μάχαιρα: Difference between revisions
κύματα θαρσαλέως ποντοπόρει βιότου → the waves of life make bold furrows, travel boldly over the waves of life
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|Definition=[<b class="b3">μᾰ], ας</b> (later -ης, dat. -ῃ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>16.14</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>21.24</span>, etc.), ἡ, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">large knife</b> or <b class="b2">dirk</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.844</span>, <span class="bibl">18.597</span>, <span class="bibl">19.252</span>; μ. ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο <span class="bibl">3.271</span>; <b class="b2">carving-knife</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 1.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>489</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>353a</span>, etc.; κοπίδες μ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>242</span>; <b class="b2">sacrificial knife</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 948</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.91</span>, <span class="title">Michel</span>832.52 (Samos, iv B. C.):—<b class="b3">ἡ Δελφικὴ μ</b>. a knife adapted to various purposes, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b2</span>, cf. Hsch. s.v. [[Δελφικὴ μ]].; prov., of greedy persons, because Delphian sacrificers claimed a share for the knife, <span class="title">App.Prov.</span> 1.94. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> as a weapon, <b class="b2">short sword, dagger</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.75</span>, <span class="bibl">7.225</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.13.87</span>, etc.; an assassin's weapon, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.69</span>; used by jugglers, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>294e</span> (pl.), etc.; later, <b class="b2">sabre</b>, opp. the straight sword (ξίφος), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>12.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>3.3.7</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.52</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς μ</b>., of a bodyguard, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.30.7</span>; but, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μ. τασσόμενοι</b> possessing power of life and death (<b class="b2">jus gladii), Cat.Cod. Astr</b>.<span class="bibl">8(4).173</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἱππική</b> cavalry <b class="b2">sabre</b>, IG11(2).161 <span class="title">B</span>99 (Delos, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">μ. κουρίδες</b>, <b class="b2">shears</b> or <b class="b2">scissors</b>, <span class="bibl">Cratin.37</span>; <b class="b3">κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾶ μ</b>., i.e. with one <b class="b2">blade</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>849</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.2.32</span> (where <b class="b3">διπλῇ</b> is f.l.), Hsch. s.v. [[μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ; μ. κουρικαί]] <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> metaph., διὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ πυρός <span class="bibl">Zen.3.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Posidipp.1.10</span>; μ. τοῦ πνεύματος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>6.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>49.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> name of a precious stone, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>847a5</span>, Ps.-Plu.<span class="title">Fluv.</span>10.5. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> part of the liver, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>180</span>.</span> | |Definition=[<b class="b3">μᾰ], ας</b> (later -ης, dat. -ῃ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>16.14</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>21.24</span>, etc.), ἡ, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">large knife</b> or <b class="b2">dirk</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.844</span>, <span class="bibl">18.597</span>, <span class="bibl">19.252</span>; μ. ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο <span class="bibl">3.271</span>; <b class="b2">carving-knife</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 1.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>489</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>353a</span>, etc.; κοπίδες μ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>242</span>; <b class="b2">sacrificial knife</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 948</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.91</span>, <span class="title">Michel</span>832.52 (Samos, iv B. C.):—<b class="b3">ἡ Δελφικὴ μ</b>. a knife adapted to various purposes, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b2</span>, cf. Hsch. s.v. [[Δελφικὴ μ]].; prov., of greedy persons, because Delphian sacrificers claimed a share for the knife, <span class="title">App.Prov.</span> 1.94. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> as a weapon, <b class="b2">short sword, dagger</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.75</span>, <span class="bibl">7.225</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.13.87</span>, etc.; an assassin's weapon, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.69</span>; used by jugglers, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>294e</span> (pl.), etc.; later, <b class="b2">sabre</b>, opp. the straight sword (ξίφος), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>12.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>3.3.7</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.52</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς μ</b>., of a bodyguard, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.30.7</span>; but, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μ. τασσόμενοι</b> possessing power of life and death (<b class="b2">jus gladii), Cat.Cod. Astr</b>.<span class="bibl">8(4).173</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἱππική</b> cavalry <b class="b2">sabre</b>, IG11(2).161 <span class="title">B</span>99 (Delos, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">μ. κουρίδες</b>, <b class="b2">shears</b> or <b class="b2">scissors</b>, <span class="bibl">Cratin.37</span>; <b class="b3">κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾶ μ</b>., i.e. with one <b class="b2">blade</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>849</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.2.32</span> (where <b class="b3">διπλῇ</b> is f.l.), Hsch. s.v. [[μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ; μ. κουρικαί]] <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> metaph., διὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ πυρός <span class="bibl">Zen.3.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Posidipp.1.10</span>; μ. τοῦ πνεύματος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>6.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>49.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> name of a precious stone, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>847a5</span>, Ps.-Plu.<span class="title">Fluv.</span>10.5. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> part of the liver, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>180</span>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0101.png Seite 101]] ἡ (mit [[μάχη]] zusammenhangend), bei Hom. nur ein großes Schlachtmesser, wie nach Aristarch. (Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 89) in den Schol. bemerkt wird, welches nach Il. 3, 271, ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν, ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰέν [[ἄωρτο]], ἀρνῶν ἐκ κεφαλέων τάμνε τρίχας, neben der Schwertscheide hing und beim Schlachten der Opferthiere gebraucht wird, wie Il. 19, 252, auch dazu dient, den in der Hüfte steckenden Pfeil herauszuschneiden, 11, 844; deshalb verwarf Aristarch. die Verse Il. 18, 597, wo es von Tänzern heißt οἱ δὲ μαχαίρας εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων, doch konnten ja die Tänzer eben Messer, Dolche statt der Schwerter führen, vgl. Spitzner zur Stelle. Ein Messer zum Zerlegen des Fleisches ist es Her. 2, 61, vgl. 41; wie es der Koch hat, Dem. 25, 46. So Pind. μαχαίρᾳ τάμον κάτα [[μέλη]], Ol. 1, 49, wie Φρίξου μάχαιραι, P. 4, 242; [[ὀξύστομος]], Eur. Suppl. 