ζῦθος
τραχὺς ἐντεῦθεν μελάμπυγός τε τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἅπασιν → he is a tough black-arse towards his enemies, he is a veritable Heracles towards his enemies
English (LSJ)
ου, ὁ (also -εος, τό, Thphr. (v. infr.), D.S. (v. infr.)), an Egyptian kind of A beer, brewed with barley, Thphr.CP6.11.2, Dsc.2.87, Str.17.1.14, D.S.1.34, etc.; cf. ζῦτος. 2 beer of northern nations, Posidon.15J., Str.3.3.7, D.S.5.26. (The word was used in Egypt acc. to Thphr. l.c., etc.: written ζυτο- (q.v.) in the older Pap.: freq. accented ζύθος in codd., but ζῦθος Phot., ζῡ- in verse, Poet. ap. D.Chr.32.82, Colum.10.116.)
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ζῦθος: -ου, ὁ, ἢ -εος, τό, (ἴδε ζέω) εἶδος αἰγυπτιακοῦ ζύθου, Θεόφρ. Αἰτ. Φ. 6. 11, 2, Διοσκ. 2. 109, Στράβ. 799, Διόδ. 1. 34, πρβλ. Ἡρόδ. 2. 77· δοτ. ζύτῳ (οὕτω) ἐν Αἰθιοπικῇ τινι ἐπιγραφ. ἐν τῇ Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 5128. 16. 2) ὁ ζῦθος τῶν βορείων ἐθνῶν, Ποσειδών. παρ’ Ἀθην. 152C, Στράβ. 155· ἴδε κοῦρμι.
French (Bailly abrégé)
1ου (ὁ) :
bière.
Étymologie: DELG pê emprunt à l’égyptien, pê mot grec apparenté à ζύμη.
2ους (τό) :
c. ζῦθος.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ζῦθος: εος τό ячменный напиток, брага (род египетского пива) Diod.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m. n.
Meaning: Egyptian or northern (LSJ) beer (Thphr., Str.; The Egyptians did not kmow the wine acc. to Hdt. 2, 77, but this is wrong (Masson, RPh. 1962, 50), A. Supp. 952f.).
Other forms: Pap. almost only ζῦτος (-ύ-; s. LSJ.); the υ is long in verse, LSJ.
Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ζυτο-ποιός, -έω, -ία beer-brewer, brew, brewing (pap.).
Derivatives: ζύθιον ἀλφίτου πόσις H., ζυτᾶς brewer, ζυτηρά beer-tax, ζυτικός, n. -όν id. (pap.).
Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Egypt.
Etymology: The meaning suggests Egyptian origin (Sommer Lautstud. 153, Peruzzi Humanitas 1, 138f., Nencione, St. It. Fil Class. 16 (1939) 21 n. 2). The comparison with ζύμη might point to IE origin (Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 143, also Specht Ursprung 255). The variation θ/τ seems to point to Pre-Greek, but I see no confirmation. A Greek suffix -θος is doubtful, cf. Chantraine, Form. 365-8. Henning (BSOAS 11 (1949) 720 and 28 (1965) 245) thinks that the word was taken from Scythian, cf. Sogd. zwtk (read: zute) alcoholic drink, beer, as in the case of ἀκινάκης.
Frisk Etymology German
ζῦθος: {zũthos}
Forms: Pap. fast nur ζῦτος (-ύ-)
Grammar: m. n.
Meaning: ägyptisches Gerstenbier (Thphr., Str., D. S., Pap. usw.; die Ägypter kannten den Wein nicht, vgl. Hdt. 2, 77, A. Supp. 952f.).
Composita: Als Vorderglied z. B. in ζυτοποιός, -έω, -ία Bierbrauer, brauen, das Brauen (Pap.).
Derivative: Ableitungen: ζύθιον· ἀλφίτου πόσις H., ζυτᾶς Brauer, ζυτηρά Biersteuer, ζυτικός, n. -όν ib. (Pap.).
Etymology: Wegen der Bedeutung liegt ägyptischer Ursprung unzweifelhaft am nächsten (z. B. Sommer Lautstud. 153, Peruzzi Humanitas 1, 138f. m. Lit.). Die Ähnlichkeit mit ζύμη könnte an sich für idg. Herkunft sprechen (Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 143, auch Specht Ursprung 255).
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