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Τὸ νικᾶν αὐτὸν αὑτὸν πασῶν νικῶν πρώτη τε καὶ ἀρίστη. Τὸ δὲ ἡττᾶσθαι αὐτὸν ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντων αἴσχιστόν τε ἅμα καὶ κάκιστον. → Τo conquer yourself is the first and best victory of all, while to be conquered by yourself is of all the most shameful as well as evil
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|Definition=[κᾰτᾰ], poet. <b class="b3">καταί</b> acc. to <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>309.28</span>, found in Compds., as <b class="b3">καταιβάτης</b>: Prep. with gen. or acc.:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">downwards</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> denoting motion from above, <b class="b2">down from</b>, <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης</b>, <span class="bibl">Il. 22.187</span>, <span class="bibl">16.677</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.399</span>; κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας <span class="bibl">Il.6.128</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">232</span>; δάκρυα . . κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε <span class="bibl">17.438</span>; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>355</span>; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.17</span>; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229c</span>; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>944a</span>:— for <b class="b3">κατ' ἄκρης</b> v. [[ἄκρα]]: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.82</span> (but perh. in sense <span class="bibl">11.1</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> denoting <b class="b2">downward motion</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">down upon</b> or <b class="b2">over</b>, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας <span class="bibl">Il.3.217</span>; of the dying, <b class="b3">κατὰ . . ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς</b> a cloud settled <b class="b2">upon</b> the eyes, <span class="bibl">5.696</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.321</span>; τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν . . νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν <span class="bibl">13.580</span>; <b class="b3">φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε</b> <b class="b2">down over . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.85</span>; [<b class="b3">κόπρος</b>] κ. σπείους κέχυτο . . πολλή <span class="bibl">9.330</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός</b>, v. [[Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>398a</span>; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>713</span>; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>177</span>; <b class="b3">ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς</b> [<b class="b3">πληγάς</b>] <span class="bibl">D.19.197</span>; ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας <span class="bibl">Plb.1.17.10</span>; οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες <span class="bibl">Id.3.19.7</span>; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.256</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κόρρης παίειν</b>, = [[ἐπὶ κόρρης]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>12</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b2">along, upon</b>, <b class="b3">πίπτειν κατ'</b> [<b class="b3">εὐθείας</b>] <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2; <b class="b3">αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται</b> will move <b class="b2">on . .</b>, ib.1.23, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Aristarch.Sam.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">down into</b>, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν <span class="bibl">Il.19.39</span>; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο <span class="bibl">13.504</span>, etc.; ἔθηκε κατ' ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος <span class="bibl">21.172</span>; ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο <span class="bibl">23.100</span>; <b class="b3">κ. γᾶς</b> <b class="b2">under</b>ground, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.59</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὕδατος</b> <b class="b2">under</b> water, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.149</span>; [<b class="b3">ποταμὸς</b>] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> <span class="bibl">113c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>25d</span>; κ. γῆς σύμεναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1007</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι</b> to bury. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ κ. γῆς</b> one dead and buried, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.5</span>; οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>689</span>, etc.; θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>475</span> (lyr.), etc.; so <b class="b3">κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.6</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span>; also <b class="b3">βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων</b> go <b class="b2">down by</b> or <b class="b2">through . .</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1433</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> later, <b class="b2">towards</b> a point, <b class="b3">τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ</b> to shoot <b class="b2">at</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.7.8</span>; κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of vows or oaths, <b class="b2">by</b>, καθ' ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι <span class="bibl">D.29.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">54.38</span>; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων <span class="bibl">Lys.32.13</span>; esp. of the victims, etc., <b class="b2">over</b> which the oath is taken, <b class="b3">ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων</b> Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>29.5</span>, <span class="title">Foed.Delph.Pell.</span>1<span class="title">A</span>9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1.16</span>; also <b class="b3">κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι</b> to imprecate destruction on oneself, <span class="bibl">Id.21.119</span>; κατ' ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.57.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to make a vow <b class="b2">towards</b>, i.e. make a vow of offering... κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>660</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in hostile sense, <b class="b2">against</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>221</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>304</span>, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.18.19</span>; esp. of judges giving sentence <b class="b2">against</b> a person, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>198</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>449</span>, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Lys.22.7</span>; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.5.2</span>, etc.; of speeches, [<b class="b3">λόγος</b>] <b class="b3">κ. Μειδίου</b>, etc. (opp. <b class="b3">πρὸς Λεπτίνην</b>, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Din.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of Time,<b class="b2">for</b>, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.37; <b class="b3">κ. βίου</b> <b class="b2">for</b> life, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.50; κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε <span class="bibl">D. 22.72</span> falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον <span class="bibl">Lycurg.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">in respect of, concerning</b>, μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>70d</span>; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>253b</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι</b> praises <b class="b2">bestowed on</b> D., <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρεῖν</b> or <b class="b3">λέγειν κατά τινος</b> to say <b class="b2">of</b> one, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>323b</span>, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>198.10</span>; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 73d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">74b</span>; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1307b2</span>; freq. in the Logic of Arist., <b class="b3">κατά τινος λέγεσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">κατηγορεῖσθαι</b> to be predicated <b class="b2">of... Int</b>.16b10, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cat.</span>1b10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καταφῆσαί</b> (or <b class="b3">ἀποφῆσαί</b>) <b class="b3"> τι κατά τινος</b> to affirm (or deny) <b class="b2">of... Metaph</b>.<span class="bibl">1007b21</span>; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Int.</span>16b13</span>: and in Adv. <b class="b3">καθόλου</b> (q.v.