φύσις: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=[ῠ], ἡ, gen. <b class="b3">φύσεως</b>, poet. <b class="b3">φύσεος</b> prob. (metri gr.) in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 886</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1282</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">1458</span> (lyr.), Ion. <b class="b3">φύσιος</b>: dual <b class="b3">φύσει</b> (<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> v.l. [[φύση]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410e</span>, (φύω): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">origin</b>, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ . . τελευτή <span class="bibl">Emp.8.1</span> (cf. Plu.2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>892c</span>; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>193b12</span>; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b16</span>; freq. of persons, <b class="b2">birth</b>, φύσει νεώτερος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1295</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1301</span>, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.134</span>; <b class="b3">φύσει</b>, opp. <b class="b3">θέσει</b> (by adoption), <span class="bibl">D.L.9.25</span>; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος <span class="bibl">Ath.4.183d</span>; so <b class="b3">ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb. 3.9.6</span>, <span class="bibl">3.12.3</span>, <span class="bibl">11.2.2</span>; also in acc., ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>325</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">growth</b>, <b class="b3">τριχῶν, παιδίου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>20</span>,<span class="bibl">29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">27</span>: pl., γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">the natural form</b> or <b class="b2">constitution</b> of a person or thing <b class="b2">as the result of growth</b> (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b33</span>): hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">nature, constitution</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦ φαρμάκου</b>) ἔδειξε <span class="bibl">Od.10.303</span>; φ. τῆς χώρης <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.5</span>; τῆς Ἀττικῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>16.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.146</span>, etc.; τῆς τριχός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>5.5</span>; <b class="b3">αἵματος, ἀέρος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>648a21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>340a36</span>, etc.: pl., φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.74</span>; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν <span class="bibl">Id.12.134</span>; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>525c</span>; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">outward form, appearance</b>, μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν</b> either in mind or <b class="b2">outward form</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.5</span>; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).49</span> (<span class="bibl">67</span>); μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>496</span>; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν' εἶχε φράζε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>740</span> (read <b class="b3">εἷρπε</b>, taking <b class="b3">φ</b>. with <b class="b3">ἔχων</b>), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>379</span>; <b class="b3">δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν</b> prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1358</span>; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1071</span> (troch.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>503</span>; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> Medic., <b class="b2">constitution, temperament</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>3.2</span> (pl.), al.; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>43</span>; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fract.</span>7</span>; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Epid.</span>6.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">natural place</b> or <b class="b2">position</b> of a bone or joint, <b class="b3">ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">62</span>, al.; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VC</span>5</span>, al.; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of the mind, one's <b class="b2">nature, character</b>, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Emp.110.5</span>; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν . . ἡ σή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>874</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">902</span>,<span class="bibl">1310</span>; φ. φρενός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>103</span> (anap.); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.2</span>; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>168</span>; <b class="b3">φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410e</span>, <span class="bibl">576a</span>, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>489</span>; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>441</span>; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1458</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">1282</span> (lyr.); Σόλων . . ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1187</span>; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.19</span>; <b class="b3">φύσεως ἰσχύς</b> force <b class="b2">of natural powers</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.138</span>; <b class="b3">φύσεως κακία</b> badness <b class="b2">of natural disposition</b>, <span class="bibl">D.20.140</span>; ἀγαθοὶ . . γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1332a40</span>; <b class="b3">χρῶ τῇ φύσει</b>, i.e. give rein to your <b class="b2">natural propensities</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1078</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.38</span>; τῇ φ. χρώμενος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>18</span>; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>1.4</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.113</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>956</span>; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">375b</span>, al.: prov., ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Mis.