ἦθος: Difference between revisions
καὶ ὑποθέμενος κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς φέρειν τὰς πληγάς, ὡς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τοῦ τε κακοῦ τοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους → and having instructed them to bring their blows against the head, seeing that the harm to humans ... (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1.50)
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|Definition=εος<b class="b3">, τό</b> (cf. [[ἔθος]]), <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">an accustomed place</b>: hence, in pl., <b class="b2">haunts</b> or <b class="b2">abodes</b> of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων <span class="bibl">Il.6.511</span>; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.14.411</span>; of lions, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.125</span>; of fish, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.93</span>; of <b class="b2">the abodes of men</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">525</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">157</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>64</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>274</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>865e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>398b33</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι</b> away from his <b class="b2">accustomed place</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.142</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Callistr.<span class="title">Stat.</span>7</span>: metaph., with play on signf. <span class="bibl">11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">custom, usage</b>: in pl., <b class="b2">manners, customs</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.30</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">4.106</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.61</span>; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>896c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">695e</span>; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.7.94</span> (<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1024</span> = <span class="bibl">Men.218</span>); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς <span class="bibl">D.S.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">disposition, character</b>, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 67</span>,<span class="bibl">78</span>; ἦ. ἐμφυές <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀκίχητα ἤ</b>., of Zeus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>187</span>; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>595</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>746</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.31</span>; <b class="b3">βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.20.14</span>; esp. <b class="b2">moral character</b>, opp. <b class="b3">διάνοια</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1139a1</span>; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>792e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1220a39</span>; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ. πηγὴ βίου</b> Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; <b class="b3">τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>400d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.16</span>: freq. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a23</span> (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>243c</span>: less freq. in dat., <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>6.2</span>, cf. <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., <b class="b2">traits, characteristics</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>402d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1144b4</span> (in sg., <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>836d</span>): seldom in pl., of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>11</span>; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Ath.1.1e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of outward <b class="b2">bearing</b>, <b class="b3">ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.3</span>; ὑγρότης ἤθους <span class="bibl">Lycurg.33</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>4</span>: in pl., of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span> 25</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> in Rhet., <b class="b2">delineation of character</b>, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b13</span>; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.200S.; esp. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, Longin.9.15, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>19</span>: in pl., πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.5</span>; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>28</span>, etc.; so of works of art, <b class="b3">ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a29</span>; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>4.3</span>; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Her.</span>2.10</span>; also of Music, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>6.49</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">dramatis persona</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> also of animals, <b class="b3">ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων</b> (prob.l.for <b class="b3">ἔθος</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>727</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1219</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>487a12</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής</b>, of a bird, ib.<span class="bibl">615a18</span>; of things, <b class="b2">nature, kind</b>, <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ</b> (to each of the four elements) <span class="bibl">Emp. 17.28</span>; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἐν ἤθει</b> <b class="b2">tactfully</b> (cf. ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. <span class="bibl">Herm. <span class="title">in Phdr.</span>p.195A.</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ μέτριον ἦθος</b>, of the expression <b class="b3">δοκεῖ μοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Steph.<span class="title">in Hp.</span>1.59D.</span></span> | |Definition=εος<b class="b3">, τό</b> (cf. [[ἔθος]]), <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">an accustomed place</b>: hence, in pl., <b class="b2">haunts</b> or <b class="b2">abodes</b> of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων <span class="bibl">Il.6.511</span>; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.14.411</span>; of lions, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.125</span>; of fish, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.93</span>; of <b class="b2">the abodes of men</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">525</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">157</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>64</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>274</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>865e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>398b33</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι</b> away from his <b class="b2">accustomed place</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.142</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Callistr.<span class="title">Stat.</span>7</span>: metaph., with play on signf. <span class="bibl">11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">custom, usage</b>: in pl., <b class="b2">manners, customs</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.30</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">4.106</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.61</span>; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>896c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">695e</span>; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.7.94</span> (<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1024</span> = <span class="bibl">Men.218</span>); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς <span class="bibl">D.S.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">disposition, character</b>, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 67</span>,<span class="bibl">78</span>; ἦ. ἐμφυές <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀκίχητα ἤ</b>., of Zeus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>187</span>; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>595</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>746</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.31</span>; <b class="b3">βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.20.14</span>; esp. <b class="b2">moral character</b>, opp. <b class="b3">διάνοια</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1139a1</span>; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>792e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1220a39</span>; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ. πηγὴ βίου</b> Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; <b class="b3">τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>400d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.16</span>: freq. