ἐπί

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Thess. (before τ)

   A ἐτ IG9(2).517.14 (iii B. C.), Prep. with gen., dat., and acc., to denote the being upon or supported upon a surface or point.    A WITH GEN.:    I of Place,    1 with Verbs of Rest, upon, καθέζετ' ἐ. θρόνου Il.1.536; ἧστο . . ὑψοῦ ἐπ' ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς 13.12; ἐ. πύργου ἔστη 16.700; κεῖται ἐ. χθονός 20.345: without a Verb expressed, ἔγχεα ὄρθ' ἐ. σαυρωτῆρος (sc. σταθέντα) ἐλήλατο 10.153; ἔκλαγξαν ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ' ὤμων the arrows on his shoulders, 1.46; ἐ. γῆς, opp. ὑπὸ γῆς, Pl.Lg.728a: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, as on a chariot, a horse, a ship, φεύγωμεν ἐφ' ἵππων on our chariot, Il.24.356; οὐκ ἂν ἐφ' ὑμετέρων ὀχέων . . ἵκεσθον 8.455; ἄγαγε . . δῶρ' ἐπ' ἀπήνης 24.447; ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης . . ὠχέετο Hdt.1.31; ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ὀχεῖσθαι X.Cyr.4.5.58; οὓς κῆρες φορέουσι . . ἐ. νηῶν Il.8.528; πέμπειν τινὰς ἐ. τριήροιν X.HG5.4.56, etc.; ἐπ' ὤμου . . φέρειν Od.10.170; τὴν κλεῖδα περιφέρειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ to carry the key about on his person, Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.7; βαδιοῦνται ἐ. δυοῖν σκελοῖν, ἐφ' ἑνὸς πορεύσονται σκέλους, Pl.Smp.190d; ἐπ' ἄκρων ὁδοιπορεῖν walk on tiptoe, S.Aj.1230; of places, upon, if the place is an actual support, νέρθε κἀπὶ γῆς ἄνω Id.OT416; ἐ. τοῦ εὐωνύμον on the left, ἐ. τῶν πλευρῶν on the flanks, X.An.1.8.9,3.2.36; but most freq., in, rarely in Hom., ἐπ' ἀγροῦ in the country. Od. 1.190; γᾶς ἐ. ξένας S.OC1705 (lyr.); νήσου τῆσδ' ἐφ' ἧς ναίει Id.Ph. 613; ἐ. ξένας δμωῒς ἐπ' ἀλλοτρίας πόλεος E.Andr.137 (lyr.); οἱ ἐ. Θρᾴκης σύμμαχοι Th.5.35; τοὺς ἐ. τῆς Ἀσίας κατοικοῦντας Isoc.12.103; ἐπ' οἰκήματος κατίσαι, καθῆσθαι, in a brothel, Hdt.2.121.έ, Pl. Chrm.163b; τοὺς ἐ. τῶν οἰκημάτων καθεζομένους Aeschin.1.74; ἐ. τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καθίζειν Isoc.7.15; μένειν ἐ. τῆς αὐτῶν (sc. χώρας) remain in statu quo, Indut. ap. Th.4.118; οἱ ἐπ' ἐρημίας λῃστεύοντες Jul. Or.7.210a; later of towns, ἐπ' Ἀλεξανδρείας BGU908.16 (ii A.D.), etc.; sts. also, at or near, ἐπ' αὐτάων (sc. τῶν πηγῶν) Il.22.153; κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Ποσιδηΐου Hdt.7.115; αἱ ἐ. Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι off Lemnos, ib.6 codd.; τὰ ἐ. Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward region, Th.1.59, cf. IG12.45.17, etc.; ποταμοὶ ἐφ' ὧν ἔξεστιν ἡμῖν ταμιεύεσθαι .. on, i.e. near which... X.An.2.5.18; ἐ. τῶν τραπεζῶν at the money-changers' tables, Pl.Ap.17c; in Geom., αἱ ἐφ' ὧν AA BB [γραμμαί] the lines AA BB, Arist.EN1132b6, etc.; ἕλιξ ἐφ' ἇς τὰ ΑΒΓΔ a spiral ABCD, Archim.Spir.13 (cf. B.1.1k); also ἐ. τοῦ βάτου in the passage concerning the bush, Ev.Marc.12.26.    2 in various relations not strictly local, μένειν ἐ. τῆς ἀρχῆς remain in the command, X.Ages.1.37; μένειν ἐ. τινος abide by it, D.4.9; ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων, ἐ. τοῦ πολεμεῖν εἶναι, to be engaged in .., Id.15.11, Prooem.1; ἐ. ὀνόματος εἶναι bear a name, Id.39.21; ἔχεται πόλις ἐ. νόσου S.Ant.1141 (lyr.).    b of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ' ἀγκύρας ride at (i.e. in dependence upon an) anchor, Hdt.7.188; ἐ. προσπόλου μιᾶς χωρεῖν dependent upon an attendant, S.OC746.    c with the personal and reflexive Pron., once in Hom., εὔχεσθε . . σιγῇ ἐφ' ὑμείων Il.7.195; later mostly with 3rd pers., ἐπ' ἑωυτῶν κεῖσθαι by themselves, Hdt.2.2, cf. 8.32; οἰκέειν κώμην Id.5.98; ἐ. σφῶν αὐτῶν αὐτόνομοι οἰκεῖν Th.2.63; ἵζεσθαι Hdt.9.17; ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν πλεῖν Th.8.8; ἐπ' ὑμέων αὐτῶν βαλέσθαι consider it by yourselves, Hdt.3.71, etc.; αὐτὴ ἐφ' αὑτῆς σκοποῦσα Th.6.40; ἐφ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν τὸν ἐξετασμὸν ποιεῖσθαι D.18.16; ἐπ' ἑωυτῶν διαλέγονται speak in a dialect of their own, Hdt. 1.142; also αὐτοὶ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν χωρεῖν X. An.2.4.10; πράττειν Pl.Prt.326d, cf. Sph.217c; τὸ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν μόνον προορώμενοι considering their own interest only, th.1.17.    