</span>353a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">instinct</b> in animals, etc., <span class="bibl">Democr.278</span>; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει Herm. ap. Stob.1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 9.1, cf. 12.1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> freq. in periphrases, <b class="b3">καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας</b>, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>335</span>; χθονὸς φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>633</span>; esp. in Pl., ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>251b</span>; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>186b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας</b> its <b class="b2">natural</b> weakness, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>87e</span>; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>84c</span>; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>862d</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἡ φ</b>., with gen. understood, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>191a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>109e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">the regular order of nature</b>, τύχη . . ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης <span class="bibl">Democr.176</span>; κατὰ φύσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>444d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι</b> growing <b class="b2">naturally</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alex.156.7</span> (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 169</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>488b</span>); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Heraclit.112</span>; opp. <b class="b3">παρὰ φύσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>395</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span>, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.18</span>; <b class="b3">προδότης ἐκ</b> <b class="b3">φύσεως</b> a traitor by <b class="b2">nature</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.165</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον</b> before the <b class="b2">natural term</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Comp.Dem.Cic.</span>5</span>: freq. in dat. <b class="b3">φύσει</b> (ἐν φ. Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.14) <b class="b2">by nature, naturally</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τύχῃ, τέχνῃ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>889b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>381b</span>; φύσει τοιοῦτος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>275</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">279</span>, al.; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1253a3</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1254a15</span>; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ <span class="bibl">Philem.95.2</span>; opp. <b class="b3">νόμῳ</b> (by convention), <span class="bibl">Philol.9</span>, Archelaus ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.2.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>482e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>337d</span>, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.44</span><span class="title">Ai</span>32 (<span class="title">Vorsokr.</span>5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται <span class="bibl">D.25.15</span>; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>492</span>; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>22c</span>; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>14c</span>, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.44</span><span class="title">Bii</span>10 (<span class="title">Vorsokr.</span>5); <b class="b3">φύσιν ἔχει</b> c. inf., it is <b class="b2">natural</b>, <b class="b3">κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸν Ἡρακλέα</b>); <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473a</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν</b> it is contrary to <b class="b2">nature</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">489b</span>; οὔτ' εὔλογον οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν <span class="bibl">D.2.26</span>; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> in Philosophy: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">nature as an originating power</b>, φ. λέγεται . . ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b16</span>; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>271a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">291b13</span>; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1070a8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>381b5</span>, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.123</span>; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.44</span>; <b class="b3">φ. κοινή</b>, the <b class="b2">principle of growth</b> in the universe, <span class="bibl">Cleanth.Stoic.1.126</span>; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as <b class="b3">πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν</b>, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>1.44, cf. 35, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>9.81</span>; <b class="b2">Nature</b>, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>469</span>; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl">Phld. <span class="title">Piet.</span>12</span>; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.14. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">elementary substance</b>, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 891c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>52</span> (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν . . ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b33</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 1p.6U.</span>, al.; ἄτομοι φ. <b class="b2">atoms</b>, Democr. ap. <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 1p.7U.</span>; ἄφθαρτοι φ. <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>83</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> concrete, the <b class="b2">creation, 'Nature'</b>, ἀθανάτου . . φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>910</span> (anap.); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315c</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ φύσεως</b>, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>96a</span>; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη <span class="bibl">Epicr.11.13</span> (anap.); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν <span class="bibl">Plot.2.2.1</span>; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.8; <b class="b3">αἱ δύο φ</b>., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., <span class="title">PMag.Leid.W.</span>6.42. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> Pythag. name for <b class="b2">two</b>, Theol.Ar.12. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> as a concrete term, <b class="b2">creature</b>, freq. in collect. sense, <b class="b3">θνητὴ φ</b>. man<b class="b2">kind</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>590</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>869</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πόντου εἰναλία φ</b>. the <b class="b2">creatures</b> of the sea, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>345</span> (lyr.); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>272c</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ</b>. woman-<b class="b2">kind</b> (opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>3.4</span>: also in pl., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>674</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>588c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>306e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>13.9</span>; in contemptuous sense, <b class="b3">αἱ τοιαῦται φ</b>. such <b class="b2">creatures</b> as these, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.113</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.191</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of plants or material <b class="b2">substances</b>, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι <span class="bibl">D.S.2.49</span>; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 1.4. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">kind, sort, species</b>, ταύτην . . ἔχειν βιοτῆς . . φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>165</span> (anap.); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 429d</span>; <b class="b3">φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων</b>] <b class="b2">species</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.1</span>; <b class="b2">natural group</b> or <b class="b2">class</b> of plants, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.1.1</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b2">sex</b>, <b class="b3">θῆλυς φῦσα</b> (prob. for <b class="b3">οὖσα</b>) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1062</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>445</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>770d</span>, <span class="bibl">944d</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the characteristic of sex</b>, = [[αἰδοῖον]], <span class="title">Tab.Defix.</span>89a6 (iv B.C.), Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>107, <span class="bibl">D.S.32.10</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.150</span>, etc.: esp. of the female organ, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.143</span>, <span class="bibl">Ant.Lib.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Artem.5.63</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Osl.</span>1.83,324, <span class="bibl">Horap. 1.11</span>: pl., <b class="b3">τῶν δύοφ</b>., of the testes, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>92</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.318.</span> | |Definition=[ῠ], ἡ, gen. <b class="b3">φύσεως</b>, poet. <b class="b3">φύσεος</b> prob. (metri gr.) in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 886</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1282</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">1458</span> (lyr.), Ion. <b class="b3">φύσιος</b>: dual <b class="b3">φύσει</b> (<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> v.l. [[φύση]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410e</span>, (φύω): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">origin</b>, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ . . τελευτή <span class="bibl">Emp.8.1</span> (cf. Plu.2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>892c</span>; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>193b12</span>; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b16</span>; freq. of persons, <b class="b2">birth</b>, φύσει νεώτερος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1295</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1301</span>, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.134</span>; <b class="b3">φύσει</b>, opp. <b class="b3">θέσει</b> (by adoption), <span class="bibl">D.L.9.25</span>; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος <span class="bibl">Ath.4.183d</span>; so <b class="b3">ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb. 3.9.6</span>, <span class="bibl">3.12.3</span>, <span class="bibl">11.2.2</span>; also in acc., ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>325</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">growth</b>, <b class="b3">τριχῶν, παιδίου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>20</span>,<span class="bibl">29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">27</span>: pl., γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">the natural form</b> or <b class="b2">constitution</b> of a person or thing <b class="b2">as the result of growth</b> (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b33</span>): hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">nature, constitution</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦ φαρμάκου</b>) ἔδειξε <span class="bibl">Od.10.303</span>; φ. τῆς χώρης <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.5</span>; τῆς Ἀττικῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>16.