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a23</span> (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>243c</span>: less freq. in dat., <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>6.2</span>, cf. <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., <b class="b2">traits, characteristics</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>402d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1144b4</span> (in sg., <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>836d</span>): seldom in pl., of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>11</span>; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Ath.1.1e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of outward <b class="b2">bearing</b>, <b class="b3">ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.3</span>; ὑγρότης ἤθους <span class="bibl">Lycurg.33</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>4</span>: in pl., of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span> 25</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> in Rhet., <b class="b2">delineation of character</b>, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b13</span>; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.200S.; esp. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, Longin.9.15, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>19</span>: in pl., πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.5</span>; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>28</span>, etc.; so of works of art, <b class="b3">ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a29</span>; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>4.3</span>; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Her.</span>2.10</span>; also of Music, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>6.49</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">dramatis persona</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> also of animals, <b class="b3">ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων</b> (prob.l.for <b class="b3">ἔθος</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>727</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1219</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>487a12</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής</b>, of a bird, ib.<span class="bibl">615a18</span>; of things, <b class="b2">nature, kind</b>, <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ</b> (to each of the four elements) <span class="bibl">Emp. 17.28</span>; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἐν ἤθει</b> <b class="b2">tactfully</b> (cf. ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. <span class="bibl">Herm. <span class="title">in Phdr.</span>p.195A.</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ μέτριον ἦθος</b>, of the expression <b class="b3">δοκεῖ μοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Steph.<span class="title">in Hp.</span>1.59D.</span></span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1157.png Seite 1157]] τό (vgl. [[ἔθος]]), 1) der gewohnte <b class="b2">Aufenthalt, Wohnsitz</b>, Wohnort, wohl nur im plur., eigtl. ion., s. Greg. Cor. p. 494; bei Hom. von Thieren, ἤθεα καὶ νομὸς ἵππων, Il. 6, 511. 15, 268; von Schweinen, κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od. 14, 411, also <b class="b2">Stall</b>, Kosen; vgl. Arist. de mundo 6 med. τὸ χερσαῖον [[ζῷον]] εἰς τὰ ἤθεα καὶ νομοὺς ἐξερπύσει. Von Fischen, Opp. H. 1, 93. Von Menschen, ἕπεται πόλιν τε καὶ ἤθεα λαῶν, Wohnungen der Menschen, Hes. O. 169. 527; auch Pind., Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες ἀνδρῶν ἤθεσι P. 4, 257, nach Lacedämon gekommen; Aesch. Suppl. 