d with numerals, to denote the depth of a body of soldiers, ἐ. τεττάρων ταχφῆναι to be drawn up four deep, four in file, X.An.1.2.15, etc.; ἐ. πεντήκοντα ἀσπίδων συνεστραμμένοι, of the Thebansat Leuctra, Id.HG 6.4.12; ἐπ' ὀλίγων τεταγμένοι, i.e. in a long thin line, Id.An.4.8.11; οὐκ ἐπ' ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων στρατιὰν παρατεταγμένην Th.7.79; ἐφ' ἑνὸς ἄγειν in single file, X.Cyr.2.4.2, cf. An.5.2.6; rarely of the length of the line, ἐ. τεσσάρων ταξάμενοι τὰς ναῦς Th.2.90; in X., ἐγένοντο τὸ μέτωπον ἐ. τριακοσίων . . τὸ δὲ βάθος ἐφ' ἑκατόν Cyr.2.4.2; πλεῖν ἐ. κέρως, ἐ. κέρας, v. infr. c.1.3; ἐ. φάλαγγος γίγνεται τὸ στράτευμα is formed in column, An.4.6.6, etc. (but in E.Ph.1467, ἀσπίδων ἔπι is merely in or under arms): hence, generally, ἐ. ὀκτὼ πλίνθων τὸ εὖρος eight bricks wide, X.An.7.8.14.    e c. gen. pers., before, in presence of, ἐ. μαρτύρων . . πράσσεταί τι Antipho 2.3.8; ἐξελέγχεσθαι ἐ. πάντων D.25.36; so, before a magistrate or official, ἐ. τοῦ στρατηγοῦ POxy. 38.11 (i A.D.), cf. UPZ71.15 (ii B.C.), Ev.Matt.28.14; γράψομαί σε ἐ. Ῥαδαμάνθυος Luc.Cat.18; τινὰ εἰς δίκην καὶ κρίσιν ἐ. τῶν στρατοπέδων προκαλεῖν Jul.Or.1.30d; πίστεις δοῦναι ἐ. θεῶν D.H.5.29; but ἐπὶ δικασταῖς is f.l. in D.19.243 (leg. ἔπη).    f with Verbs of perceiving, observing, judging, etc., in the case of, ἐπὶ νούσων παντοίων ἐπύθοντο Emp.112.10; ὁρᾶν τι ἐ. τινος X.Mem.3.9.3; αἰσθάνεσθαί τι ἐ. τινος Pl.R.406c, etc.; τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν ἐ. τινος Hyp.Eux.32; τὰ συμβόλαια ἐ. τῶν νόμων σκοπεῖν D.18.210; ἐπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων ἂν ἐσκόπει ib.233, cf. 25.2 (v.l.); ἐφ' ἑνός τι παριδεῖν Lycurg.64; τὰς ἐναντιώσεις ἐ. μὲν τῶν λόγων τηροῦντες, ἐ. δὲ τῶν ἔργων μὴ καθορῶντες Isoc.13.7; οὐδεὶς ἐφ' αὑτοῦ τὰ κακὰ συνορᾷ Men.631; ἀγνοεῖν τι ἐ. τινος X.Mem.2.3.2; also with Verbs of speaking, on a subject, λέγειν ἐ. τινος Pl.Chrm.155d, R.524e, etc.; ἐπιδεῖξαί τι ἐ. τινος Isoc.8.109; ἵνα τοὺς ἐπαίνους ἐπ' αὐτῶν κοινοὺς ποιήσωμαι D.60.12.    3 implying Motion:    a where the sense of motion is lost in the sense of being supported, ὀρθωθεὶς . . ἐπ' ἀγκῶνος having raised himself upon his elbow, Il.10.80; ἐ. μελίης . . ἐρεισθείς 22.225; τὴν μὲν . . καθεῖσεν ἐ. θρόνου 18.389.    b in a pregnant sense, denoting the goal of motion (cf. εἰς A.1.2, ἐν A.1.8), νῆα . . ἐπ' ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν drew the ship upon the land and left it there, 1.485; περάαν νήσων ἔπι carry to the islands and leave there, 21.454, cf.22.45; ἐ. τῆς γῆς καταπίπτειν X.Cyr.4.5.54; ἀναβῆναι ἐ. τῶν πύργων ib.7.1.39; ἐπ' Ἀβύδου ἀφικομέναις Th.8.79 (v.l.); freq. of motion towards or (in a military sense) upon a place, προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐ. νηῶν Il.5.700; τρέσσε . . ἐφ' ὁμίλου 11.546 (but νήσου ἔ. Ψυρίης νέεσθαι to go near Psyria, Od.3.171); ἐπ' οἴκου ἀπελαύνειν, ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρεῖν, homewards, Hdt.2.121.δ, Th.1.30,87, etc.; also with names of places, ἰέναι ἐ. Κυζίκου Hdt.4.14; πλεῖν ἐ. Χίου Id.1.164, cf. 168; ἀποπλεῖν ἐπ' αἰγύπτου ib. 1; ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἐ. Θεσσαλίης Id.5.64; ὁ κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Παγασέων φέρων the bay that leads to Pagasae, Id.7.193; ἡ ἐ. βαβυλῶνος ὁδός the road leading to B., X.Cyr. 5.3.45, cf.An.6.3.24.    c metaph., ἐ. γνώμης τινὸς γίγνεσθαι come to an opinion, D.4.7; ἐπ' ἐλπίδος γενέσθαι Plu.Sol.14; ὡς ἐ. κινδύνου as if to meet danger, Th.6.34; ἐ. τοῦ ἀλύπως ζῆν with a view to .., Pl.Prt. 358b; cf. infr. B. 111.2.    II of Time, in the time of, ἐ. προτέρων ἀνθρώπων Il.5.637,23.332; ἐ. Κρόνου Hes.Op.111; ἐ. Κέκροπος, ἐ. Δαρείου, etc., Hdt.8.44,6.98, etc.; ἐ. τῶν τριάκοντα Lys.13.2; ὀλιγαρχία ἡ ἐ. τῶν τετρακοσίων καταστᾶσα Isoc.8.108; ἐ. τούτου τυραννεύοντος, ἐ. Λέοντος βασιλεύοντος, ἐ. Μήδων ἀρχόντων, etc., Hdt.1.15,65, 134, etc.; ἐ. τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας Isoc.3.32; ἐπ' ἐμεῦ in my time, Hdt.1.5, 2.46, etc.; ἡ εἰρήνη ἡ ἐπ' Ἀνταλκίδου D.20.54, cf. X.HG5.1.36; αἱ ἐπ' Ἀσδρούβα γενόμεναι ὁμολογίαι Plb.3.15.5; ἐπ' εἰρήνης in time of peace, Il.2.797, 9.403; ἐπ' ἐμῆς νεότητος Ar.Ach.211 (lyr.); ἐ. Λάχητος καὶ τοῦ προτέρου πολέμου Th.6.6; ἐπ' ἡμέρης ἑκάστης v.l. for -ῃ -τῃ in Hdt.5.117.    b later ἐ. δείπνου at dinner, Luc.Asin.3; ἐ. τῆς τραπέζης, ἐφ' ἑκάστης κύλικος, Plu.Alex.23; ἐ. τῆς κύλικος, ἐ. τοῦ ποτηρίου, Luc.Pisc.34, Plu.Alex.53.    