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> WITH Acc., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of motion <b class="b2">downwards</b>, <b class="b3">κ. ῥόον</b> <b class="b2">down</b> stream, <span class="bibl">Od.14.254</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.33</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.96</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.194</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229a</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν</b>, <b class="b2">down</b> (i.e. <b class="b2">with</b>) the wind, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>690</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>468</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πνεῦμα, κατ' ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to leeward</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>535a19</span>, <span class="bibl">560b13</span>, Dsc.4.153. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with or without signf. of motion, <b class="b2">on, over, throughout</b> a space, freq. in Hom., καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος <span class="bibl">Od.1.344</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.770</span>, <span class="bibl">9.329</span>; κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα <span class="bibl">Od.20.64</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.276</span>, <span class="bibl">6.136</span>, <span class="bibl">3.151</span>; κ. πτόλιν <span class="bibl">Od.2.383</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.286</span>, <span class="bibl">6.56</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν</b>, <span class="bibl">3.36</span>, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">487</span>; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα <span class="bibl">17.512</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον</b>, <span class="bibl">5.84</span>, <span class="bibl">18.159</span>, <span class="bibl">16.331</span>; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.16</span>, etc. (in later Gr.of motion <b class="b2">to</b> a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν <span class="bibl">Zos.3.1</span>); καθ' Ἑλλάδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>578</span>; κ. πτόλιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>6</span>; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν <span class="bibl">D.18.169</span>; τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.157</span>, etc.; κ. τὸ προάστιον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.54</span>; τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>528</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>869</span> (lyr.): Geom., <b class="b2">at</b> a point, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.1</span>,al.; <b class="b3">τέμνειν</b> [<b class="b3">σφαῖραν</b>] <b class="b3">κ. κύκλον</b> <b class="b2">in</b> a circle, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>1.17</span>; also, <b class="b2">in the region of</b>, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες <span class="bibl">Gem.12.7</span>: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.11.108</span>, <span class="bibl">16.465</span>, al.; νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον <span class="bibl">5.46</span>; οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον <span class="bibl">11.339</span>; so <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα</b>, <span class="bibl">5.537</span>,<span class="bibl">615</span>; <b class="b3">βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν</b> struck <b class="b2">upon</b> a vital part, v.l. in <span class="bibl">11.439</span>: metaph., ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε <span class="bibl">19.125</span>: generally, <b class="b3">κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν</b> <b class="b2">in</b> heart and soul, <span class="bibl">4.163</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">opposite, over against</b>, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.30</span>, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>505</span>; μολὼν . . μοι κ. στόμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>573</span>; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ki.</span>12.11</span>; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.18</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν</b> ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ... περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span> 15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.108</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">distributively</b>, of a whole divided into parts, <b class="b3">κρῖν' ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας</b> <b class="b2">by</b> tribes, <b class="b2">by</b> clans, <span class="bibl">Il.2.362</span>; <b class="b3">κ. σφέας μαχέονται</b> <b class="b2">by</b> themselves, <b class="b2">separately</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">366</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.64</span>; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.25</span>; αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1013</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι</b> <b class="b2">in separate</b> villages, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.96</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο</b> each <b class="b2">to his own</b> home, <span class="bibl">Id.5.15</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.89</span>, <span class="bibl">3.1</span>: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>247a</span>; later οἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.259.72</span> (i A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.32.6</span>, etc.; ἡ κατ' οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.904.20</span>(ii A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἔπος</b> word <b class="b2">by</b> word, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>802</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὄνομα</b> <b class="b2">individually</b>, <span class="title">3 Ep.Jo.</span>15, etc.; <b class="b3">παῖδα κ. κρήνην</b> <b class="b2">at each</b> fount a boy, <span class="title">Lyr.Alex.Adesp.</span>37.13, cf. <span class="title">POxy</span> 2108.9 (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Time, <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ</b>, day <b class="b2">by</b> day, daily, v. [[ἡμέρα]] 111; <b class="b3">καθ' ἑνιαυτόν, κατ' ἔτος</b>, <span class="title">Test.Epict.</span>6.24, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.41</span>, etc.; κ. μῆνα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>275.18</span> (i A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of Numbers, <b class="b2">by</b> so many <b class="b2">at a time</b>, <b class="b3">καθ' ἕνα</b> one <b class="b2">at a time, individually</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span> (later τὸ καθ' ἕν <b class="b2">detailed list</b>, PTeb.47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); <b class="b3">κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο</b> <b class="b2">by</b> ones and twos, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.113</span>; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ' ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Id.6.79</span>; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ' ὀλίγους <span class="bibl">Id.8.113</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν</b> to pay <span class="bibl">500</span> drachmae <b class="b2">on every</b> <span class="bibl">25</span> minae, <span class="bibl">D.27.7</span>; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον <b class="b2">in separate sums of</b> 200 and 300 drachmae, <span class="bibl">Id.27.11</span>; of ships, <b class="b3">κ. μίαν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ναῦν</b>) <b class="b2">in column</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>; κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.26.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>: Geom., <b class="b3">μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά . .</b>, measure, be measured a certain number of times, <span class="bibl">Euc.7</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>8,9,al.; <b class="b3">μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας</b> <b class="b2">as many times as</b> there are units in B, Id.7.16. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> of direction <b class="b2">towards</b> an object or purpose, <b class="b3">πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν</b> <b class="b2">on</b> a business, <b class="b2">for</b> or <b class="b2">after</b> a matter, <span class="bibl">Od. 3.72</span>, <span class="bibl">9.253</span>; <b class="b3">πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα</b> to rove <b class="b2">in search of</b> booty, <span class="bibl">3.106</span>; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.152</span>; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα <span class="bibl">Il.1.424</span>; ἐπιδημεῖν κατ' ἐμπορίαν <span class="title">IG</span>22.141.32, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>11.1</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν</b> come to seek his help, consult him, <span class="bibl">Od.11.479</span>, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.70</span>; <b class="b3">κ. θέαν ἥκειν</b> to have come <b class="b2">for the purpose of</b> seeing, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν <span class="bibl">Id.7.31</span>; καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.2</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τί</b>; <b class="b2">for</b> what purpose? why? <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>239</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.89</span>; simply <b class="b3">κ. τινά</b> <b class="b2">after</b> him, <span class="bibl">Id.1.84</span>; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους <span class="bibl">Id.9.53</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἴχνος</b> <b class="b2">on</b> the track, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>32</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>695</span> (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>115b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> Geom., in adverbial phrases, <b class="b3">κ. κάθετον</b> <b class="b2">in the same</b> vertical line, <span class="bibl">Archim. <span class="title">Quadr.</span>6</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι</b> <b class="b2">in the same</b> straight line with... <span class="bibl">Papp. 58.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> of fitness or conformity, <b class="b2">in accordance with</b>, κ. θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.1.136</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον</b> <b class="b2">after</b> our liking, <span class="bibl">9.108</span>; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.97</span>; <b class="b3">κ. μοῖραν</b> <b class="b2">as is</b> meet and right, <span class="bibl">Il.1.286</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον</b>, <span class="bibl">10.445</span>,<span class="bibl">472</span>; κ. νόμον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>417</span>; κὰν νόμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.78</span>; κ. τοὺς νόμους <span class="title">IG</span>22.1227.15; <b class="b3">αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα</b> <b class="b2">for</b> what cause, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 228</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον</b>, <b class="b2">for</b> (i.e. <b class="b2">because of</b>) hatred, envy, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>336</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>686</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν</b>, do <b class="b2">as</b> one pleases, <span class="bibl">Th. 2.37</span>,<span class="bibl">53</span>; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.38</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.60</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ . .</b> <b class="b2">for</b> no other <b class="b2">reason</b> but that... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229d</span>; <b class="b3">κ. δύναμιν</b> <b class="b2">to the best of</b> one's power, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.142</span>, etc. (<b class="b3">κὰδ δ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>); <b class="b3">κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν</b> arrange <b class="b2">suitably</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.6</span>,al.; <b class="b3">κατ' εὐνοίην</b> <b class="b2">with</b> goodwill, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.108</span>; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.8</span>, etc.; in quotations, <b class="b2">according to</b>, κατ' Αἰσχύλον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>134</span>; κ. Πίνδαρον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>227b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">in relation to, concerning</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους</b> = [[τὰ ἀνθρώπινα]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>930</span>, <span class="bibl">310</span>; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">214</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. πόλεμον</b> <b class="b2">military</b> matters, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.181</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι</b> (opp. <b class="b3">αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις</b>) the management of <b class="b2">public</b> affairs, <span class="bibl">Din. 1.97</span>; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας <span class="title">SIG</span>506.7(Delph., iii B.C.); so <b class="b3">τὸ κατ' ὑμέας</b> <b class="b2">as far as concerns</b> you, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κατ' ἐμέ</b> <b class="b2">as far as</b> I <b class="b2">am concerned</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.247</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τοῦτο</b> <b class="b2">in</b> this <b class="b2">respect</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.3</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. ταὐτά</b> <b class="b2">in</b> the same <b class="b2">way</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ὅτι</b> <b class="b2">so far as</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.82</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Comparisons, <b class="b2">corresponding with, after the fashion of</b>, <b class="b3">κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ</b>. <b class="b2">like</b> the coat of an onion, dub. in <span class="bibl">Od.19.233</span>; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.67</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Μιθραδάτην</b> <b class="b2">answering to the description of</b> him, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.121</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα</b> <b class="b2">like</b> an oven in appearance, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1001</span>; <b class="b3">κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν</b> to marry <b class="b2">in</b> one's own <b class="b2">rank</b> of life, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>890</span>; οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>425</span>; λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>925</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ σέ</b> none <b class="b2">of</b> your <b class="b2">sort</b>, <span class="bibl">Chionid.1</span> (but <b class="b3">ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ</b> to address you <b class="b2">in</b> your own <b class="b2">style</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467c</span>); τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.28.5</span>; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας <span class="bibl">D.21.169</span>; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1310b3</span>: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα</b> too great for tears, <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>; <b class="b3">ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας</b> morerefined than <b class="b2">was common among</b> the Thracians, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">by the favour of</b> a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.68</span>; κ. θεῖον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>147</span> codd. (<b class="b3">κ. θεὸν</b> Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά <span class="bibl">D.48.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), <b class="b2">nearly, about</b>, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years <b class="b2">more or less</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.145</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.44</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κατ' οὐδέν</b> <b class="b2">next to</b> nothing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>302b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> of Time, <b class="b2">during</b> or <b class="b2">in the course of</b> a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.137</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ</b>, <b class="b2">by</b> day, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ch.</span>818</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>668</span>; κατ' εὐφρόνην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLille</span>1r14</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>27.60</span> (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">about</b>, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.131</span>, etc.; κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων <span class="bibl">Id.6.58</span>; esp. with names of persons, <b class="b3">κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα</b> <b class="b2">about the time of</b> Amasis, <span class="bibl">Id.2.134</span>; κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον Χρόνον <span class="bibl">Id.1.67</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην</b>) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι <span class="bibl">D.21.146</span> (v.l. [[κατ' ἐκ. τὸν Χρόνον]]) ; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>10.8</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι</b> their contemporaries, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καθ' ἕτος</b> <b class="b2">this</b> year, <span class="title">SIG</span> 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), <span class="title">OGI</span>458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), <span class="title">CIG</span>3641b5,38 (Lampsacus). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> periphrastically with abstract Subst., <b class="b3">κατ' ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος</b>, = [[ἡσύχως, ταχέως]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.9</span>,<span class="bibl">7.178</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κράτος</b> <b class="b2">by</b> force, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. μέρος</b> <b class="b2">partially</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456a16</span>; <b class="b2">individually, severally</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>157b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>835a</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φύσιν</b> <b class="b2">naturally</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>428e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὴν τέχνην</b> <b class="b2">skilfully</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>20.7</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν</b> [<b class="b3">ἐστι</b>] it is not <b class="b2">pleasant</b> for me to tell you, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>263</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> Position: <b class="b3">κατά</b> may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. <b class="b3">κάτα</b>, as <span class="bibl">Il.20.221</span>, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, <span class="bibl">17.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like [[κάτω]], <b class="b2">downwards, from above, down</b>, freq. in Hom. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">κατά</b> in COMPOS., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">downwards, down</b>, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">in answer to, in accordance with</b>, as in <b class="b3">κατᾴδω</b> (<b class="b2">occino</b>), <b class="b3">καταινέω, καταθύμιος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">against</b>, in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in <b class="b3">καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι</b>: more rarely with a Subst., as <b class="b3">καταδίκη</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">back, back again</b>, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in <b class="b3">κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν</b>, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in <b class="b3">κατάδηλος, κάτοξος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our <b class="b2">be-</b>, as in <b class="b3">καταθρηνέω</b> <b class="b2">be</b>wail. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> implying <b class="b2">waste</b> or <b class="b2">consumption</b>, as in <b class="b3">καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω</b>: and generally in a <b class="b2">disparaging</b> sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">F</span> <b class="b3">κατά</b> as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in Ep., into <b class="b3">κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ</b>, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν<b class="b3">, π</b> (or φ) <b class="b3">, ῥ, τ</b> (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as <b class="b3">καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε</b>, <b class="b3">καττόν</b>, etc. In compd. Verbs, <b class="b3">κατά</b> sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ<b class="b3">, κατ</b>, before β, λ, ρ<b class="b3">, θ</b>, respectively, as <b class="b3">κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε</b>; and before στ<b class="b3">, σχ</b>, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in <b class="b3">καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε</b>, as also in the Dor. forms <b class="b3">καβαίνων, κάπετον</b>.</span></div2<br /> <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> = [[κατὰ τά]], <span class="title">IG</span>22.334.15; cf. [[κά]]. κᾆτα, Att. crasis for <b class="b3">καὶ εἶτα</b>, v. [[εἶτα]] sub fin. κατάβα, for <b class="b3">κατάβηθι</b>, aor. 2 imper. of <b class="b3">καταβαίνω</b>.</span> | |Definition=[κᾰτᾰ], poet. <b class="b3">καταί</b> acc. to <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>309.28</span>, found in Compds., as <b class="b3">καταιβάτης</b>: Prep. with gen. or acc.:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">downwards</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> denoting motion from above, <b class="b2">down from</b>, <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης</b>, <span class="bibl">Il. 22.187</span>, <span class="bibl">16.677</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.399</span>; κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας <span class="bibl">Il.6.128</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">232</span>; δάκρυα . . κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε <span class="bibl">17.438</span>; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>355</span>; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.17</span>; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229c</span>; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>944a</span>:— for <b class="b3">κατ' ἄκρης</b> v. [[ἄκρα]]: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.82</span> (but perh. in sense <span class="bibl">11.1</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> denoting <b class="b2">downward motion</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">down upon</b> or <b class="b2">over</b>, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας <span class="bibl">Il.3.217</span>; of the dying, <b class="b3">κατὰ . . ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς</b> a cloud settled <b class="b2">upon</b> the eyes, <span class="bibl">5.696</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.321</span>; τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν . . νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν <span class="bibl">13.580</span>; <b class="b3">φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε</b> <b class="b2">down over . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.85</span>; [<b class="b3">κόπρος</b>] κ. σπείους κέχυτο . . πολλή <span class="bibl">9.330</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός</b>, v. [[Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>398a</span>; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>713</span>; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>177</span>; <b class="b3">ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς</b> [<b class="b3">πληγάς</b>] <span class="bibl">D.19.197</span>; ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας <span class="bibl">Plb.1.17.10</span>; οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες <span class="bibl">Id.3.19.7</span>; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.256</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κόρρης παίειν</b>, = [[ἐπὶ κόρρης]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>12</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b2">along, upon</b>, <b class="b3">πίπτειν κατ'</b> [<b class="b3">εὐθείας</b>] <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2; <b class="b3">αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται</b> will move <b class="b2">on . .</b>, ib.1.23, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Aristarch.Sam.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">down into</b>, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν <span class="bibl">Il.19.39</span>; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο <span class="bibl">13.504</span>, etc.; ἔθηκε κατ' ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος <span class="bibl">21.172</span>; ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο <span class="bibl">23.100</span>; <b class="b3">κ. γᾶς</b> <b class="b2">under</b>ground, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.59</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὕδατος</b> <b class="b2">under</b> water, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.149</span>; [<b class="b3">ποταμὸς</b>] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> <span class="bibl">113c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>25d</span>; κ. γῆς σύμεναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1007</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι</b> to bury. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ κ. γῆς</b> one dead and buried, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.5</span>; οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>689</span>, etc.; θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>475</span> (lyr.), etc.; so <b class="b3">κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.6</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span>; also <b class="b3">βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων</b> go <b class="b2">down by</b> or <b class="b2">through . .