digamma: Difference between revisions
From LSJ
οἵ γε καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀντιπάλως μᾶλλον ἢ ὑποδεεστέρως τῷ ναυτικῷ ἀνθώρμουν → whose navy, even as it was, faced the Athenian more as an equal than as an inferior
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Digamma, waw, or wau (uppercase: Ϝ, lowercase: ϝ, numeral: ϛ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet. It originally stood for the sound /w/ but it has remained in use principally as a Greek numeral for 6. Whereas it was originally called waw or wau, its most common appellation in classical Greek is digamma; as a numeral, it was called episēmon during the Byzantine era and is now known as stigma after the Byzantine ligature combining σ-τ as ϛ. | |wketx=Digamma, waw, or wau (uppercase: Ϝ, lowercase: ϝ, numeral: ϛ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet. It originally stood for the sound /w/ but it has remained in use principally as a Greek numeral for 6. Whereas it was originally called waw or wau, its most common appellation in classical Greek is digamma; as a numeral, it was called episēmon during the Byzantine era and is now known as stigma after the Byzantine ligature combining σ-τ as ϛ. | ||
Digamma or wau was part of the original archaic Greek alphabet as initially adopted from Phoenician. Like its model, Phoenician waw, it represented the voiced labial-velar approximant /w/ and stood in the 6th position in the alphabet between epsilon and zeta. It is the consonantal doublet of the vowel letter upsilon (/u/), which was also derived from waw but was placed near the end of the Greek alphabet. Digamma or wau is in turn the ancestor of the Latin letter F. As an alphabetic letter, it is attested in archaic and dialectal ancient Greek inscriptions until the classical period. | Digamma or wau was part of the original archaic Greek alphabet as initially adopted from Phoenician. Like its model, Phoenician waw, it represented the voiced labial-velar approximant /w/ and stood in the 6th position in the alphabet between epsilon and zeta. It is the consonantal doublet of the vowel letter upsilon (/u/), which was also derived from waw but was placed near the end of the Greek alphabet. Digamma or wau is in turn the ancestor of the Latin letter F. As an alphabetic letter, it is attested in archaic and dialectal ancient Greek inscriptions until the classical period. | ||
The shape of the letter went through a development from Greek Digamma oblique.svg through Greek Digamma 05.svg, Greek Digamma angular.svg, Greek Digamma cursive 01.svg, Greek Digamma cursive 02.svg to Greek Digamma cursive 05.svg or Greek Digamma cursive 06.svg, which at that point was conflated with the σ-τ ligature Greek Digamma cursive 07.svg. In modern print, a distinction is made between the letter in its original alphabetic role as a consonant sign, which is rendered as "Ϝ" or its modern lowercase variant "ϝ", and the numeric symbol, which is represented by "ϛ". In modern Greek, this is often replaced by the digraph στ. | The shape of the letter went through a development from Greek Digamma oblique.svg through Greek Digamma 05.svg, Greek Digamma angular.svg, Greek Digamma cursive 01.svg, Greek Digamma cursive 02.svg to Greek Digamma cursive 05.svg or Greek Digamma cursive 06.svg, which at that point was conflated with the σ-τ ligature Greek Digamma cursive 07.svg. In modern print, a distinction is made between the letter in its original alphabetic role as a consonant sign, which is rendered as "Ϝ" or its modern lowercase variant "ϝ", and the numeric symbol, which is represented by "ϛ". In modern Greek, this is often replaced by the digraph στ. | ||
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==Wikipedia EL== | ==Wikipedia EL== | ||
Το δίγαμμα (Ϝ ϝ σε αρχαίες επιγραφές, μεταγενέστερα Ϛ ϛ μόνο ως αριθμός) πιθανώς ονομαζόμενο ως ϝαῦ (βαυ, ΔΦΑ: wau) αρχικά, ήταν το έκτο γράμμα σε πρώιμες μορφές του ελληνικού αλφαβήτου. Η φωνητική αξία του ήταν ένας ασθενής διχειλικός συμφωνικός φθόγγος, όπως το αγγλικό w ([[w]]). Ο φθόγγος αυτός υπέστη σίγαση νωρίς – πριν τον 8ο αιώνα π.Χ. – στις Ιωνικές και Αττικές διαλέκτους της αρχαίας ελληνικής, αλλά διατηρήθηκε για περισσότερο χρόνο σε άλλες διαλέκτους. Το γράμμα Ϝ εμφανίζεται σε επιγραφές μέχρι τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ. | Το δίγαμμα (Ϝ ϝ σε αρχαίες επιγραφές, μεταγενέστερα Ϛ ϛ μόνο ως αριθμός) πιθανώς ονομαζόμενο ως ϝαῦ (βαυ, ΔΦΑ: wau) αρχικά, ήταν το έκτο γράμμα σε πρώιμες μορφές του ελληνικού αλφαβήτου. Η φωνητική αξία του ήταν ένας ασθενής διχειλικός συμφωνικός φθόγγος, όπως το αγγλικό w ([[w]]). Ο φθόγγος αυτός υπέστη σίγαση νωρίς – πριν τον 8ο αιώνα π.Χ. – στις Ιωνικές και Αττικές διαλέκτους της αρχαίας ελληνικής, αλλά διατηρήθηκε για περισσότερο χρόνο σε άλλες διαλέκτους. Το γράμμα Ϝ εμφανίζεται σε επιγραφές μέχρι τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ. | ||
Revision as of 11:15, 13 October 2022
Latin > German (Georges)
digamma, n. indecl. (δίγαμμα) u. digamma, ae, f. u. digammon, ī, n. (δίγαμμον, sc. στοιχειον) u. digammos, ī, f. (mit u. ohne littera), I) das äolische Doppelgamma(Ϝ), das man den Vokalen besonders vorsetzte, oft bei Gramm., vollst. Aeolicum digamma, Quint. u.a. Gramm. – Der Kaiser Klaudius wollte es statt des V einführen, aber umgekehrt, wie: serϜus = servus, Quint. 1, 7, 27; vgl. Tac. ann. 11, 14. – II) scherzhaft (meton.) = Zinsbuch, wegen der Aufschrift Fenus, das mit einem Digamma anfängt, tuum digamma videram, Cic. ad Att. 9, 9, 4. – / Über die verschiedenen Formen s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 1, 861 f. u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 215.