III in various causal senses:    1 over, of persons in authority, ἐπ' οὗ ἐτάχθημεν Hdt.5.109; οἱ ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων the public officers, D.18.247; freq. in forged decrees, ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός ib.38; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, τῶν ἱππέων, ib.116; ὁ ἐ. τῆς διοικήσεως ib.38 (but cf. c. 111.3); τοῦ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν is f.l. in Lys. 32.5; ὁ ἐ. τῆς χώρας στρατηγός Plu.Phoc.32; οἱ ἐ. τῶν σιτοποιῶν καὶ μαγείρων Id.Alex.23; ὁ ἐ. τοῦ οἴνου Id.Pyrrh.5; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ἐπιστολῶν τοῦ Ὄθωνος, = Lat. ab epistulis, his secretary, Id.Oth.9; cf. B. 111.6.    2 κεκλῆσθαι ἐ. τινος to be called after him, Hdt.4.45; ἐ. τινος μετονομασθῆναι Id.1.94: ἐ. τινος τὰς ἐπωνυμίας ἔχειν Id.4.107; ἐ. τινος ἐπώνυμος γίγνεσθαι ib.184; also ἐπ' ὀνόματος καλεῖν Plb.5.35.2.    3 of occasions, circumstances, and conditions, οὐκ ἐ. τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐ. πάντων, on all occasions, D.21.38, cf. 183; ἐφ' ἑκάστων Pl.Phlb.25e; ἐφ' ἑκατέρου Id.Tht.159c; ἐφ' ἑκάστης μαντείας D.21.54; ἐπ' ἐξουσίας καὶ πλούτου πονηρὸν εἶναι in .. ib.138; ἐ. τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος ib.72, cf. 18.17; τὴν ἐ. τῆς πομπῆς καὶ τοῦ μεθύειν πρόφασιν λαβών Id.21.180; ἐ. σχολῆς Aeschin.3.191; ἐπ' ἀδείας Plu. Sol.22; ἐπ' ἀληθείας Ev.Marc.12.14, POxy.255.16 (i A.D.): hence in adverbial phrases, ἐπ' ἴσας (sc. μοίρας) equally, S.El.1062 (lyr.); ἐ. καιροῦ D.20.90; ἐπ' ἐσχάτων at the last, LXXDe.17.7 (v.l. ἐσχάτῳ) ; ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος for the present, SIG543.6 (Epist. Philipp.).    4 in respect of, ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων Arist.Pol.1280a17, cf. EN1131b18; concerning, τὰ ἐπ' αὐτῶν ἐνεστηκότα PTeb.7.6 (ii B. C.).    B WITH DAT.:    I of Place, upon, just like the gen. (hence Poets use whichever case suits the metre, whereas in Prose the dat. is more freq.):    1 with Verbs of Rest, ἕζεο τῷδ' ἐ. δίφρῳ Il.6.354; ἧντ' ἐ. πύργῳ 3.153; στῆ δ' ἐ. . . νηΐ 8.222; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι X.An.1.8.27; καίειν ἐ. πᾶσι (sc. βωμοῖς) Il.8.240; ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐ. στήθεσσι 4.420; ἐ. χθονὶ δέρκεσθαι 1.88, etc.: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, νηυσὶν ἐπ' ὠκυπόροισιν ἔβαινον 2.351 (v.l. for ἐν) ; ἐπ' ὤμοις φέρειν E.Ph.1131 (but ἐφ' ἵππῳ, ἐφ' ἵπποις and the like are never used for ἐφ' ἵππου, etc.); of places, mostly in, ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ Hdt.5.77; τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ πέργαμα S.Ph.353; ἐπ' ἐσχάτοις τόποις Id.Tr.1100; ἐ. τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνομαι Id.Ant.317; also, at or near, ἐ. κρήνῃ Od.13.408; ἐ. θύρῃσι Il.2.788, etc.; of rivers, etc., by, beside, ἐ. ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι . . 7.133, etc.; ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ Od.7.160; ἐ. νηυσί Il.1.559, etc.; of persons, οὐ τἀπὶ Λυδοῖς οὐδ' ἐπ' Ὀμφάλῃ λατρεύματα in Lydia, in the power of O., S.Tr.356.    b on or over, ἐπ' Ἰφιδάμαντι over the body of Iphidamas, Il.11.261, cf. 4.470; τοιόνδ' ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ κομπάζεις λόγον A.Ag.1400; also, over or in honour of, ἐ. σοὶ κατέθηκε . . ἄεθλα Od.24.91; [βοῦς] ἐ. Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν Il. 23.776; κειράμενοι χαίτας ἐπ' Ἀδώνιδι Bion 1.81, cf. Lys.2.80; in Dor. and Aeol.sepulchral Inscrr., Schwyzer 348,al.    c in hostile sense, against, Hdt.1.61,6.74, 88, S.Ph.1139 (lyr.), etc.; as a check upon, οἱ πρόβουλοι καθεστᾶσιν ἐ. τοῖς βουλευταῖς Arist.Pol.1299b37, cf. 1271a39; also, towards, in reference to, ἐ. πᾶσι χόλον τελέσαι Il.4.178; ἐπ' ἔργοις πᾶσι S.OC1268; δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπ' ἄλλῳ ἔσσεαι Il.19.181, cf. S.Tr.994 (anap.), etc.; ἐ. τοῖς δυνατοῖς ἔχειν τὴν γνώμην Democr. 191; τὸ ἐ. πᾶσιν τοῖς σώμασι κάλλος extending over all bodies, Pl. Smp.210b; ἡ [παιδεία] ἡ ἐ. σώμασι, ἐ. ψυχῇ, Id.R.376e; τἀπὶ σοὶ κακά the ills which lie upon thee, S.Ph.806: in Att. also, νόμον τίθεσθαι, θεῖναι ἐ. τινι, make a law for his case, whether for or against, Pl.Grg. 488d, Lexap.And.1.87; νόμους ἀναγράψαι ἐ. τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι D.24.5; νόμος κεῖται ἐ. τινι ib.70; τἀπὶ τῷ πλήθει νενομοθετημένα ib.123, cf. 142; τί θεσμοποιεῖς ἐ. ταλαιπώρῳ νεκρῷ; E.Ph.1645.    