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.146</span>, etc.; τῆς τριχός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>5.5</span>; <b class="b3">αἵματος, ἀέρος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>648a21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>340a36</span>, etc.: pl., φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.74</span>; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν <span class="bibl">Id.12.134</span>; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>525c</span>; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">outward form, appearance</b>, μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν</b> either in mind or <b class="b2">outward form</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.5</span>; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).49</span> (<span class="bibl">67</span>); μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>496</span>; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν' εἶχε φράζε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>740</span> (read <b class="b3">εἷρπε</b>, taking <b class="b3">φ</b>. with <b class="b3">ἔχων</b>), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>379</span>; <b class="b3">δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν</b> prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1358</span>; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1071</span> (troch.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>503</span>; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> Medic., <b class="b2">constitution, temperament</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>3.2</span> (pl.), al.; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>43</span>; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fract.</span>7</span>; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Epid.</span>6.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">natural place</b> or <b class="b2">position</b> of a bone or joint, <b class="b3">ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">62</span>, al.; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VC</span>5</span>, al.; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of the mind, one's <b class="b2">nature, character</b>, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Emp.110.5</span>; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν . . ἡ σή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>874</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">902</span>,<span class="bibl">1310</span>; φ. φρενός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>103</span> (anap.); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.2</span>; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>168</span>; <b class="b3">φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410e</span>, <span class="bibl">576a</span>, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>489</span>; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>441</span>; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1458</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">1282</span> (lyr.); Σόλων . . ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1187</span>; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.19</span>; <b class="b3">φύσεως ἰσχύς</b> force <b class="b2">of natural powers</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.138</span>; <b class="b3">φύσεως κακία</b> badness <b class="b2">of natural disposition</b>, <span class="bibl">D.20.140</span>; ἀγαθοὶ . . γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1332a40</span>; <b class="b3">χρῶ τῇ φύσει</b>, i.e. give rein to your <b class="b2">natural propensities</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1078</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.38</span>; τῇ φ. χρώμενος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>18</span>; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>1.4</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.113</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>956</span>; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">375b</span>, al.: prov., ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Mis.</span>353a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">instinct</b> in animals, etc., <span class="bibl">Democr.278</span>; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει Herm. ap. Stob.1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 9.1, cf. 12.1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> freq. in periphrases, <b class="b3">καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας</b>, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>335</span>; χθονὸς φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>633</span>; esp. in Pl., ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>251b</span>; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>186b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας</b> its <b class="b2">natural</b> weakness, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>87e</span>; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>84c</span>; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>862d</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἡ φ</b>., with gen. understood, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>191a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>109e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">the regular order of nature</b>, τύχη . . ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης <span class="bibl">Democr.176</span>; κατὰ φύσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>444d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι</b> growing <b class="b2">naturally</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alex.156.7</span> (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 169</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>488b</span>); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Heraclit.112</span>; opp. <b class="b3">παρὰ φύσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>395</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span>, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.18</span>; <b class="b3">προδότης ἐκ</b> <b class="b3">φύσεως</b> a traitor by <b class="b2">nature</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.165</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον</b> before the <b class="b2">natural term</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Comp.Dem.Cic.</span>5</span>: freq. in dat. <b class="b3">φύσει</b> (ἐν φ. Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.14) <b class="b2">by nature, naturally</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τύχῃ, τέχνῃ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>889b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>381b</span>; φύσει τοιοῦτος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>275</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">279</span>, al.; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1253a3</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1254a15</span>; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ <span class="bibl">Philem.95.2</span>; opp. <b class="b3">νόμῳ</b> (by convention), <span class="bibl">Philol.9</span>, Archelaus ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.2.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>482e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>337d</span>, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.44</span><span class="title">Ai</span>32 (<span class="title">Vorsokr.</span>5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται <span class="bibl">D.25.15</span>; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>492</span>; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>22c</span>; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>14c</span>, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.44</span><span class="title">Bii</span>10 (<span class="title">Vorsokr.</span>5); <b class="b3">φύσιν ἔχει</b> c. inf., it is <b class="b2">natural</b>, <b class="b3">κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸν Ἡρακλέα</b>); <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473a</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν</b> it is contrary to <b class="b2">nature</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">489b</span>; οὔτ' εὔλογον οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν <span class="bibl">D.2.26</span>; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> in Philosophy: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">nature as an originating power</b>, φ. λέγεται . . ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b16</span>; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>271a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">291b13</span>; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1070a8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>381b5</span>, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.123</span>; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.44</span>; <b class="b3">φ. κοινή</b>, the <b class="b2">principle of growth</b> in the universe, <span class="bibl">Cleanth.Stoic.1.126</span>; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as <b class="b3">πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν</b>, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>1.44, cf. 35, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>9.81</span>; <b class="b2">Nature</b>, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>469</span>; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl">Phld. <span class="title">Piet.</span>12</span>; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.14. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">elementary substance</b>, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 891c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>52</span> (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν . . ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b33</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 1p.6U.</span>, al.; ἄτομοι φ. <b class="b2">atoms</b>, Democr. ap. <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 1p.7U.</span>; ἄφθαρτοι φ. <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>83</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> concrete, the <b class="b2">creation, 'Nature'</b>, ἀθανάτου . . φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>910</span> (anap.); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315c</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ φύσεως</b>, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>96a</span>; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη <span class="bibl">Epicr.11.13</span> (anap.); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν <span class="bibl">Plot.2.2.1</span>; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.8; <b class="b3">αἱ δύο φ</b>., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., <span class="title">PMag.Leid.W.</span>6.42. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> Pythag. name for <b class="b2">two</b>, Theol.Ar.12. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> as a concrete term, <b class="b2">creature</b>, freq. in collect. sense, <b class="b3">θνητὴ φ</b>. man<b class="b2">kind</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>590</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>869</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πόντου εἰναλία φ</b>. the <b class="b2">creatures</b> of the sea, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>345</span> (lyr.); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>272c</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ</b>. woman-<b class="b2">kind</b> (opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>3.4</span>: also in pl., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>674</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>588c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>306e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>13.9</span>; in contemptuous sense, <b class="b3">αἱ τοιαῦται φ</b>. such <b class="b2">creatures</b> as these, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.113</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.191</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of plants or material <b class="b2">substances</b>, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι <span class="bibl">D.S.2.49</span>; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 1.4. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">kind, sort, species</b>, ταύτην . . ἔχειν βιοτῆς . . φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>165</span> (anap.); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 429d</span>; <b class="b3">φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων</b>] <b class="b2">species</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.1</span>; <b class="b2">natural group</b> or <b class="b2">class</b> of plants, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.1.1</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b2">sex</b>, <b class="b3">θῆλυς φῦσα</b> (prob. for <b class="b3">οὖσα</b>) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1062</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>445</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>770d</span>, <span class="bibl">944d</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the characteristic of sex</b>, = [[αἰδοῖον]], <span class="title">Tab.Defix.</span>89a6 (iv B.C.), Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>107, <span class="bibl">D.S.32.10</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.150</span>, etc.: esp. of the female organ, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.143</span>, <span class="bibl">Ant.Lib.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Artem.5.63</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Osl.</span>1.83,324, <span class="bibl">Horap. 1.11</span>: pl., <b class="b3">τῶν δύοφ</b>., of the testes, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>92</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.318.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1318.png Seite 1318]] ἡ, 1) die <b class="b2">Natur</b>; zunächst – a) die natürliche, angeborne Beschaffenheit, die Naturanlage, das Wesen einer Person od. Sache; bei Hom. nur Od. 10, 303, φαρμάκου [[φύσις]]; φύσιν προσφέρομεν ἀθανάτοις Pind. N. 6, 5, dem [[νόος]] entgegengesetzt, also das Aeußere; μορφῆς δ' οὐχ [[ὁμόστολος]] [[φύσις]] Aesch. Suppl. 491; χρωτὸς εὐειδῆ φύσιν Eur. Alc. 172; Αἰγύπτου Her. 2, 5. – Bes. die Anlagen des Geistes, Talent, Genie, οἵτινές τε δεξιοὶ φύσιν εὐωνύμους τε Aesch. Prom. 487; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Pers. 433; [[ἔξοιδα]] καὶ φύσει σε μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Soph. Phil. 79 (vgl. Baton bei Ath. IV, 163 c τί [[τἀργύριον]], ἄνθρωπε, τιμιώτερον [[σαυτοῦ]] τέθεικας ἢ πέφυκε τῇ φύσει, seiner Natur nach); τὴν [[αὑτοῦ]] φύσιν [[ὅταν]] λιπών τις δρᾷ τὰ μὴ προσεικότα 890, u. öfter; auch γυνὴ δὲ [[θῆλυς]] οὖσα κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν, Trach. 1051, nicht von der Natur eines Mannes, wo man ἔχουσα ergänzt; οὐδὲ συμφορᾶς ὕπο φύσιν διέφθειρε Eur. Hec. 598; τῷ γενναίῳ φύσιν I. A. 448; auch im plur., τὰς γυναικείους φύσεις Andr. 957; διάφοροι φύσεις βροτῶν I. A. 558, wie Xen. Mem. 4, 1,2; φύσεως ἀποστῆναι χαλεπόν Ar. Vesp. 1457; öfters bei Plat. u. Folgdn; vgl. Valck. diatr. 76 b. – b) die Naturordnung, Einrichtung der Natur; φύσει, von Natur, nach einem Naturtriebe, οὐ φύσει οὐδ' ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου, ἀλλὰ διδακτόν Plat. Prot. 323 c; φύσει, οὐ νόμῳ 337 c, wie Gorg. 482 e u. öfter; ἢ φύσει ἢ τέχνῃ Rep. II, 381 a; κατὰ φύσιν, nach der Natur, nach natürlichen Gesetzen, Plat. oft; auch κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκέναι, Her. 2, 38; ὁ κατὰ φύσιν [[πατήρ]], natürlicher od. leiblicher Vater, Pol. 15, 20; παρὰ φύσιν, wider die Naturordnung, naturwidrig, Eur. Phoen. 398; Plat. Phil. 32 a; [[κῶς]] φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι τὸν Ἡρακλέα; wie ist es natürlich od. natürlicher Weise denkbar, daß er viele Tausende getödtet hat? Her. 2, 45; so τοῦτο φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει, das ist gegen die Natur, Plat. Rep. VI, 489 b, u. öfter; οὔτ' εὔλογον, οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν Dem. 2, 26; φύσιν ἔχει [[γενέσθαι]], es liegt in der Natur, daß es so geschieht, es pflegt nach dem Gange der Natur so zu geschehen, Pol. 2, 21, 3, u. öfter; vgl. Schäf. zu D. Hal. de C. V. p. 144 ff. u. πέφυκε unter φύω. – 2) die Natur als die zeugende, schafsende Kraft, dah. Zeugung, Erschaffung, Entstehung, Sp. – 3) das Erzeugte, ein Geschöpf, das Geschlecht, die Nachkommenschaft, Soph. El. 325 Ant. 346 u. Folgde; θηλεῖα φ., die Weiber, Xen. Lac. 3, 4; auch von leblosen Gegenständen, D. Sic. 13, 12. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[ῠ], ἡ, gen. φύσεως, poet. φύσεος prob. (metri gr.) in E.Tr. 886, cf. Ar.V.1282 (lyr.), 1458 (lyr.), Ion. φύσιος: dual φύσει (