62; oft Her., [[Κιμμέριοι]] ἐξ ἠθέων ὑπὸ Σκυθέων ἐξαναστάντες 1, 15, ἀπήλαυνε ἐς ἤθεα τὰ Περσῶν 1, 157; 4, 80; auch Eur., πατρίδος θεοί μ' ἀφιδρύσαντο γῆς ἐς βάρβαρ' ἤθη Hel. 281; sp. D., ἤθεα γαίης D. Per. 294, öfter; einzeln in sp. Prosa, wie Arr. καὶ Ταξίλην ἀποπέμπει [[ὀπίσω]] εἰς τὰ ἤθεα τὰ [[αὑτοῦ]], An. 5, 20, 6; [[ἔνθα]] φίλα τὰ ἤθη αὐτῷ καὶ τριβαὶ κεχαρισμέναι Ael. H. A. 11, 10, öfter; Philostr. braucht so auch den sing. – Bei Plat. Tim. 42 e, ἔμενεν ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ κατὰ τρόπον ἤθει, u. Legg. IX, 965 e, ὁρῶν τὸν [[ἑαυτοῦ]] φονέα ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι τοῖς τῆς [[ἑαυτοῦ]] συνηθείας ἀναστρεφόμενον, ist an das Geistige zu denken, so daß diese Stellen den Uebergang zu der folgenden Bdtg machen. – 2) <b class="b2">Gewohnheit</b>, Herkommen, Sitte, Hes. O. 139, καὶ νόμοι Th. 66; Her. 2, 35, wie Eur. ἐς καινὰ δ' ἤθη καὶ νόμους ἀφιγμένην, Med. 238; die Art der Menschen zu handeln u. zu reden, Charakter, Sinnesart, Gesinnung, ἐπίκλοπον Hes. O. 67; [[ἦθος]] ἐμφυές Pind. Ol. 10, 21; συγγενές 13, 13; φίλα γὰρ κέκευθεν ἤθη Aesch. Pers. 640; ἀκίχητα ἤθεα καὶ [[κέαρ]] ἀπαράμυθον Prom. 184; ὦ μιαρὸν [[ἦθος]] Soph. Ant. 742; παιδεύειν [[ἦθος]] Ai. 592; Eur. Suppl. 869; τὰ τῶν νέων ἤθη, πολιτείας, Plat. Rep. VIII, 549 a Legg. XI, 929 c; ἐν νόμων ἤθεσι u. ä. oft; im sing. Charakter, Gemüth, φρόνιμον καὶ ἡσύχιον Rep. X, 604 e; γενναῖον VI, 496 b; ἀνδρεῖον Polit. 308 a; τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἦθος]] Rep. III, 400 d, öfter; ἐν τοιούτοις ἤθεσι παιδευθέντες Isocr. 4, 82. Häufig πρᾷος τὸ [[ἦθος]], mild an Sinnesart, Plat. Phaedr. 243 c; [[φιλόπολις]] τὸ [[ἦθος]] Thuc. bei Poll. 9, 26; [[βελτίων]] τὸ [[ἦθος]] Dem. 20, 14; ἀσθενὴς τὸ [[ἦθος]] Arist. H. A. 9, 12; Sp., wie Luc. Salt. 72; selten in solchen Verbindungen τῷ ἤθει, wie Theophr. char. 6; auch im plur., κόσμιοι τὰ ἤθη, Ath. VI, 260 d, [[κράτιστος]] τὰ ἤθη D. L. 6, 64; ἁπλοῖ τοῖς ἤθεσι, D. Sic. 5, 21, was Phryn. 364 tadelt, vgl. Lob. zu der Stelle; Sp. so auch mit praepos., βδελυροὶ εἰς τὰ ἤθη, Luc. Pseudol. 1, 16; ὑψηλὸς ἐν ἤθει, Plut. Dion. 4; ἱερὸς τὴν τέχνην καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἤθη, Ath. I, 1 e. – Vgl. [[ἔθος]]; Plat. vrbdt τρόπων ἤθεσι καὶ ἔθεσι, Legg. XII, 968 d; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη X, 896 c. – Auch vom äußern Wesen, ἱλαρὸν τὸ [[ἦθος]] Xen. Conv. 8, 3. – Jeder Ausdruck der Sinnesart, Mienen u. Gesichtszüge, insofern sich ein Charakter darin ausdrückt, bes. die ruhigen Seelenzustände, im Ggstz von [[πάθος]]. S. die compp. | |||
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Revision as of 19:30, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
εος, τό (cf. ἔθος),
A an accustomed place: hence, in pl., haunts or abodes of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων Il.6.511; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od.14.411; of lions, Hdt.7.125; of fish, Opp.H.1.93; of the abodes of men, Hes.Op.167, 525, Hdt.1.15, 157, A.Supp.64 (lyr.), E.Hel.274, Pl.Lg.865e, Arist.Mu.398b33; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι away from his accustomed place, Hdt. 2.142; of plants, Callistr.Stat.7: metaph., with play on signf. 11, Pl.Phdr.277a. II custom, usage: in pl., manners, customs, Hes.Op.137, Th.66, Hdt.2.30,35, 4.106, Th.2.61; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Pl. Lg.896c; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ. ib.695e; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί PHib.1.7.94 (E.Fr.1024 = Men.218); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς D.S.5.21. 2 disposition, character, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος Hes.Op. 67,78; ἦ. ἐμφυές Pi.O.11(10).21; ἀκίχητα ἤ., of Zeus, A.Pr.187; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν S.Aj.595; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ. Id.Ant.746; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. Isoc.2.31; βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ. D.20.14; esp. moral character, opp. διάνοια, Arist.EN1139a1; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος Pl.Lg.792e, cf. Arist.EE1220a39; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων Heraclit.119; ἦ. πηγὴ βίου Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης, Pl.R.400d, D.61.16: freq. opp. πάθος, Arist.Rh.1356a23 (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις D.H.Pomp.3; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος Pl.Phdr.243c: less freq. in dat., ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ. Thphr.Char.6.2, cf. Inscr.Magn.164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., traits, characteristics, Pl.R.402d, Arist.EN1144b4 (in sg., τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ. Pl.Lg.836d): seldom in pl., of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα Hp.Ep.11; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη Ath.1.1e. b of outward bearing, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ. X.Smp.8.3; ὑγρότης ἤθους Lycurg.33; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ. Plu.Dio4: in pl., of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη Philostr.Gym. 25. c in