1205; [[οὐκοῦν]] κοπίδας θήξεις μα χαίρας, Cycl. 241; τὰ μέτωπα κόπτονται μαχαίρῃσι, Her. 2, 61; ein Schwert ist es 7, 225; μαχαίρᾳ ἂν ἀμπέλου [[κλῆμα]] ἀποτέμοις, Plat. Rep. I, 353 a; von einem Tanze der Kunstspringer ἐς μαχαίρας κυβιστᾶν Euthyd. 294 e, wie Xen. Hem. 1, 3, 9, wo man an kleinere Dolche zu denken hat. Xen. de re equ. 12, 11 macht einen Unterschied zwischen [[ξίφος]] u. [[μάχαιρα]] u. nennt letztere auch [[κοπίς]], sie ist leicht gekrümmt, zum Hiebe besser geeignet als das gerade, zum Stich gebrauchte [[ξίφος]]; so Sp. – Bei Ar. Ach. 814, κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ, scheint es das Scheermesser zu bedeuten; μ. [[κουρίς]] Cratin. bei Poll. 10, 140, κουρική Plut. Dion. 9; – [[διπλῆ]] [[μάχαιρα]] ist die Scheere, Poll. 2, 32, vgl. [[μαχαιρίς]]. – Bei Plut. de fluv. 10, 5 auch der Name eines Steines. | |||
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Revision as of 19:19, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[μᾰ], ας (later -ης, dat. -ῃ, PTeb.16.14 (ii B. C.), Ev.Luc.21.24, etc.), ἡ,
A large knife or dirk, Il.11.844, 18.597, 19.252; μ. ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο 3.271; carving-knife, Pi.O. 1.49, Hdt.2.61, Ar.Eq.489, Pl.R.353a, etc.; κοπίδες μ. E.Cyc.242; sacrificial knife, Ar.Pax 948, Pl.Com.91, Michel832.52 (Samos, iv B. C.):—ἡ Δελφικὴ μ. a knife adapted to various purposes, Arist. Pol.1252b2, cf. Hsch. s.v. Δελφικὴ μ.; prov., of greedy persons, because Delphian sacrificers claimed a share for the knife, App.Prov. 1.94. 2 as a weapon, short sword, dagger, Pi.N.4.59, Hdt.6.75, 7.225, Lys.13.87, etc.; an assassin's weapon, Antipho 5.69; used by jugglers, Pl.Euthd.294e (pl.), etc.; later, sabre, opp. the straight sword (ξίφος), X.Eq.12.11, cf. HG3.3.7, Cyr.1.2.13, Ev.Matt.26.52, etc.; οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς μ., of a bodyguard, Arr.Epict.1.30.7; but, ἐπὶ μ. τασσόμενοι possessing power of life and death (jus gladii), Cat.Cod. Astr.8(4).173; μ. ἱππική cavalry sabre, IG11(2).161 B99 (Delos, iii B. C.). 3 μ. κουρίδες, shears or scissors, Cratin.37; κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾶ μ., i.e. with one blade, Ar.Ach.849, cf. Poll.2.32 (where διπλῇ is f.l.), Hsch. s.v. μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ; μ. κουρικαί Plu.Dio9. 4 metaph., διὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ πυρός Zen.3.19, cf. Posidipp.1.10; μ. τοῦ πνεύματος Ep.Eph.6.17, cf. LXX Is.49.2. II name of a precious stone, Arist.Mir.847a5, Ps.-Plu.Fluv.10.5. III part of the liver, Ruf.Onom.180.
German (Pape)
[Seite 101] ἡ (mit μάχη zusammenhangend), bei Hom. nur ein großes Schlachtmesser, wie nach Aristarch. (Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 89) in den Schol. bemerkt wird, welches nach Il. 3, 271, ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν, ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰέν ἄωρτο, ἀρνῶν ἐκ κεφαλέων τάμνε τρίχας, neben der Schwertscheide hing und beim Schlachten der Opferthiere gebraucht wird, wie Il. 19, 252, auch dazu dient, den in der Hüfte steckenden Pfeil herauszuschneiden, 11, 844; deshalb verwarf Aristarch. die Verse Il. 18, 597, wo es von Tänzern heißt οἱ δὲ μαχαίρας εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων, doch konnten ja die Tänzer eben Messer, Dolche statt der Schwerter führen, vgl. Spitzner zur Stelle. Ein Messer zum Zerlegen des Fleisches ist es Her. 2, 61, vgl. 41; wie es der Koch hat, Dem. 25, 46. So Pind. μαχαίρᾳ τάμον κάτα μέλη, Ol. 1, 49, wie Φρίξου μάχαιραι, P. 4, 242; ὀξύστομος, Eur. Suppl. 1205; οὐκοῦν κοπίδας θήξεις μα χαίρας, Cycl. 241; τὰ μέτωπα κόπτονται μαχαίρῃσι, Her. 2, 61; ein Schwert ist es 7, 225; μαχαίρᾳ ἂν ἀμπέλου κλῆμα ἀποτέμοις, Plat. Rep. I, 353 a; von einem Tanze der Kunstspringer ἐς μαχαίρας κυβιστᾶν Euthyd. 294 e, wie Xen. Hem. 1, 3, 9, wo man an kleinere Dolche zu denken hat. Xen. de re equ. 12, 11 macht einen Unterschied zwischen ξίφος u. μάχαιρα u. nennt letztere auch κοπίς, sie ist leicht gekrümmt, zum Hiebe besser geeignet als das gerade, zum Stich gebrauchte ξίφος; so Sp. – Bei Ar. Ach. 814, κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ, scheint es das Scheermesser zu bedeuten; μ. κουρίς Cratin. bei Poll. 10, 140, κουρική Plut. Dion. 9; – διπλῆ μάχαιρα ist die Scheere, Poll. 2, 32, vgl. μαχαιρίς. – Bei Plut. de fluv. 10, 5 auch der Name eines Steines.
