Ἀχαιοί
χλανίσι δὲ δὴ φαναῖσι περιπεπεµµένοι καὶ µαστίχην τρώγοντες, ὄζοντες µύρου. τὸ δ’ ὅλον οὐκ ἐπίσταµαι ἐγὼ ψιθυρίζειν, οὐδὲ κατακεκλασµένος πλάγιον ποιήσας τὸν τράχηλον περιπατεῖν, ὥσπερ ἑτέρους ὁρῶ κιναίδους ἐνθάδε πολλοὺς ἐν ἄστει καὶ πεπιττοκοπηµένους → Dressed up in bright clean fine cloaks and nibbling pine-thistle, smelling of myrrh. But I do not at all know how to whisper, nor how to be enervated, and make my neck go back and forth, just as I see many others, kinaidoi, here in the city, do, and waxed with pitch-plasters.
English (Autenrieth)
the Achaeans, the chief tribe of Greeks in Thessaly, Messēne, Argos, and Ithaca; mostly as a collective appellation of the Greeks before Troy, Il. 1.2, etc.; epithets, ἀρηίφιλοι, δῖοι, ἑλίκωπες, ἐυκνήμῖδες, κάρη κομόωντες, μεγάθῦμοι, μένεα πνείοντες, χαλκοχίτωνες.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
Ἀχαιοί: οἱ ахейцы или ахеяне, т. е. жители Ахеи Пелопоннесской или Фессалийской, перен. греки (в отличие от троянцев) Hom., Hes., Trag., Her., Xen., Plat., Arst., Plut.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: pl. m.
Meaning: name of a Greek tribe (Il.).
Other forms: sg. Ἀχαιός Achaean, f. Ἀχαιαί, sg. -ά (s. Schwyzer 460).
Derivatives: Ἀχαιΐς, -ίδος f. the land of the A. (sc. γαῖα) or the Achaean f. (sc. γυνή), also Ἀχαιϊάς f. (Il.); Ἀχαιϊκός, Att. Ἀχαϊκός (cf. Schwyzer 265f.) Achaean; Ἀχαιΐη, Att. Ἀχαΐα f. a Thessalian and Peloponnesian region Achaia; also a town (Rhodos etc.), perhaps trisyllabic, s. below.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: The name Ἀχαιοί < ἈχαιϜοί (cf. Lat. Achīvī) is known from Egyptian sources as qjwš', read as Aqaiwaša. Also in Hitt. Aḫḫiya, later Ah̯h̯iyawā, from *ἈχαιϜία or *ἈχαίϜα(?); Kretschmer Glotta 21, 227). Against this Sommer (Aḫḫijavā-Urk., A. u. Sprw., IF 55, 169ff.). The equation is now generally accepted, but the Hittite form has not been satisfactorily explained. (Worthless Finkelberg, Glotta 66, 1988, 127 - 134, who derives the Greek form from Hitt. Ah̯h̯iyawa (!), with h₂y > χ.) - The name is no doubt a Pre-Greek name (Akayʷa?). On the historical side Lehmann, Historische Zeitschr. 262, 1996, 1 - 38; Niemeyer Aegaeun 19, 1999, 141 - 155.
