGI</span>194.3 (Egypt, i B. C.); <b class="b3">οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων</b> ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.); π. τῶν γεωργῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>13.5</span> (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι <span class="title">IGRom.</span>1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); <b class="b3">τέκτονες π</b>. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): <b class="b2">elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin</b>, Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, <b class="b2">elder of the Christian Church, presbyter</b>, Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>5.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1162.1</span> (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Jo.</span>1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span> <span class="title">Ep.Jo.</span>1.1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">wren</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>609a17</span>, <span class="bibl">615a19</span>, Hsch.; cf. <b class="b3">σπέργυς.</b> (<b class="b3">-βυ-</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">-γυ-</b> (in <b class="b3">πρεῖγυς</b>), cogn. with Skt. <b class="b2">-gu</b> in <b class="b2">vanar-gú-</b> 'one who lives or moves in the forest', Lith. <b class="b2">žmogùs</b> 'man' (lit. 'one who moves on the ground'); <b class="b3">πρεσ-</b> cogn. with Lat.<b class="b2">prae, pris-tinus;</b> the oldest sense of <b class="b3">π</b>. is 'going in front, taking precedence'.)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0699.png Seite 699]] ὁ, gen. υος u. εως, 1) <b class="b2">alt, der Alte</b>; vom sing. in dieser Bdtg nur nom., acc. u. voc. πρέσβυν u. πρέσβυ gebräuchlich (vgl. [[πρέσβα]] u. [[πρέσβειρα]], wonach die Ableitung Döderlein's von [[πρέπω]], der sich durch seine Würde auszeichnet, in die Augen fallend, ehrwürdig, viel für sich hat); ἐν βουλαῖς [[πρέσβυς]], Pind. P. 4, 282; ἡγεμὼν ὁ [[πρέσβυς]] νεῶν Ἀχαϊκῶν, Aesch. Ag. 177; [[ἄναξ]], 198. 516; Soph. Phil. 558. 661 u. öfter im nom., acc. u. voc., wie bei Eur. u. a. D. – Nach Arist. H. A. 9, 11 hieß so auch der Zaunkönig. – Häufiger im compar. u. superl., πρεσβύτερος, der ältere, πρεσβύτατος, der älteste; γενεῇ μὲν ὑπέρτερός ἐστιν [[Ἀχιλλεύς]], πρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι, Il. 11, 787, vgl. 15, 204; πρεσβύτατος γενεῇ, der Aelteste von Geburt, 6, 24; [[καί]] με πρεσβυτάτην τέκετο [[Κρόνος]], 4, 59, wie πρεσβύτατον ἔτεκεν Pind. Ol. 7, 74; πρεσβύτερος ἐνιαυτῷ, Ar. Ran. 18, u. so in Prosa nicht selten: ὡς πρεσβύτερος νεωτέροις, Plat. Prot. 320 c; πρεσβυτέρους τοὺς ἄρ χοντας δεῖ εἶναι, Rep. III, 412 c, u. sonst, τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ τῶν ἐκγόνων, Critia. 114 d, Xen. πρεσβύτεροι im Ggstz von παῖδες, Cyr. 1, 2, 2; Folgde überall; ὑπεξαναστῆναι πρεσβυτέρῳ, Plut. Lyc. 20. (Die Formen [[πρέσβιστος]] u. [[πρεσβίστατος]] s. oben besonders.) – Auch im plur. οἱ πρέσβεις, dat. πρέσβεσιν, die Alten, gew. mit dem Nebenbegriffe die Geehrten, Angesehenen; Aesch. Pers. 826; bei Hes. Sc. 245 πρέσβηες (s. ob. [[πρεσβεύς]]). – In der Bdtg <b class="b2">geehrt, ehrwürdig</b> compar. u. superlat. auch in Prosa; vgl. nihil antiquius habere, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ποιεῖσθαι ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, das die Gottheit Betreffende höher in Ehren halten, Her. 5, 63; πρεσβύτερον κακὸν κακοῦ, was größer, gewichtiger ist, Soph. O. R. 1364; πρεσβύτατον τοῦτο κρίνας, Thuc. 4, 61; ἐμοὶ [[οὐδέν]] ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον ἐμὲ [[γενέσθαι]], Plat. Conv. 218 d; χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα, Legg. IV, 717 d; u. adv., πρεσβυτέρως γυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι, Rep. VIII, 548 c, die Gymnastik in höheren Ehren halten als die Musik. – 2) <b class="b2">der Gesandte</b>, weil man dazu die Aeltesten und Angesehensten wählte; im sing. nur bei Dichtern, wie Aesch. Suppl. 708, [[ἴσως]] γὰρ [[κήρυξ]] τις ἢ [[πρέσβυς]] μόλοι; vgl. ὁ [[πρέσβυς]] [[οὔτε]] τύπτεται οὔθ' ὑβρίζεται, Schol. Il. 4, 394; gen. πρέσβεως, Ar. Ach. 93; in Prosa [[πρεσβευτής]]. – Im plur. οἱ πρέσβεις, τῶν πρέσβεων, auch in Prosa, Thuc. u. A., wie Plat. Rep. VIII, 560 d; Xen. u. sonst. – 3) In der spartanischen Verfassung hat auch der sing. ὁ [[πρέσβυς]], der Aelteste, eine politische Bedeutung und findet sich auch der gen. πρέσβεως dazu, Inscr. 1463. 1375. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
Pi.P.4.282, A.Ag.530, εως or εος (v. infr. 11), ὁ, voc.