Rhet., delineation of character, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις Arist.Rh.1395b13; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.Rh.1.200S.; esp. opp. πάθος, Longin.9.15, etc.; κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι, opp. κατὰ πάθος, D.H.Comp.22, cf. Lys.19: in pl., πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν Phld.Po.5.5; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν Demetr.Eloc.28, etc.; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ. Arist.Po.1450a29; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις Ael.VH4.3; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει Philostr.Her.2.10; also of Music, S.E.M.6.49. d dramatis persona, εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ. Arist.Po.1450a11, al. 3 also of animals, ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (prob.l.for ἔθος) A.Ag.727, cf.E.Hipp.1219, Pl.R.375e, Arist. HA487a12 (pl.); τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής, of a bird, ib.615a18; of things, nature, kind, παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) Emp. 17.28; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353. 4 ἐν ἤθει tactfully (cf. ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. Herm. in Phdr.p.195A.; διὰ μέτριον ἦθος, of the expression δοκεῖ μοι, Steph.in Hp.1.59D.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1157] τό (vgl. ἔθος), 1) der gewohnte Aufenthalt, Wohnsitz, Wohnort, wohl nur im plur., eigtl. ion., s. Greg. Cor. p. 494; bei Hom. von Thieren, ἤθεα καὶ νομὸς ἵππων, Il. 6, 511. 15, 268; von Schweinen, κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od. 14, 411, also Stall, Kosen; vgl. Arist. de mundo 6 med. τὸ χερσαῖον ζῷον εἰς τὰ ἤθεα καὶ νομοὺς ἐξερπύσει. Von Fischen, Opp. H. 1, 93. Von Menschen, ἕπεται πόλιν τε καὶ ἤθεα λαῶν, Wohnungen der Menschen, Hes. O. 169. 527; auch Pind., Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες ἀνδρῶν ἤθεσι P. 4, 257, nach Lacedämon gekommen; Aesch. Suppl. 62; oft Her., Κιμμέριοι ἐξ ἠθέων ὑπὸ Σκυθέων ἐξαναστάντες 1, 15, ἀπήλαυνε ἐς ἤθεα τὰ Περσῶν 1, 157; 4, 80; auch Eur., πατρίδος θεοί μ' ἀφιδρύσαντο γῆς ἐς βάρβαρ' ἤθη Hel. 281; sp. D., ἤθεα γαίης D. Per. 294, öfter; einzeln in sp. Prosa, wie Arr. καὶ Ταξίλην ἀποπέμπει ὀπίσω εἰς τὰ ἤθεα τὰ αὑτοῦ, An. 5, 20, 6; ἔνθα φίλα τὰ ἤθη αὐτῷ καὶ τριβαὶ κεχαρισμέναι Ael. H. A. 11, 10, öfter; Philostr. braucht so auch den sing. – Bei Plat. Tim. 42 e, ἔμενεν ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ κατὰ τρόπον ἤθει, u. Legg. IX, 965 e, ὁρῶν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ φονέα ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι τοῖς τῆς ἑαυτοῦ συνηθείας ἀναστρεφόμενον, ist an das Geistige zu denken, so daß diese Stellen den Uebergang zu der folgenden Bdtg machen. – 2) Gewohnheit, Herkommen, Sitte, Hes. O. 139, καὶ νόμοι Th. 66; Her. 2, 35, wie Eur. ἐς καινὰ δ' ἤθη καὶ νόμους ἀφιγμένην, Med. 238; die Art der Menschen zu handeln u. zu reden, Charakter, Sinnesart, Gesinnung, ἐπίκλοπον Hes. O. 67; ἦθος ἐμφυές Pind. Ol. 10, 21; συγγενές 13, 13; φίλα γὰρ κέκευθεν ἤθη Aesch. Pers. 640; ἀκίχητα ἤθεα καὶ κέαρ ἀπαράμυθον Prom. 184; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦθος Soph. Ant. 742; παιδεύειν ἦθος Ai. 592; Eur. Suppl. 869; τὰ τῶν νέων ἤθη, πολιτείας, Plat. Rep. VIII, 549 a Legg. XI, 929 c; ἐν νόμων ἤθεσι u. ä. oft; im sing. Charakter, Gemüth, φρόνιμον καὶ ἡσύχιον Rep. X, 604 e; γενναῖον VI, 496 b; ἀνδρεῖον Polit. 308 a; τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος Rep. III, 400 d, öfter; ἐν τοιούτοις ἤθεσι παιδευθέντες Isocr. 4, 82. Häufig πρᾷος τὸ ἦθος, mild an Sinnesart, Plat. Phaedr. 243 c; φιλόπολις τὸ ἦθος Thuc. bei Poll. 9, 26; βελτίων τὸ ἦθος Dem. 20, 14; ἀσθενὴς τὸ ἦθος Arist. H. A. 9, 12; Sp., wie Luc. Salt. 72; selten in solchen Verbindungen τῷ ἤθει, wie Theophr. char. 6; auch im plur., κόσμιοι τὰ ἤθη, Ath. VI, 260 d, κράτιστος τὰ ἤθη D. L. 6, 64; ἁπλοῖ τοῖς ἤθεσι, D. Sic. 5, 21, was Phryn. 364 tadelt, vgl. Lob. zu der Stelle; Sp. so auch mit praepos., βδελυροὶ εἰς τὰ ἤθη, Luc. Pseudol. 1, 16; ὑψηλὸς ἐν ἤθει, Plut. Dion. 4; ἱερὸς τὴν τέχνην καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἤθη, Ath. I, 1 e. – Vgl. ἔθος; Plat. vrbdt τρόπων ἤθεσι καὶ ἔθεσι, Legg. XII, 968 d; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη X, 896 c. – Auch vom äußern Wesen, ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦθος Xen. Conv. 8, 3. – Jeder Ausdruck der Sinnesart, Mienen u. Gesichtszüge, insofern sich ein Charakter darin ausdrückt, bes. die ruhigen Seelenzustände, im Ggstz von πάθος. S. die compp.