</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1433</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> later, <b class="b2">towards</b> a point, <b class="b3">τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ</b> to shoot <b class="b2">at</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.7.8</span>; κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of vows or oaths, <b class="b2">by</b>, καθ' ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι <span class="bibl">D.29.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">54.38</span>; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων <span class="bibl">Lys.32.13</span>; esp. of the victims, etc., <b class="b2">over</b> which the oath is taken, <b class="b3">ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων</b> Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>29.5</span>, <span class="title">Foed.Delph.Pell.</span>1<span class="title">A</span>9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1.16</span>; also <b class="b3">κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι</b> to imprecate destruction on oneself, <span class="bibl">Id.21.119</span>; κατ' ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.57.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to make a vow <b class="b2">towards</b>, i.e. make a vow of offering... κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>660</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in hostile sense, <b class="b2">against</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>221</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>304</span>, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.18.19</span>; esp. of judges giving sentence <b class="b2">against</b> a person, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>198</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>449</span>, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Lys.22.7</span>; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.5.2</span>, etc.; of speeches, [<b class="b3">λόγος</b>] <b class="b3">κ. Μειδίου</b>, etc. (opp. <b class="b3">πρὸς Λεπτίνην</b>, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Din.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of Time,<b class="b2">for</b>, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.37; <b class="b3">κ. βίου</b> <b class="b2">for</b> life, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.50; κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε <span class="bibl">D. 22.72</span> falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον <span class="bibl">Lycurg.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">in respect of, concerning</b>, μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>70d</span>; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>253b</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι</b> praises <b class="b2">bestowed on</b> D., <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρεῖν</b> or <b class="b3">λέγειν κατά τινος</b> to say <b class="b2">of</b> one, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>323b</span>, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>198.10</span>; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 73d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">74b</span>; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1307b2</span>; freq. in the Logic of Arist., <b class="b3">κατά τινος λέγεσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">κατηγορεῖσθαι</b> to be predicated <b class="b2">of... Int</b>.16b10, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cat.</span>1b10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καταφῆσαί</b> (or <b class="b3">ἀποφῆσαί</b>) <b class="b3"> τι κατά τινος</b> to affirm (or deny) <b class="b2">of... Metaph</b>.<span class="bibl">1007b21</span>; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Int.</span>16b13</span>: and in Adv. <b class="b3">καθόλου</b> (q.v.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> WITH Acc., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of motion <b class="b2">downwards</b>, <b class="b3">κ. ῥόον</b> <b class="b2">down</b> stream, <span class="bibl">Od.14.254</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.33</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.96</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.194</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229a</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν</b>, <b class="b2">down</b> (i.e. <b class="b2">with</b>) the wind, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>690</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>468</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πνεῦμα, κατ' ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to leeward</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>535a19</span>, <span class="bibl">560b13</span>, Dsc.4.153. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with or without signf. of motion, <b class="b2">on, over, throughout</b> a space, freq. in Hom., καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος <span class="bibl">Od.1.344</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.770</span>, <span class="bibl">9.329</span>; κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα <span class="bibl">Od.20.64</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.276</span>, <span class="bibl">6.136</span>, <span class="bibl">3.151</span>; κ. πτόλιν <span class="bibl">Od.2.383</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.286</span>, <span class="bibl">6.56</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν</b>, <span class="bibl">3.36</span>, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">487</span>; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα <span class="bibl">17.512</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον</b>, <span class="bibl">5.84</span>, <span class="bibl">18.159</span>, <span class="bibl">16.331</span>; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.16</span>, etc. (in later Gr.of motion <b class="b2">to</b> a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν <span class="bibl">Zos.3.1</span>); καθ' Ἑλλάδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>578</span>; κ. πτόλιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>6</span>; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν <span class="bibl">D.18.169</span>; τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.157</span>, etc.; κ. τὸ προάστιον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.54</span>; τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>528</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>869</span> (lyr.): Geom., <b class="b2">at</b> a point, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.1</span>,al.; <b class="b3">τέμνειν</b> [<b class="b3">σφαῖραν</b>] <b class="b3">κ. κύκλον</b> <b class="b2">in</b> a circle, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>1.17</span>; also, <b class="b2">in the region of</b>, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες <span class="bibl">Gem.12.7</span>: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.11.108</span>, <span class="bibl">16.465</span>, al.; νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον <span class="bibl">5.46</span>; οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον <span class="bibl">11.339</span>; so <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα</b>, <span class="bibl">5.537</span>,<span class="bibl">615</span>; <b class="b3">βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν</b> struck <b class="b2">upon</b> a vital part, v.l. in <span class="bibl">11.439</span>: metaph., ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε <span class="bibl">19.125</span>: generally, <b class="b3">κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν</b> <b class="b2">in</b> heart and soul, <span class="bibl">4.163</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">opposite, over against</b>, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.30</span>, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>505</span>; μολὼν . . μοι κ. στόμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>573</span>; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ki.</span>12.11</span>; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.18</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν</b> ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ... περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span> 15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.108</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">distributively</b>, of a whole divided into parts, <b class="b3">κρῖν' ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας</b> <b class="b2">by</b> tribes, <b class="b2">by</b> clans, <span class="bibl">Il.2.362</span>; <b class="b3">κ. σφέας μαχέονται</b> <b class="b2">by</b> themselves, <b class="b2">separately</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">366</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.64</span>; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.25</span>; αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1013</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι</b> <b class="b2">in separate</b> villages, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.96</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο</b> each <b class="b2">to his own</b> home, <span class="bibl">Id.5.15</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.89</span>, <span class="bibl">3.1</span>: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>247a</span>; later οἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.259.72</span> (i A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.32.6</span>, etc.; ἡ κατ' οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.904.20</span>(ii A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἔπος</b> word <b class="b2">by</b> word, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>802</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὄνομα</b> <b class="b2">individually</b>, <span class="title">3 Ep.Jo.