d. of accumulation, upon, after, ὄγχνη ἐπ' ὄγχνῃ one pear after another, pear on pear, Od.7.120; ἐ. κέρδεϊ κέρδος Hes.Op.644; ἄτη ἑτέρα ἐπ' ἄτῃ A. Ch.404 (lyr.); πήματα ἐ. πήμασι, ἐ. νόσῳ νόσος, S.Ant.595, OC544 (both lyr.).    e. in addition to, over and above, besides, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ' ἐ. εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν Od.17.454, cf. 308; ἄλλα τε πόλλ' ἐ. τῇσι παρίσχομεν Il.9.639, cf. Od.22.264; ἐ. τοῖσι besides, 24.277; ἐ. τούτοις Him.Or.14.10; so of Numerals, τρισχιλίους ἐ. μυρίοις Plu.Publ.20, cf. Jul.Or.4.148c, etc.; γυναῖκ' ἐφ' ἡμῖν . . ἔχει E.Med.694: with Verbs of eating and drinking, with, ἐ. τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ X.Cyr.6.2.27; νέκταρ ποτίσαι ἐπ' ἀμβροσίᾳ Pl.Phdr.247e; esp. of a relish, κάρδαμον μόνον ἐ. τῷ σίτῳ ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.11; παίειν ἐφ' ἁλὶ τὰν μᾶδδαν Ar.Ach.835: metaph., ἐ. τῷ φάγοις ἥδιστ' ἄν; ἐ. βαλλαντίῳ; Id.Eq.707; later ἐ. γογγυλίσι διαβιῶναι live on turnips, Ath.10.419a.    f. of position, after,behind, of soldiers, X.Cyr.8.3.16-18.    g. in dependence upon, in the power of, τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κεῖται Pi.P.8.76; ἐ. τινί ἐστι it is in his power to do, c.inf., Hdt.8.29, etc.; ἐ. σοί ἐστιν ἀναζωπυρεῖν M.Ant.7.2; ἐ. ἑτέροις γίγνεσθαι Th.6.22; ἐ. τῷ πλήθει in their hands, S.OC66, cf. Th.2.84; τὸ ἐπ' ἐμοί, τὸ ἐ. ἐκείνῳ, etc., as far as is in my power, etc., X. Cyr.5.4.11, Isoc.4.142, etc.; τὸ ἐ. τούτοις εἶναι Lys.28.14; ἐ. τοῖς υἱάσι their property, Leg.Gort.4.37.    h. according to, ἐ. τοῖς νόμοις Lexap.D. 24.56; ἐ. πᾶσι δικαίοις ποιούμεθα τοὺς λόγους Id.20.88; ἐ. προφάσει θηρός S.Tr.662 codd.(lyr.).    i. of condition or circumstances in which one is, ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐ. ἔργῳ Il.4.175, etc.; ἐπ' ἀρρήτοις λόγοις S.Ant.556; ἐπ' ἀσφάκτοις μήλοισι E.Ion 228 (lyr.); ταύταις ἐ. συντυχίαις Pi.P.1.36; ἐπ' εὐπραξίᾳ S.OC1554; ἐ. τῷ παρόντι Th.2.36; ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ λαβεῖν, v. αὐτόφωρος; also ἐ. τῷ δείπνῳ at dinner, X.Cyr.1.3.12, Thphr.Char. 3.2; ἐ. τῇ κύλικι Pl.Smp.214b; ἐ. θαλίαις E.Med.192 (anap.).    k. Geom., of the point, etc., at which letters are written, κέντρον ἐφ' ᾧ K Hippocr. ap. Simp.in Ph.64.14; ἡ [γραμμὴ] ἐφ' ᾗ HK the line HK, Arist.Mete.375b22.    2. with Verbs of Motion:    a. where the sense of motion merges in that of support, ἐ. χθονὶ βαίνει Il.4.443; θεῖναι ἐ. γούνασιν 6.92; καταθέσθαι ἐ. γαίῃ 3.114; ἱστὸν ἔστησεν ἐ. ψαμάθοις 23.853; ἐ. φρεσὶ θῆκε 1.55; δυσφόρους ἐπ' ὄμμασι γνώμας βαλεῖν S.Aj.51, etc.    b. in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ' ἄνθεσιν fly on to the flowers and settle there, Il.2.89; ἐκ . . βαῖνον ἐ. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης Od.15.499; καθεῖσεν ἐ. Σκαμάνδρῳ Il.5.36; ἦλθε δ' ἐ. Κρήτεσσι 4.251, cf. 273; νῆες εἰρύατ' . . ἐ. θινὶ θαλάσσης 4.248.    c. rarely for εἰς c.acc., νηυσὶν ἔ. γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν 5.327, 11.274.    d. in hostile sense, upon or against, ἐ. τινι ἔχειν, ἰθύνειν ἵππους, 5.240, 8.110; ἐ. τινι ἱέναι βέλος, ἰθύνεσθαι ὀϊστόν, 1.382, Od.22.8; ἐ. τοι Ἀκράγαντι τανύσαις Pi.O.2.91; ἐ. Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο . . τόξα Il.5.97; ἐφ' Ἕκτορι . . ἀκοντίσσαι 16.358; κύνας . . σεύῃ ἐπ' ἀγροτέρῳ συΐ 11.293; ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214, cf. E.Ph.1379, etc.: also ἐ. τινι τετάχθαι Th.2.70, 3.13; ὅστις φάρμακα δηλητήρια ποιοῖ ἐ. Τηΐοισιν SIG37.2 (Teos, v B.C.).    II. of Time, rarely, and never in good Att., exc. in sense of succession (infr. 2), ἐ. νυκτί by night, Il.8.529; ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ, αἱ δ' ἐ. νυκτί Hes.Op.102; ἐπ' ἤματι τῷδε on this very day, Il.13.234; ἐπ' ἤματι for to-day, 19.229, 10.48, Od.2.284; αἰεὶ ἐπ' ἤματι every day, 14.105; ἐπ' ἡμέρῃ ἑκάστῃ Hdt.4.112, 5.53, cf. D.S. 34/5.2.1; ὁ ἥλιος νέος ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ ἐστίν Heraclit.6; ἐ. τρίς Act.Ap.10.16, PHolm.1.18.    2. of succession, after, ἕκτῃ ἐ. δέκα on the 16th of the month, Chron. ap. D.18.155, Decr.ib.181 (δεκάτῃ codd.); τετράδι ἐ. δέκα IG12.304.62; πρὸ τῆς ἕκτης ἐ. δέκα ib.22.1361.19; ἐπ' ἐξεργασμένοισι, = Lat. re peracta, Hdt.4.164, etc.; ἐ. τινι ἀγορεύειν, ἀνίστασθαι, E.Or.898,902, X.Cyr.2.3.7, etc.; ἐ. διεφθαρμένοισι Ἴωσι Hdt.1.170, τὰ ἐ. τούτοισι, = Lat. quod superest, Id.9.78, cf. Th.1.65, A.Ag. 255, etc.; τοὐπὶ τῷδε πῆμα E.Hipp.855 (lyr.), etc.    3. in the time of (cf. A. 11) only in Arc., ἐπὶ Χαιριάδαι Schwyzer665 A 21, cf. 666 (Orchom.).    