A v.l. φύση) Pl.R.410e, (φύω): I origin, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ . . τελευτή Emp.8.1 (cf. Plu.2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα Pl.Lg.892c; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν Arist.Ph.193b12; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις Id.Metaph.1014b16; freq. of persons, birth, φύσει νεώτερος S.OC1295, cf. Aj.1301, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ Hdt.7.134; φύσει, opp. θέσει (by adoption), D.L.9.25; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος Ath.4.183d; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, Plb. 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2; also in acc., ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν S.El.325; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν ib.1125, cf. Isoc.3.42. 2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, Hp.Nat.Puer.20,29, cf. 27: pl., γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων Plot.4.3.13. II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου Arist.Pol.1252b33): hence, 1 nature, constitution, once in Hom., καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ φαρμάκου) ἔδειξε Od.10.303; φ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.2.5; τῆς Ἀττικῆς X.Vect.1.2, cf. Oec.16.2, D.18.146, etc.; τῆς τριχός X.Eq.5.5; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., Arist.PA648a21, Mete.340a36, etc.: pl., φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων Isoc.7.74; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν Id.12.134; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. Pl.R.525c; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. X.Mem.1.1.11, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. IG22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae). 2 outward form, appearance, μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, Pi.N.6.5; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν Id.I.4(3).49 (67); μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. A.Supp.496; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν' εἶχε φράζε S.OT740 (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων), cf. Tr.379; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν prob. in E.Ba.1358; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. Ar.V.1071 (troch.), cf. Nu.503; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. Isoc.9.75. 3 Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις Id.Acut.43; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει Id.Fract.7; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί Id.Epid.6.5.1. b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, Id.Art.61, 62, al.; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. Id.VC5, al.; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων Id.Nat.Puer.17. 4 of the mind, one's nature, character, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ Emp.110.5; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν . . ἡ σή S.Ph.874; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, ib.902,1310; φ. φρενός E.Med.103 (anap.); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. Th.1.76; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.Cyr.1.2.2; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση E.Fr.168; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., Pl.R.410e, 576a, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν A.Pr.489; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Id.Pers.441; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις Ar.V.1458 (lyr.), cf. 1282 (lyr.); Σόλων . . ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. Id.Nu.1187; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι X.Ath.2.19; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, Th.1.138; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, D.20.140; ἀγαθοὶ . . γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος Arist. Pol.1332a40; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Ar.Nu.1078, cf. Isoc.7.38; τῇ φ. χρώμενος Plu.Cor.18; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4: pl., Isoc.4.113, v.l. in E.Andr.956; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. Pl.R.526c, cf. 375b, al.: prov., ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. Jul.Mis.353a. b instinct in animals, etc., Democr.278; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει Herm. ap. Stob.1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει Corp.Herm. 9.1, cf. 12.1. 5 freq. in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, S.OT335; χθονὸς φ. A.Ag.633; esp. in Pl., ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. Phdr.251b; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων Smp.186b; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, Phd.87e; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. Ti.84c; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. Lg.862d, al.; ἡ φ., with gen. understood, Smp.191a, Phd.109e. III the regular order of nature, τύχη . . ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης Democr.176; κατὰ φύσιν Pl.R.444d, etc.; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, Hdt.2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς Pi.Fr. 169 (cf. Pl.Grg.488b); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν Heraclit.112; opp. παρὰ φύσιν, E.Ph.395, Th.6.17, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. Anaxipp.1.18; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, Aeschin.2.165; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. φύσει (ἐν φ. Hp.Aër.14) by nature, naturally, opp. τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, Pl.Lg.889b, cf. R.381b; φύσει τοιοῦτος Ar.Pl.275, cf. 279, al.; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι Arist.Pol.1253a3; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν ib.1254a15; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ Philem.95.2; opp. νόμῳ (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Pl.Grg.482e, cf. Prt.337d, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα Antipho Soph.44Ai32 (Vorsokr.5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται D.25.15; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους Men.Mon.492; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί Pl. Ap.22c; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν S.Ph.79, cf. Pl.Phlb.14c, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι Antipho Soph.44Bii10 (Vorsokr.5); φύσιν ἔχει c. inf., it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (sc. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); Hdt.2.45, cf. Pl.R.473a; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature, ib.489b; οὔτ' εὔλογον οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν D.2.26; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει Polem.Call.36. IV in Philosophy: 1 nature as an originating power, φ. λέγεται . . ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων Arist.Metaph.1014b16; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν Id.Cael.271a33; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ ib.291b13; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ Id.Metaph.1070a8, cf. Mete.381b5, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ Heraclit.123; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. Plot.4.4.44; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, Stoic.1.44, cf. 35, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. Epicur.Fr.469; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη Phld. Piet.12; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. Corp.Herm.1.14. 2 elementary substance, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα Pl.Lg. 891c, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν . . ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν Arist.Metaph.1014b33: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.; ἄτομοι φ. atoms, Democr. ap. Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.; ἄφθαρτοι φ. Phld.Piet.83. 3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature', ἀθανάτου . . φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων E.Fr.910 (anap.); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν Pl.Prt.315c; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν Pl.Phd.96a; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη Epicr.11.13 (anap.); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν Plot.2.2.1; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. Corp.Herm.1.8; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42. 4 Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12. V as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, S.Fr.590 (anap.), cf. OT869 (lyr.); πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, Id.Ant.345 (lyr.); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε Pl.R.359c, cf. Plt.272c; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman-kind (opp. τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) X.Lac.3.4: also in pl., S.OT674, Pl.R.588c, Plt.306e, X.Oec.13.9; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, Isoc.4.113, cf. 20.11, Aeschin.1.191. b of plants or material substances, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι D.S.2.49; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν Corp.Herm. 1.4. VI kind, sort, species, ταύτην . . ἔχειν βιοτῆς . . φύσιν S.Ph.165 (anap.); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν Pl.R. 429d; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, X.Cyn.3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.). VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (prob. for οὖσα) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν S.Tr.1062, cf. OC445, Th.2.45, Pl.Lg.770d, 944d: hence, 2 the characteristic of sex, = αἰδοῖον, Tab.Defix.89a6 (iv B.C.), Nic.Fr.107, D.S.32.10, S.E.M.1.150, etc.: esp. of the female organ, Hp.Mul.2.143, Ant.Lib.41, Artem.5.63, PMag.Osl.1.83,324, Horap. 1.11: pl., τῶν δύοφ., of the testes, Sch.Ar.Lys.92, cf. PMag.Par.1.318.
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[Seite 1318] ἡ, 1) die Natur; zunächst – a) die natürliche, angeborne Beschaffenheit, die Naturanlage, das Wesen einer Person od. Sache; bei Hom. nur Od. 10, 303, φαρμάκου φύσις; φύσιν προσφέρομεν ἀθανάτοις Pind. N. 6, 5, dem νόος entgegengesetzt, also das Aeußere; μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φύσις Aesch. Suppl. 491; χρωτὸς εὐειδῆ φύσιν Eur. Alc. 172; Αἰγύπτου Her. 2, 5. – Bes. die Anlagen des Geistes, Talent, Genie, οἵτινές τε δεξιοὶ φύσιν εὐωνύμους τε Aesch. Prom. 487; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Pers. 433; ἔξοιδα καὶ φύσει σε μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Soph. Phil. 79 (vgl. Baton bei Ath. IV, 163 c τί τἀργύριον, ἄνθρωπε, τιμιώτερον σαυτοῦ τέθεικας ἢ πέφυκε τῇ φύσει, seiner Natur nach); τὴν αὑτοῦ φύσιν ὅταν λιπών τις δρᾷ τὰ μὴ προσεικότα 890, u. öfter; auch γυνὴ δὲ θῆλυς οὖσα κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν, Trach. 1051, nicht von der Natur eines Mannes, wo man ἔχουσα ergänzt; οὐδὲ συμφορᾶς ὕπο φύσιν διέφθειρε Eur. Hec. 598; τῷ γενναίῳ φύσιν I. A. 448; auch im plur., τὰς γυναικείους φύσεις Andr. 957; διάφοροι φύσεις βροτῶν I. A. 558, wie Xen. Mem. 4, 1,2; φύσεως ἀποστῆναι χαλεπόν Ar. Vesp. 1457; öfters bei Plat. u. Folgdn; vgl. Valck. diatr. 76 b. – b) die Naturordnung, Einrichtung der Natur; φύσει, von Natur, nach einem Naturtriebe, οὐ φύσει οὐδ' ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου, ἀλλὰ διδακτόν Plat. Prot. 323 c; φύσει, οὐ νόμῳ 337 c, wie Gorg. 482 e u. öfter; ἢ φύσει ἢ τέχνῃ Rep. II, 381 a; κατὰ φύσιν, nach der Natur, nach natürlichen Gesetzen, Plat. oft; auch κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκέναι, Her. 2, 38; ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, natürlicher od. leiblicher Vater, Pol. 15, 20; παρὰ φύσιν, wider die Naturordnung, naturwidrig, Eur. Phoen. 398; Plat. Phil. 32 a; κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι τὸν Ἡρακλέα; wie ist es natürlich od. natürlicher Weise denkbar, daß er viele Tausende getödtet hat? Her. 2, 45; so τοῦτο φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει, das ist gegen die Natur, Plat. Rep. VI, 489 b, u. öfter; οὔτ' εὔλογον, οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν Dem. 2, 26; φύσιν ἔχει γενέσθαι, es liegt in der Natur, daß es so geschieht, es pflegt nach dem Gange der Natur so zu geschehen, Pol. 2, 21, 3, u. öfter; vgl. Schäf. zu D. Hal. de C. V. p. 144 ff. u. πέφυκε unter φύω. – 2) die Natur als die zeugende, schafsende Kraft, dah. Zeugung, Erschaffung, Entstehung, Sp. – 3) das Erzeugte, ein Geschöpf, das Geschlecht, die Nachkommenschaft, Soph. El. 325 Ant. 346 u. Folgde; θηλεῖα φ., die Weiber, Xen. Lac. 3, 4; auch von leblosen Gegenständen, D. Sic. 13, 12.