</span>15, etc.; <b class="b3">παῖδα κ. κρήνην</b> <b class="b2">at each</b> fount a boy, <span class="title">Lyr.Alex.Adesp.</span>37.13, cf. <span class="title">POxy</span> 2108.9 (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Time, <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ</b>, day <b class="b2">by</b> day, daily, v. [[ἡμέρα]] 111; <b class="b3">καθ' ἑνιαυτόν, κατ' ἔτος</b>, <span class="title">Test.Epict.</span>6.24, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.41</span>, etc.; κ. μῆνα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>275.18</span> (i A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of Numbers, <b class="b2">by</b> so many <b class="b2">at a time</b>, <b class="b3">καθ' ἕνα</b> one <b class="b2">at a time, individually</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span> (later τὸ καθ' ἕν <b class="b2">detailed list</b>, PTeb.47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); <b class="b3">κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο</b> <b class="b2">by</b> ones and twos, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.113</span>; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ' ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Id.6.79</span>; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ' ὀλίγους <span class="bibl">Id.8.113</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν</b> to pay <span class="bibl">500</span> drachmae <b class="b2">on every</b> <span class="bibl">25</span> minae, <span class="bibl">D.27.7</span>; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον <b class="b2">in separate sums of</b> 200 and 300 drachmae, <span class="bibl">Id.27.11</span>; of ships, <b class="b3">κ. μίαν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ναῦν</b>) <b class="b2">in column</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>; κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.26.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>: Geom., <b class="b3">μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά . .</b>, measure, be measured a certain number of times, <span class="bibl">Euc.7</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>8,9,al.; <b class="b3">μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας</b> <b class="b2">as many times as</b> there are units in B, Id.7.16. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> of direction <b class="b2">towards</b> an object or purpose, <b class="b3">πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν</b> <b class="b2">on</b> a business, <b class="b2">for</b> or <b class="b2">after</b> a matter, <span class="bibl">Od. 3.72</span>, <span class="bibl">9.253</span>; <b class="b3">πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα</b> to rove <b class="b2">in search of</b> booty, <span class="bibl">3.106</span>; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.152</span>; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα <span class="bibl">Il.1.424</span>; ἐπιδημεῖν κατ' ἐμπορίαν <span class="title">IG</span>22.141.32, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>11.1</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν</b> come to seek his help, consult him, <span class="bibl">Od.11.479</span>, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.70</span>; <b class="b3">κ. θέαν ἥκειν</b> to have come <b class="b2">for the purpose of</b> seeing, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν <span class="bibl">Id.7.31</span>; καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.2</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τί</b>; <b class="b2">for</b> what purpose? why? <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>239</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.89</span>; simply <b class="b3">κ. τινά</b> <b class="b2">after</b> him, <span class="bibl">Id.1.84</span>; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους <span class="bibl">Id.9.53</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἴχνος</b> <b class="b2">on</b> the track, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>32</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>695</span> (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>115b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> Geom., in adverbial phrases, <b class="b3">κ. κάθετον</b> <b class="b2">in the same</b> vertical line, <span class="bibl">Archim. <span class="title">Quadr.</span>6</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι</b> <b class="b2">in the same</b> straight line with... <span class="bibl">Papp. 58.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> of fitness or conformity, <b class="b2">in accordance with</b>, κ. θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.1.136</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον</b> <b class="b2">after</b> our liking, <span class="bibl">9.108</span>; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.97</span>; <b class="b3">κ. μοῖραν</b> <b class="b2">as is</b> meet and right, <span class="bibl">Il.1.286</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον</b>, <span class="bibl">10.445</span>,<span class="bibl">472</span>; κ. νόμον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>417</span>; κὰν νόμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.78</span>; κ. τοὺς νόμους <span class="title">IG</span>22.1227.15; <b class="b3">αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα</b> <b class="b2">for</b> what cause, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 228</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον</b>, <b class="b2">for</b> (i.e. <b class="b2">because of</b>) hatred, envy, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>336</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>686</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν</b>, do <b class="b2">as</b> one pleases, <span class="bibl">Th. 2.37</span>,<span class="bibl">53</span>; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.38</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.60</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ . .</b> <b class="b2">for</b> no other <b class="b2">reason</b> but that... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229d</span>; <b class="b3">κ. δύναμιν</b> <b class="b2">to the best of</b> one's power, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.142</span>, etc. (<b class="b3">κὰδ δ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>); <b class="b3">κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν</b> arrange <b class="b2">suitably</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.6</span>,al.; <b class="b3">κατ' εὐνοίην</b> <b class="b2">with</b> goodwill, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.108</span>; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.8</span>, etc.; in quotations, <b class="b2">according to</b>, κατ' Αἰσχύλον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>134</span>; κ. Πίνδαρον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>227b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">in relation to, concerning</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους</b> = [[τὰ ἀνθρώπινα]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>930</span>, <span class="bibl">310</span>; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">214</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. πόλεμον</b> <b class="b2">military</b> matters, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.181</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι</b> (opp. <b class="b3">αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις</b>) the management of <b class="b2">public</b> affairs, <span class="bibl">Din. 1.97</span>; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας <span class="title">SIG</span>506.7(Delph., iii B.C.); so <b class="b3">τὸ κατ' ὑμέας</b> <b class="b2">as far as concerns</b> you, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κατ' ἐμέ</b> <b class="b2">as far as</b> I <b class="b2">am concerned</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.247</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τοῦτο</b> <b class="b2">in</b> this <b class="b2">respect</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.3</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. ταὐτά</b> <b class="b2">in</b> the same <b class="b2">way</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ὅτι</b> <b