III. in various causal senses:    1. of the occasion or cause, τετεύξεται ἄλγε' ἐπ' αὐτῇ for her, Il.21.585; ἐ. σοὶ μάλα πόλλ' ἔπαθον for thee, 9.492: freq. with Verbs expressing some mental affection, ἐπὶ παντὶ λόγῳ ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit.87; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐ. τινι to be proud at or of a thing, Pl.Prt.342d, X.HG3.4.11, etc.; χλιδᾶν ἐ .τινι S.El.360; ἀγάλλεσθαι, ἀγανακτεῖν ἐ. τοῖς παροῦσι, X.An.2.6.26, Isoc.4.122; ὀνομαστὸς ἐ. τινι γεγονέναι X.Mem.1.2.61; also ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν to be tried on a capital charge, D.21.105; πληγὰς λαμβάνειν ἐ. τινι X.Cyr.1.3.16; ζημιοῦσθαι ἐ. τινι D.24.122, etc.: in adverbial phrases [δικάσσαι] ἐπ' ἀρωγῇ with favour, Il.23.574; δολίῃ ἐ. τέχνῃ Hes. Th.540; ἐ. μιῇ αἰτίῃ ἀνήκεστον πάθος ἔρδειν Hdt.1.137, etc.; ἐ .κακουργίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ for malice, Th.1.37; ἐπ' εὐνοία, ἐπ' ἔχθρα, D. 18.273, 21.55; ἐπ' ἀγαθῇ ἐλπίδι with . ., X.Mem.2.1.18, cf. Ep.Rom. 4.18; ἐφ' ἑκατέροις in both cases, Pl.Tht.158d, cf. Xenoph.34.4; ἐ. δάκρυσί τινα καταστένειν E. Tr.315 (lyr.); ἐ. τῇ πάσῃ συκοφαντίᾳ καὶ διασεισμῷ Mitteis Chr.31 vI (ii B.C.), etc.    2. of an end or purpose, υἱὸν ἐ. κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι Il.5.154, cf. 9.482; ἐ. δόρπῳ for supper, Od.18.44; ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου σίδηρος ἀνεύρηται Hdt.1.68; ἐ. διαφθορῇ Id.4.164; ἐ. σῷ καιρῷ S.Ph.151 (lyr.); ἐ. τῷ κέρδει X.Mem.1.2.56; δῆσαι ἐ. θανάτῳ or τὴν ἐ. θανάτῳ, Hdt.9.37, 3.119, cf.1.109, X.An.1.6.10; ἐ. θανάτῳ συλλαβεῖν Isoc.4.154; ἐπ' ἐξαγωγῇ for exportation, Hdt.5.6; χρηστηριάζεσθαι ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ with a view to gaining . ., Id.1.66; ἐ. τούτοις ἐθύσαντο X.An.3.5.18; ἐ. τῷ ὑβρίζεσθαι Th.1.38, cf.34, etc.; τι κακοτεχνεῖν ἐ. αἰσχύνῃ τοῦ ἀνδρός PEleph.1.6 (iv B.C.).    3. of the condition upon which a thing is done, ἐ. τούτοισι on these terms, Hdt.1.60, etc.; ἐ. τοῖσδε, ὥστε . . Th.3.114; ἐ. τούτῳ, ἐπ' ᾧτε on condition that . ., Hdt.3.83, cf. 7.158: in orat. obliq., ἐπ' or ἐφ' ᾧτε folld. by inf., Id.1.22, 7.154, X.HG2.2.20; ἐφ' ᾧ μηδὲν κακὸν ποιήσουσιν Th.1.126 (but ἐφ' ᾧ = wherefore, Ep.Rom.5.12); ἐπ' οὐδενί on no condition, on no account, Hdt.3.38; but, for no adequate reason, D. 21.132; ἐπ' ἴσῃ τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ, ἐπὶ τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ, on fair and equal terms, Hdt.9.7, Th.1.27; ἐ. ῥητοῖς, v. ῥητός; also of a woman's dowry, τὴν μητέρα ἐγγυᾶν ἐ. ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα μναῖς D.28.16; γῆμαί τινα ἐ. δέκα ταλάντοις And.4.13; τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα ἐ. τῇ τυραννίδι Hdt.1.60; on the principle of . ., ἐ. τῷ μὴ λυπεῖν ἀλλήλους Th.1.71.    4. of the price for which... ἔργον τελέσαι δώρῳ ἔ. μεγάλῳ Il.10.304, cf. 21.445; ἐ. τίνι χρήματι; Hdt.3.38; ἐ. πόσῳ; Pl.Ap.41a; ἐ .ταλάντῳ χρυσίου Ar.Av.154; ἐπ' ἀργυρίῳ λέγειν, πράττειν, D.19.182, 24.200; ἐ. χρήμασι λυμαίνεσθαι Id.19.332; ἐ. πολλῷ ἐρρᾳθυμηκότες Id.1.15; also of money lent at interest, δανείζεσθαι ἐ. τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις ibid.; ἐ. δραχμῇ δανείζειν lend at 12 per cent., Id.27.9; ἐπ' ὀκτὼ ὀβολοῖς τὴν μνᾶν τοῦ μηνὸς ἑκάστου δανείζειν, i.e. at 16 per cent., Id.53.13; ἐ. διακοσίαις εἴκοσι πέντε τὰς χιλίας for 225 per mille, i.e. 22.5 per cent., Syngr. ap. eund.35.10; also of the security on which money is borrowed, δανείζειν ἐ. ἀνδραπόδοις Id.27.27; ἐπ' οἴνου κεραμίοις τρισχιλίοις Id.35.18; ἐ. νηΐ Id.56.3; δανείζειν ἐ. τοῖς σώμασιν Arist.Ath.9.1, cf. 2.2, D.H.4.9.    5. of names, φάος καὶ νὺξ ὀνόμασται . . ἐ. τοῖσί τε καὶ τοῖς Parm.9.2; ἐ. τῇ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔχθρᾳ στάσις κέκληται Pl.R.470b; so ὄνομα κεῖται ἐ. τινι X.Cyr.2.2.12; ὄνομα καλεῖν ἐ. τινι Pl.Sph.218c, cf. 244b; πότερον ταῦτα, πέντε ὀνόματα ὄντα, ἐ. ἑνὶ πράγματί ἐστι Id.Prt.349b (v. supr. A. 111.2).    