A πρέσβῠ E.Or.476, Ar.Th.146:—old man (poet. for prose πρεσβύτης), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ π. Πόλυβος S.OT941; Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. Id.Ph.562; δριμὺς π. Ar.Av.255 (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν S.Ph.665; πρέσβυ Id.OT1013, 1121; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ π. the elder, A. Ag.184 (lyr.), 205 (lyr.), 530; cf. πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις: pl. πρέσβεις, elders, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. 111), A. Pers. 840, S.OT 1111, E.HF247; for πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες, v. πρεσβεύς: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα PLond.2.177.15 (i A. D.)), elder, Il.11.787, 15.204, Hdt.2.2, etc.; πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ by more than a year, Ar.Ra.18; πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ older than the fit number, Pi. Fr.127; βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι thy counsels wise beyond thy years, Id.P.2.65; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας D.H.5.30; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. Arist.EE1215a23; of animals, Id.HA546a7; ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν rather old, PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also δένδρα π. Thphr.CP1.13.8; ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι become older, Pl.Lg.631e; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι in my old age, PCair. Zen. 447.9 (iii B. C.): Sup. πρεσβύτατος, η, ον, eldest, Il.4.59, 11.740, Hes.Th.234, etc.; π. γενεῇ Il.6.24; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. Plu.Nic.15; of animals, Arist.HA546a4, al. : for the poet. forms πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος, v. πρέσβιστος, and cf. πρεῖγυς. 2 Comp. and Sup., of things, more or most important, taking precedence, esp. πρεσβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν) ἔχειν deem higher, more important, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν Hdt. 5.63; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας E.Fr.959 (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ . . Pl.Smp.218d; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι Th. 4.61; merely of magnitude, πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν one evil greater thananother, S.OT1365 (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα Pl.Lg.717b. Adv., -τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι Id.R.548c, cf. Jul. Or.4.132c. II = πρεσβευτής, ambassador, in nom. sg. only cj. in A. Supp.727 (v. πρέσβη) and in Prov. ap. Sch.Il.4.394 (v. πρέσβις (A)); gen. πρέσβεως Ar.Ach.93 (at end of line); πρέσβεος Choerob. in Theod. 1.233: dual πρέσβει (written πρεσβε) IG12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. πρέσβεις, Dor. uncontr. πρέσβεες ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than πρεσβευταί (q. v.)), Ar.Ach.61, IG12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., D.19.183; acc. πρέσβεις IG12.46.24, Foed. ap. Th.4.118, X.HG4.8.13; gen. πρέσβεων, dat. πρέσβεσι, Ar.Ach.76,62, IG22.1.7. III at Sparta a political title, president, τῶν ἐφόρων ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; νομοφυλάκων ib.555b19; βιδέων ib.556.6; συναρχίας ib.504.16; τῆς φυλῆς ib.564.3; [σφαιρέων] ib.675.5; gen. sg. πρέσβεως ib. 504.16, al. 2 Comp. πρεσβύτερος, elder, alderman, τῆς κώμης BGU 195.30 (ii A. D., pl.), cf. POxy.2121.4 (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. PCair.Zen.520.4 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ124.22, 36 (ii B. C.); τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ (both) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι OGI194.3 (Egypt, i B. C.); οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.); π. τῶν γεωργῶν PTeb.13.5 (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι IGRom.1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); τέκτονες π. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, elder of the Christian Church, presbyter, Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, 1 Ep.Ti.5.19, POxy.1162.1 (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, 2 Ep.Jo.1.1, 3 Ep.Jo.1.1. IV wren, Arist.HA609a17, 615a19, Hsch.; cf. σπέργυς. (-βυ-, Cret. -γυ- (in πρεῖγυς), cogn. with Skt. -gu in vanar-gú- 'one who lives or moves in the forest', Lith. žmogùs 'man' (lit. 'one who moves on the ground'); πρεσ- cogn. with Lat.prae, pris-tinus; the oldest sense of π. is 'going in front, taking precedence'.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 699] ὁ, gen. υος u. εως, 1) alt, der Alte; vom sing. in dieser Bdtg nur nom., acc. u. voc. πρέσβυν u. πρέσβυ gebräuchlich (vgl. πρέσβα u. πρέσβειρα, wonach die Ableitung Döderlein's von πρέπω, der sich durch seine Würde auszeichnet, in die Augen fallend, ehrwürdig, viel für sich hat); ἐν βουλαῖς πρέσβυς, Pind. P. 4, 282; ἡγεμὼν ὁ πρέσβυς νεῶν Ἀχαϊκῶν, Aesch. Ag. 177; ἄναξ, 198. 516; Soph. Phil. 558. 661 u. öfter im nom., acc. u. voc., wie bei Eur. u. a. D. – Nach Arist. H. A. 9, 11 hieß so auch der Zaunkönig. – Häufiger im compar. u. superl., πρεσβύτερος, der ältere, πρεσβύτατος, der älteste; γενεῇ μὲν ὑπέρτερός ἐστιν Ἀχιλλεύς, πρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι, Il. 11, 787, vgl. 15, 204; πρεσβύτατος γενεῇ, der Aelteste von Geburt, 6, 24; καί με πρεσβυτάτην τέκετο Κρόνος, 4, 59, wie πρεσβύτατον ἔτεκεν Pind. Ol. 7, 74; πρεσβύτερος ἐνιαυτῷ, Ar. Ran. 18, u. so in Prosa nicht selten: ὡς πρεσβύτερος νεωτέροις, Plat. Prot. 320 c; πρεσβυτέρους τοὺς ἄρ χοντας δεῖ εἶναι, Rep. III, 412 c, u. sonst, τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ τῶν ἐκγόνων, Critia. 114 d, Xen. πρεσβύτεροι im Ggstz von παῖδες, Cyr. 1, 2, 2; Folgde überall; ὑπεξαναστῆναι πρεσβυτέρῳ, Plut. Lyc. 20. (Die Formen πρέσβιστος u. πρεσβίστατος s. oben besonders.) – Auch im plur. οἱ πρέσβεις, dat. πρέσβεσιν, die Alten, gew. mit dem Nebenbegriffe die Geehrten, Angesehenen; Aesch. Pers. 826; bei Hes. Sc. 245 πρέσβηες (s. ob. πρεσβεύς). – In der Bdtg geehrt, ehrwürdig compar. u. superlat. auch in Prosa; vgl. nihil antiquius habere, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ποιεῖσθαι ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, das die Gottheit Betreffende höher in Ehren halten, Her. 5, 63; πρεσβύτερον κακὸν κακοῦ, was größer, gewichtiger ist, Soph. O. R. 1364; πρεσβύτατον τοῦτο κρίνας, Thuc. 4, 61; ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον ἐμὲ γενέσθαι, Plat. Conv. 218 d; χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα, Legg. IV, 717 d; u. adv., πρεσβυτέρως γυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι, Rep. VIII, 548 c, die Gymnastik in höheren Ehren halten als die Musik. – 2) der Gesandte, weil man dazu die Aeltesten und Angesehensten wählte; im sing. nur bei Dichtern, wie Aesch. Suppl. 708, ἴσως γὰρ κήρυξ τις ἢ πρέσβυς μόλοι; vgl. ὁ πρέσβυς οὔτε τύπτεται οὔθ' ὑβρίζεται, Schol. Il. 4, 394; gen. πρέσβεως, Ar. Ach. 93; in Prosa πρεσβευτής. – Im plur. οἱ πρέσβεις, τῶν πρέσβεων, auch in Prosa, Thuc. u. A., wie Plat. Rep. VIII, 560 d; Xen. u. sonst. – 3) In der spartanischen Verfassung hat auch der sing. ὁ πρέσβυς, der Aelteste, eine politische Bedeutung und findet sich auch der gen. πρέσβεως dazu, Inscr. 1463. 1375.