class="b2">so far as</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.82</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Comparisons, <b class="b2">corresponding with, after the fashion of</b>, <b class="b3">κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ</b>. <b class="b2">like</b> the coat of an onion, dub. in <span class="bibl">Od.19.233</span>; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.67</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Μιθραδάτην</b> <b class="b2">answering to the description of</b> him, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.121</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα</b> <b class="b2">like</b> an oven in appearance, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1001</span>; <b class="b3">κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν</b> to marry <b class="b2">in</b> one's own <b class="b2">rank</b> of life, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>890</span>; οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>425</span>; λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>925</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ σέ</b> none <b class="b2">of</b> your <b class="b2">sort</b>, <span class="bibl">Chionid.1</span> (but <b class="b3">ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ</b> to address you <b class="b2">in</b> your own <b class="b2">style</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467c</span>); τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.28.5</span>; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας <span class="bibl">D.21.169</span>; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1310b3</span>: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα</b> too great for tears, <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>; <b class="b3">ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας</b> morerefined than <b class="b2">was common among</b> the Thracians, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">by the favour of</b> a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.68</span>; κ. θεῖον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>147</span> codd. (<b class="b3">κ. θεὸν</b> Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά <span class="bibl">D.48.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), <b class="b2">nearly, about</b>, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years <b class="b2">more or less</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.145</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.44</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κατ' οὐδέν</b> <b class="b2">next to</b> nothing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>302b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> of Time, <b class="b2">during</b> or <b class="b2">in the course of</b> a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.137</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ</b>, <b class="b2">by</b> day, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ch.</span>818</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>668</span>; κατ' εὐφρόνην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLille</span>1r14</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>27.60</span> (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">about</b>, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.131</span>, etc.; κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων <span class="bibl">Id.6.58</span>; esp. with names of persons, <b class="b3">κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα</b> <b class="b2">about the time of</b> Amasis, <span class="bibl">Id.2.134</span>; κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον Χρόνον <span class="bibl">Id.1.67</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην</b>) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι <span class="bibl">D.21.146</span> (v.l. [[κατ' ἐκ. τὸν Χρόνον]]) ; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>10.8</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι</b> their contemporaries, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καθ' ἕτος</b> <b class="b2">this</b> year, <span class="title">SIG</span> 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), <span class="title">OGI</span>458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), <span class="title">CIG</span>3641b5,38 (Lampsacus). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> periphrastically with abstract Subst., <b class="b3">κατ' ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος</b>, = [[ἡσύχως, ταχέως]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.9</span>,<span class="bibl">7.178</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κράτος</b> <b class="b2">by</b> force, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. μέρος</b> <b class="b2">partially</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456a16</span>; <b class="b2">individually, severally</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>157b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>835a</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φύσιν</b> <b class="b2">naturally</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>428e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὴν τέχνην</b> <b class="b2">skilfully</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>20.7</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν</b> [<b class="b3">ἐστι</b>] it is not <b class="b2">pleasant</b> for me to tell you, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>263</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> Position: <b class="b3">κατά</b> may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. <b class="b3">κάτα</b>, as <span class="bibl">Il.20.221</span>, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, <span class="bibl">17.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like [[κάτω]], <b class="b2">downwards, from above, down</b>, freq. in Hom. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">κατά</b> in COMPOS., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">downwards, down</b>, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">in answer to, in accordance with</b>, as in <b class="b3">κατᾴδω</b> (<b class="b2">occino</b>), <b class="b3">καταινέω, καταθύμιος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">against</b>, in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in <b class="b3">καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι</b>: more rarely with a Subst., as <b class="b3">καταδίκη</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">back, back again</b>, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in <b class="b3">κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν</b>, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in <b class="b3">κατάδηλος, κάτοξος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our <b class="b2">be-</b>, as in <b class="b3">καταθρηνέω</b> <b class="b2">be</b>wail. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> implying <b class="b2">waste</b> or <b class="b2">consumption</b>, as in <b class="b3">καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω</b>: and generally in a <b class="b2">disparaging</b> sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">F</span> <b class="b3">κατά</b> as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in Ep., into <b class="b3">κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ</b>, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν<b class="b3">, π</b> (or φ) <b class="b3">, ῥ, τ</b> (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as <b class="b3">καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε</b>, <b class="b3">καττόν</b>, etc. In compd. Verbs, <b class="b3">κατά</b> sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ<b class="b3">, κατ</b>, before β, λ, ρ<b class="b3">, θ</b>, respectively, as <b class="b3">κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε</b>; and before στ<b class="b3">, σχ</b>, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in <b class="b3">καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε</b>, as also in the Dor. forms <b class="b3">καβαίνων, κάπετον</b>.</span></div2<br /> <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> = [[κατὰ τά]], <span class="title">IG</span>22.334.15; cf. [[κά]]. κᾆτα, Att. crasis for <b class="b3">καὶ εἶτα</b>, v. [[εἶτα]] sub fin. κατάβα, for <b class="b3">κατάβηθι</b>, aor. 2 imper. of <b class="b3">καταβαίνω</b>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1338.png Seite 1338]] ion. = [[καθά]], d. i. καθ' ἅ. kommt als adv. nicht mehr vor u. erscheint nur in einzelnen Fällen ohne Casus, wo man eine Tmesis annehmen muß, wie auch κατὰ δὲ προτόνοισιν ἔδησαν Od. 2, 425. 15, 290 zu fassen, sie banden mit Tauen fest, wo der dat. nicht zu [[κατά]] gezogen werden darf; vgl. κατὰ συφεοῖσιν ἐέργνυ 10, 238. Als Präposition mit der Grundbedeutung <b class="b2">herab</b> u. <b class="b2">darüberhin</b>. | |||
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Revision as of 19:56, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[κᾰτᾰ], poet. καταί acc. to A.D.Synt.309.28, found in Compds., as καταιβάτης: Prep. with gen. or acc.:—