6. of persons in authority, ὅς μ' ἐ. βουσὶν εἷσεν who set me over the kine, Od.20.209, cf. 221; ποιμαίνειν ἐπ' ὄεσσι Il.6.25; οὖρον κατέλειπον ἐ. κτεάτεσσιν Od.15.89; σημαίνειν ἐ. δμῳῇσι 22.427; πέμπειν ἐ. τοσούτῳ στρατεύματι Th.6.29; ἐ. ταῖς ναυσίν X.HG1.5.11; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς μηχαναῖς Id.Cyr.6.3.28; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς καμήλοις ib.33; οἱ ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄντες D. 9.2; ἐ. θυγατρὶ . . γαμεῖν ἄλλην γυναῖκα Hdt.4.154.    7. in possession of, possessing, ἐ. τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μένειν Th.4.105, cf. 8.86; ζῆν ἐ. παιδίοις, τελευτᾶν ἐ. παιδὶ γνησίῳ, Alciphr.1.3, Philostr.VS2.12.2; ἐ. παισὶ διαδόχοις Hdn.4.2.1; ἀποθανεῖν ἐ. κληρονόμοις ταῖς θυγατράσι Artem.1.78, cf. PMeyer6.22 (ii A.D.); ἐ. μόνῳ παιδὶ σαλεύειν Hld. 1.9.    C. WITH Acc.:    I. of Place, upon or on to a height, with Verbs of Motion, ἐ. πύργον ἔβη Il.6.386, cf. 12.375; ἐ. τὰ ὑψηλότατα τῶν ὀρέων ἀναβαίνειν Hdt.1.131; προελθεῖν ἐ. βῆμα Th.2.34; ἀναβιβαστέον τινά, ἀναβαίνειν ἐ. τὸν ἵππον, Pl.R.467e, X.An.3.4.35; also ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐ. χθόνα Il.3.265; ἐξεκυλίσθη πρηνὴς ἐ. στόμα upon his face, 6.43; ἐ. θρόνον . . ἕζετο 8.442; ὤμω . . ἐ. στῆθος συνοχωκότε drawn together upon his breast, 2.218; Ὀδυσσῆ' εἷσαν ἐ. σκέπας Od.6.212; θέσθαι ἐ. τὰ γόνατα X.An.7.3.23; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα τὰ ὦτα καθεύδειν Aeschin.Socr.54; ἐ. κεφαλήν head-foremost, Pl.R.553b, Luc.Pisc.48 (v. κεφαλή): less freq. than ἐπί with gen. or dat.    b. Geom., αἱ ἐ. τὰς ἁφὰς ἐπιζευγνύμεναι εὐθεῖαι joining the points of contact, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.8; κάθετος ἐ. perpendicular to (v. κάθετος).    2. to, ἦλθε θοὰς ἐ. νῆας Il.1.12, etc.; ἐ. βωμὸν ἄγων ib.440; ἴθυσαν δ' ἐ. τεῖχος 12.443; ἐ. τέρμ' ἀφίκετο S.Aj.48; ἡ [ὁδὸς] ἐ. Σοῦσα φέρει X. An.3.5.15; ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν Πυλῶν ἐ. τὸ Ποσειδώνιον Th.4.118; ἐ. τὸ αὐτὸ αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id.1.79: c.acc. pers., βῆ δ' ἄρ' ἐπ' Ἀτρεΐδην Il.2.18, cf. 10.18,85,150, etc.: sts. in pregn. constr. with Verbs of Rest, ἐπιστῆναι ἐ. τὰς θύρας Pl.Smp.212d; παρεῖναι ἐ. τὸν τάφον Th.2.34, cf. X.Cyr.3.3.12.    b. metaph., ἐ. ἔργα τρέπεσθαι, ἰέναι, Il.3.422, Od.2.127; ἰέναι ἐ. τὸν ἔπαινον Th.2.36; ἐ. συμφορὴν ἐμπεσεῖν Hdt.7.88 codd.; also ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν ἀποδιδόναι, ὀφείλειν, pay, owe to the bank, D.33.12, Docum. ap. eund.45.31; ἡ ἐγγύη ἡ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν D.33.10; τὸ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν χρέως ib.24; also εἰσποιηθῆναι ἐ. τὸ ὄνομά τινος to be entered under his name, Id.44.36.    c. up to, as far as (μέχρι ἐ. X.An.5.1.[1]), παρατείνειν ἐπ' Ἡρακλέας στήλας Hdt.4.181; ἐ. θάλασσαν καθήκειν Th.2.27,97: metaph., ἐ. πείρατ' ἀέθλων ἤλθομεν Od.23.248; ἐ. διηκόσια ἀποδιδόναι yield 200-fold, Hdt. 1.193; in measurements, πλέον ἢ ἐ. δύο στάδια X.Cyr.7.5.8, An.6.2.2; ὅσον ἐ. εἴκοσι σταδίους ib.6.4.5, cf. 1.7.15: freq. with a neut. Adj. or Pron., τόσσον τίς τ' ἐπιλεύσσει ὅσον τ' ἐ. λᾶαν ἵησιν Il.3.12; ὅσσον ἔφ' 2.616, cf. 15.358; ἐ. τοσοῦτό γε φρονέω, . . ταύτην μηδὲν σίνεσθαι I am prudent enough, not to... Hdt.6.97; ἐ. ὅσον δεῖ Th.7.66; ἐ. πάντ' ἀφίξομαι S.OT265; ἐ. πᾶν ἐλθεῖν X.An.3.1.18; ἐ. τὸ ἔσχατον ἀγῶνος ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92; ἐ. μεῖζον χωρεῖν, ἔρχεσθαι, ib.117, S.Ph.259; ἐ. μέγα χωρεῖν δυνάμεως Th.1.118; ἐ. μακρότερον, ἐ. μακρότατον, Id.4.41, 1.1, Hdt.4.16, 192; ἐ. σμικρόν, ἐ. βραχύ, a little way, a little, S. El.414, Th.1.118; ἐπ' ἔλαττον, ἐπ' ἐλάχιστον, Pl.Phd.93b, Th.1.70; ἐπ' ὀλίγον, ἐ. πολλά, Pl.Sph.254b; ἐ. πλέον still more, Hdt.2.171, 5.51, Th.2.51; rarely with Advs., ἐ. μᾶλλον Hdt.1.94, 4.181.    d. before, into the presence of (cf. A. 1.2e), ἦγον δή μιν ἐ. τὰ κοινά Id.3.156 (but στὰς ἐ. τὸ συνέδριον standing at the door of the council, Id.8.79); ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε Ev.Matt.10.18.    e. in Military phrases (cf. A. 1.2d), ἐπ' ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτάξαντο, i.e. twenty-five in file, Th.4.93; dub. in X., as ἐ. πολλοὺς τεταγμένοι many in file, An.4.8.11 codd.; ἐπ' ὀλίγον τὸ βάθος γίγνεσθαι Cyr.7.5.2 codd.; for ἐ. κέρας v. infr.3.    