ἀπό

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Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.

   A ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [ᾰπο?~X: where ἀπο ¯ is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν Il.6.62, ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664, Hes. Sc.409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]    I OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense:    1 of Motion, from, away from, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il.2.208; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib.24.492; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν 8.365 (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ec.1.10, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il.10.151; also ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib.24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Mem.2.7.2; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω Th.4.126:— freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο Il.15.386; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od.9.49; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt.1.79; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων on horseback, Pl.R.328a; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν X.An.1.2.7; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X.HG 6.2.29; ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E.Hec.240: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl.Tht.142a.    2 of Position, away from, far from, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.2.292 (cf. ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu.CG4); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων Od.23.110; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc.193; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il.23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th.1.7, cf. 46; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id.6.64; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι Id.1.99; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S.OC900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ.... νόσφιν ἀ. .., Il.23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X.HG2.4.4, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S.4.56; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu.Phil.4; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id.Oth.11, cf. D.Chr.17.17.    3 of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.1.562; ἀ. δόξης 10.324; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης Od.11.344; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th.1.76; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl.R.470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id.Tht.179c, 187e; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr.389; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D.24.6; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R.2.863.    4 in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E.Tr.523; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp.212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od.11.278.    5 with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν, X.Cyr.7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Cra.410b; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt.4.8; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X.An.7.2.19; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc.6.18.    6 partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od.5.40; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys.539; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt.6.27; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th.7.87, cf. A.Pers.1023.    7 Math., of figures described upon a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19, etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc.1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ. . . Archim.Spir.10,11.    8 ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man and woman, LXX1 Es.9.40; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦib.Nu.5.3.    9 from being, instead of, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc.15.106.    10 privative, free from, without, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips.16.19 (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας PTeb420.4 (iii A. D.).    II OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il.8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt.1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id.1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp.Salubr.5; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X.Lac. 5.8; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε, from this point onwards, Hdt.1.4,2.99; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id.1.82, X.An.7.5.8; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc.Tox.25; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς . . Hdt.3.14, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id.8.55, cf. X.An.1.7.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου Id.Cyr. 1.2.13; more often ἀπ' or ἀφ' οὗ, Hdt.2.44, Th.1.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ A.Pers.177; ἀφ' ἧς Plu.Pel.15; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th.1.2,2.15; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς Pi.P.8.25, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr.1.2.8; ἀφ' ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th.7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar.V.218; ἀπ' ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc.15.21, cf. 7.4; ἀ. νουμηνίας X.An.5.6.23; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of... ib.24.8; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu.Caes.5: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy.1103.3 (iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of .., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473.    III OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:    1 of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.19.163; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350, cf. S.OT415, OC571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc.12.81, cf. Hdt.7.150; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα A.Pr.853; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl.R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them.32; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος E.Alc.509: of the place one springs from, ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il.2.839. cf. 849; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt.8.114, cf. Th.1.89, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X.Cyr.2.1.5, etc.:hence,    b metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od.6.18; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib.12; γάλα ἀ. βοός A.Pers.611; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν Id.Eu.314; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th.1.69; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X.Cyr.3.3.53.    c of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb.2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc.Herm.14; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu.Brut.2; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc.Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu.Sull.2; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id.Caes.10, etc.; ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E.P.1.153.    2 of the material from or of which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt.7.65; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A.Ag.970, cf. S.Tr.704; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc.15.117; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Ev.Matt.3.4: hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb.24.1.7, IG2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl.Phd.59a; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr.Char.28.4; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc.16.49; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc.DMort.10.8.    3 of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il.24.605; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας 8.279; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371, 11.675; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc.Hist.Conscr.29; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X.Lac.5.9; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str.17.3.7; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S.5.29; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le.4.7.    4 of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.1.14; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id.2.54; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Th.1.17, cf. 6.61; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl.R.528a, etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E.Tr.74, S.OC1628; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th.1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc.    5 of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt.1.203; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib.216; ἀ. πολέμου Id.5.6; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X.Mem.1.2.14; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id.An.6.1.1; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id.HG4.8.9, cf. Th.1.99; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar.Pl.569, cf. D.24.124; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι Ar.Eq. 788, cf. D.18.102; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι quaestum corpore facere, Plu. Tim.14.    6 of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt.2.42; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th.2.25,6.12, X.Cyr.1.1.2; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th.5.17; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id.1.46; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X.An. 7.7.9; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D.2.27; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of... Th.4.30; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id.7.29; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D.18.194; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id.19.320; τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου φρενός A.Ag.1302, cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt.7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D.3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Th.1.99,15, D.14.6, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id.18.298; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th.1.91; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id.3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl.Prt.323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A.Ag.813); ἀ. στόματος Pl.Tht.142d; ἀπ' ὄψεως at sight, Lys.16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar.V.656; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον A.Ag. 988; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E.Med.216; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X.Mem.1.2.9; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th.8.66, cf. IG1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist.Ath.24.3; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D.18.106; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th.8.6, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id.4.68; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt.5.74, Th.8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.).    7 of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island... Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar.Ra.762.    B in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr.135.8 H. (Idalion).    2 in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.).    C in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89.    D IN COMPOS.:    1 asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.    2 finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω.    3 ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω.    4 back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple.    5 by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.    6 almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.    E ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο S.El.1231, etc.; never in Prose.    2 ἄπο for ἄπεστι, Semon.1.20, Timocr.9.

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