3. of the quarter or direction towards or in which a thing takes place, ἐ. δεξιά, ἐπ' ἀριστερά, to the right or left, Il.7.238, 12.240, Od.3.171, Hdt.6.33, etc.; ἐ. τὰ ἕτερα or ἐ. θάτερα, Id.5.74, Th.1.87, etc.; ἐ. τὰ μακρότερα,βραχύτερα, on the longer, shorter side, Hdt.1.50; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα νοέων both ways, Id.8.22; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα μαχᾶν τάμνειν τέλος Pi.O.13.57, etc.; ἐ. τάδε Φασήλιδος on this side, Isoc.7.80; ἐ. ἐκεῖνα, v. ἐπέκεινα; ἐφ' ἕν, ἐ. δύο, ἐ. τρία, of space, in one, two, three dimensions, Arist.de An.404b23, Plot.6.3.13; in Military phrases, ἐ. δόρυ ἀναστρέψαι,ἐ. ἀσπίδα μεταβαλέσθαι, to the spear or shield side, i.e. to right or left, X.An.4.3.29, Cyr.7.5.6; ἐ. πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν, etc., retire on the foot, i.e. facing the enemy, Id.An.5.2.32; so ἐ. κέρας or ἐ. κέρως πλεῖν, etc., sail towards or on the wing, i.e. in column (v. κέρας v11): metaph., ἐ. τὸ μεῖζον κοσμῆσαι, δεινῶσαι, etc., with exaggeration, Th.1.10, 8.74, etc.; ἐ. τὸ πλέον ἀγγέλλεσθαι Id.6.34; ἐ. τὸ φοβερώτερον ib.83; ἐ. τὰ γελοιότερα ἐπαινέσαι so as to provoke laughter, Pl. Smp.214e; ἐ. τὰ καλλίω, ἐ. τὰ αἰσχίονα, Id.Plt.293e; ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον καὶ κάλλιον, ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον καὶ τὸ αἴσχιον, Id.R.381b; ἐ. τὸ ἄμεινον Orac. ap. D.43.66.    4. in hostile sense, against, ἰέναι ἐ. νέας Il. 13.101; ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτούς 5.590; στρατεύεσθαι or -εύειν ἐ. τινα, Hdt. 1.71,77, Th.1.26, etc.; ἰέναι ἐ. φάτιν S.OT495 (lyr.); πλεῖν ἐ. τοὺσ Ἀθηναίους Th.2.90; πέμπειν στρατηγὸν ἐ. τινας Hdt.1.153; θύεσθαι ἐ. τινα offer sacrifice on going against . ., X.An.7.8.21; ἐφ' ὑμᾶς to your prejudice, D.6.33, 10.57.    5. of extension over a space, πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρὴν ἤλυθον over much water, Il.10.27: ἐπ' εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης 2.159; ἐ. κύματα 13.27; ὁρόων ἐπ' ἀπείρονα πόντον 1.350; πλέων, λεύσσων ἐ. οἴνοπα πόντον, 7.88, 5.771; ἐ. πολλὰ δ' ἀλήθην Od. 14.120; ἄγοισι . . Ἀνδρομάχαν . . ἐπ' ἄλμυρον πόντον Sapph.Supp.20a. 7: also with Verbs of Rest, ἐπ' ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα over nine acres he lay stretched, Od.11.577; τόσσον ἔπ' over so much, 5.251, cf. 13.114; διώκοντες ἐ. πολύ over a large space, Th.1.50, cf. 62, etc.; ἐ. πλεῖστον ib.4; ὡς ἐ. πλεῖστον 2.34, etc.; freq. to be rendered on, δράκων ἐ. νῶτα δαφοινός Il.2.308; ἵππους . . ἐ. νῶτον ἐΐσας ib.765; ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει 17.447; ἐ. γαῖαν εἰσὶ δύω [γένη] Hes.Op.11; ἀοιδοὶ ἔασιν ἐ. χθόνα Th.95; ἐ. γᾶν μέλαιναν ἔμμεναι κάλλιστον Sapph. Supp.5.2; also, among, κλέος πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους Il.10.213, cf. 24.202,535; δασσάμενοι [κτήματ'] ἐφ' ἡμέας Od.16.385, cf. Pl.Prt. 322d.    II. of Time, for or during a certain time, ἐ. χρόνον Il.2.299, Od.14.193: πολλὸν ἐ. χρόνον 12.407; παυρίδιον . . ἐ. χρόνον Hes. Op.133; ἐ. δηρόν Il.9.415; ἐ. πολὺν χρόνον Pl.Phd.84c, etc.; ἐπ' ὀλίγον χρόνον Lycurg.7; ἐ. χρόνον τινά, ἐ. τινα χρόνον, Pl.Prt.344b, Grg.524d; γῆν ἀπεμίσθωσαν ἐ. δέκα ἔτη Th.3.68; ἐ. διετές Lexap.D. 46.20; ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας X.An.6.6.36; τὸ ἐφ' ἡμέραν ἀρκέσον enough for the day, Id.Cyr.6.2.34, cf. D.50.23, Hdt.1.32; ἐ. πολύ for a long time, Th.1.6, etc.    2. up to, until a certain time, εὗδον παννύχιος καὶ ἐπ' ἠῶ καὶ μέσον ἦμαρ Od.7.288; οὐδ' ἐ. γῆρας ἵκετ' 8.226.    III. in various causal senses:    1. of the object or purpose for which one goes, ἀγγελίην ἔπι Τυδῆ στεῖλαν sent him for (i.e. to bring) tidings of... Il.4.384 (dub.); ἐ. βοῦν ἴτω let him go for an ox, Od.3.421; ἐ. τεύχεα δ' ἐσσεύοντο Il.2.808; ἐλθεῖν πρός τινα ἐπ' ἀργύριον X.Cyr.1.6.12; πέμπειν εἴς τινα ἐ. στράτευμα ib.4.5.31; ἴτω τις ἐφ' ὕδωρ ib.5.3.49; ἥκειν ἐ. τοὺς τόκους for (i.e. to demand) the interest, D.50.61: less freq. c. acc. pers., ἐπ' Ὀδυσσῆα ἤϊε Od.5.149, cf. S.OT555; κατῆλθον ἐ. ποιητήν Ar.Ra.1418; κατέρχονται ἐ. τὸν Ἀγόρατον Lys. 13.23: with acc. of a Noun of Action, ἐξιέναι ἐ. θήραν go out hunting, X.Cyr.1.2.9; ἔπλεον οὐχ ὡς ἐ. ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for -μαχίᾳ) Th.2.83; ἐ. μάχην ἰέναι X.An.1.4.12; ἔρχεσθαι, ἵζειν ἐ. δεῖπνον, Il.2.381, Od.24.394; ἐ. δόρπον ἀνέστη 12.439; κληθεὶς ἐ. δεῖπνον Pl.Smp.174e, etc.; καλεῖν ἐ. ξείνια Hdt.2.107,5.18span>; ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν to see the sight, Ev.Luc.23.48, cf. PTeb.33.6 (ii B.C.): freq. with neut. Pron. or Adj., ἐ. τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν for this purpose, X.An.2.5.22, cf. Th.5.87; ἐπ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο Pl.Grg.447b, etc.; ἐ. τί; to what end? Ar.Nu.256; ἐφ' ὅ τι Id.Lys.22,481; ἐφ' ἃ ἤλθομεν for which purpose, Th.7.15, etc.; ἐπὶ ἴσα for like ends, Pi.N.7.5 (but ἐ. ἶσα μάχη τέτατο, = ἴσως, Il.12.436); ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον to a better result, X.An.7.8.4; ἀναστῆσαί τινα ἐ. χριστὸν Θεοῦ set up as God's anointed, LXX 2 Ki.23.1: after an Adj., ἄριστοι πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν Il.6.79, cf. Od.4.434; ἄπορος ἐ. φρόνιμα S.OT691 (lyr.); χρήσιμος ἐ . . . οὐδέν D.25.31: after a Noun, ὁδὸς ἐ. τι X.Cyr.1.6.21; ὄργανα ἐ. τι ib.6.2.34.    2. so far as regards, τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην S.Ant.889; ὅσον γε τοὐπ' ἐμέ E.Or.1345; τοὐπί σε, τὸ ἐ. σέ, Id.Hec. 514, X.Cyr.1.4.12; τὸ ἐ. σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28; ὡς ἐ. τὸ πολύ for the most part, Arist.Top.100b29, etc.; ἐ. πᾶν Th.2.51; τὸ πρὸς ἅπαν ξυνετὸν ἐ. πᾶν ἀργόν Id.3.82; κρείσσων ἐπ' ἀρετήν Democr.181; ἐ. μέγα Call.Dian.55.    3. of persons set over others, ἐ. τοὺς πεζοὺς καθιστάναι ἄρχοντα X.Cyr.4.5.58, cf. HG3.4.20; στρατηγὸς ἐ. τοὺς ὁπλίτας, ἐ. τὴν χώραν, Arist.Ath.61.1, IG22.682.24; ἐ. τὸν Πειραιέα Arist.Ath.l.c.; ἐ. Ῥαμνοῦντα IG2.1206b (cf. A. 111.1); οἱ θεσμοθέται οἱ ἐ. τοὺς νόμους κληρούμενοι D.20.90.    4. according to, by, ἐ. στάθμην by the rule, Od.5.245, 21.44, etc.    D. POSITION:—ἐπί may suffer anastrophe (ἔπι) and follow its case, as in Il.1.162; it may like wise follow its Verb, ἤλυθ' ἔπι ψυχή Od.24.20, cf. Il.9.539.    II. in Poets it is sts. put with the second of two Nouns, though in sense it also governs the first, ἢ ἁλὸς ἢ ἐ. γῆς Od.12.27, cf. S.OT761, Ant.367 (lyr.).    E. ABS., used adverbially, without anastrophe, καὶ ἐ. σκέπας ἦν ἀνέμοιο Od.5.443; κτεῖνον δ' ἐ. μηλοβοτῆρας as well, Il.18.529; esp. ἐ. δέ . . and besides . ., Hdt.7.65,75, etc.; πολιαί τ' ἐ. ματέρες S. OT182 (lyr.).    II. ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, there is, Il.1.515, 3.45, Od.16.315; οὐ γὰρ ἔπ' ἀνήρ . . there is no man... 2.58; σοὶ δ' ἔ. μὲν μορφὴ ἐπέων 11.367; ἔ. δέ μοι γέρας A.Eu.393 codd. (lyr.).    F. PROSODY: in ἐπιόψομαι, ι is not elided before a vowel; also in some words where σ or ϝ has been lost, as ἐπιάλμενος, ἐπιείκελος, ἐπιεικής, ἐπιέξομαι (v. ἐπέχω v11). Dor. ἐπιεργάζομαι (v. ἐπιεργάζομαι).    G. IN COMPOSITION:    I. of Place, denoting,    1. Support or Rest upon, ἔπειμι (A), ἐπίκειμαι, ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπαυχένιος, ἐπιβώμιος, etc.    2. Motion,    a. upon or over, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιτρέχω.    b. to or towards, ἐπέρχομαι, ἐπιστέλλω, ἐπαρίστερος, ἐπιδέξιος.    c. against, ἐπαΐσσω, ἐπιπλέω 11, ἐπιστρατεύω, ἐπιβουλεύω.    d. up to a point, ἐπιτελέω.    e. over a place, as in ἐπαιωρέομαι, ἐπαρτάω.    f. over or beyond boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι.    g. implying reciprocity, as in ἐπιγαμία.    3. Extension over a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπανθίζω, ἐπιπέτομαι, ἐπιπλέω 1, ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυσος.    4. Accumulation of one thing over or besides another, as in ἐπαγείρω, ἐπιμανθάνω, ἐπαυξάνω, ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος.    5. Accompaniment, to, with, as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω, ἐπαγρυπνέω: hence of Addition, ἐπίτριτος one and 1/3 more, 1 +1/3; so ἐπιτέταρτος, ἐπίπεμπτος, ἐπόγδοος, etc.    6. with Adjs., somewhat, slightly, as in ἐπίξανθος, ἐπίπικρος.    II. of Time and Sequence, after, as in ἐπιβιόω, ἐπιβλαστάνω, ἐπιγίγνομαι, ἐπακόλουθος, ἐπίγονος, ἐπιστάτης 1.2.    III. in causal senses:    1. Superiority felt over or at, as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω, ἐπαισχύνομαι.    2. Authority over, as in ἐπικρατέω, ἔπαρχος, ἐπιβουκόλος, ἐπιποιμήν.    3. Motive for, as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιζήμιος, ἐπιθάνατος.    4. to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι, ἐπικείρω, ἐπικλάω.

German (Pape)

[Seite 921] bei, als adv. ohne Casus bei den Epikern oft, daran, dabei, wo es in der Regel als tmesis gefaßt werden kann; ἐν δ' ἄλοχοι πολιαί τ' ἐπὶ μάτερες Soph. O. R. 182; so bes. ἐπὶ δέ in Aufzählungen, Her. 7, 65. 75. 8, 67; von den Sp. bes. Arr. 5, 5, 1 u. öfter. – Gew. Präposition mit dem gen., dat. u. acc., auf, bei (vgl. ὀπίσω u. ä.).