A downwards. A WITH GEN., I denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od.14.399; κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il.6.128; καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib.232; δάκρυα . . κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar.V.355; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X.An.4.2.17; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl.Phdr.229c; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id.Lg.944a:— for κατ' ἄκρης v. ἄκρα: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ Theoc.7.82 (but perh. in sense 11.1). II denoting downward motion, 1 down upon or over, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.3.217; of the dying, κατὰ . . ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321; τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν . . νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over . ., Od.8.85; [κόπρος] κ. σπείους κέχυτο . . πολλή 9.330; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, v. Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl.R.398a; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar.V.713; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id.Nu.177; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [πληγάς] D.19.197; ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας Plb.1.17.10; οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες Id.3.19.7; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc.25.256; κ. κόρρης παίειν, = ἐπὶ κόρρης, Luc.Cat.12, al. b Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατ' [εὐθείας] Archim.Sph.Cyl.1 Def.2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on . ., ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam.1. 2 down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il.19.39; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504, etc.; ἔθηκε κατ' ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172; ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100; κ. γᾶς underground, Pi.O.2.59; κατ' ὕδατος under water, Hdt.2.149; [ποταμὸς] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd. 113c, cf. Ti.25d; κ. γῆς σύμεναι A.Eu.1007 (anap.); κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S.Ant.24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X.Cyr.4.6.5; οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί A.Pers.689, etc.; θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς Id.Ch.475 (lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, Hdt.7.6,235; also βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων go down by or through . ., S.El.1433. 3 later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn.6.7.8; κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc.Rh.Pr.9. 4 of vows or oaths, by, καθ' ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D.29.26, cf. 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys.32.13; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th.5.47, cf. Arist.Ath.29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell.1A9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D.Ep.1.16; also κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id.21.119; κατ' ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id.57.22. b to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering... κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων Ar. Eq.660. 5 in hostile sense, against, A.Ch.221, S.Aj.304, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D.18.19; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A.Th.198, S.Aj.449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys.22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S.Ph.65, cf. X.HG1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din.3.6, cf. 18. 6 of Time,for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG12.94.37; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl.1.50; κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι IG9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72 falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg.7. 7 in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd.70d; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id.Sph.253b; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin.3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl.Ap.37b, Prt.323b, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D.Synt.198.10; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl.Men. 73d, cf. 74b; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist.Pol. 1307b2; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be predicated of... Int.16b10, Cat.1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of... Metaph.1007b21; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν Int.16b13: and in Adv. καθόλου (q.v.). B WITH Acc., I of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od.14.254, Il.12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt.2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id.1.194, Pl.Phdr.229a; κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A.Th.690, S.Tr.468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ' ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist.HA535a19, 560b13, Dsc.4.153. 2 with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom., καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od.1.344; κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il.11.770, 9.329; κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od.20.64; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il.4.276, 6.136, 3.151; κ. πτόλιν Od.2.383; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il.18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib.487; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X.Cyr.7.5.16, etc. (in later Gr.of motion to a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos.3.1); καθ' Ἑλλάδα A.Ag.578; κ. πτόλιν Id.Th.6; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν D.18.169; τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin.1.157, etc.; κ. τὸ προάστιον Hdt.3.54; τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν A. Th.528, cf. Supp.869 (lyr.): Geom., at a point, Euc.1.1,al.; τέμνειν [σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον in a circle, Archim.Aren.1.17; also, in the region of, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem.12.7: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα, etc., Il.11.108, 16.465, al.; νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46; οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον 11.339; so βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα, 5.537,615; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, v.l. in 11.439: metaph., ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε 19.125: generally, κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν in heart and soul, 4.163, al. 3 opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt.1.76, cf. 2.148, Th.2.30, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα A.Th.505; μολὼν . . μοι κ. στόμα Id.Ch.573; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX 2 Ki.12.11; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X.HG4.2.18; κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ... περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict.Ench. 15, cf. D.L.7.108. II distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν' ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il.2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib.366, cf. Th.4.64; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X.Cyr.2.1.25; αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν A.Pr.1013; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt.1.96; κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id.5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th.1.89, 3.1: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl.Phdr.247a; later οἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond.2.259.72 (i A. D.), cf. D.Chr.32.6, etc.; ἡ κατ' οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή PLond.3.904.20(ii A.D.), etc.; κατ' ἔπος word by word, Ar.Ra.802; κατ' ὄνομα individually, 3 Ep.Jo.15, etc.; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, Lyr.Alex.Adesp.37.13, cf. POxy 2108.9 (iii A.D.). 2 of Time, καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα 111; καθ' ἑνιαυτόν, κατ' ἔτος, Test.Epict.6.24, Ev.Luc.2.41, etc.; κ. μῆνα POxy.275.18 (i A.D.). 3 of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθ' ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt.7.104 (later τὸ καθ' ἕν detailed list, PTeb.47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt.4.113; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ' ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id.6.79; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ' ὀλίγους Id.8.113; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D.27.7; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον in separate sums of 200 and 300 drachmae, Id.27.11; of ships, κ. μίαν (sc. ναῦν) in column, Th.2.90; κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb.1.26.12, cf. Th.2.84: Geom., μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά . ., measure, be measured a certain number of times, Euc.7 Def.8,9,al.; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, Id.7.16. III of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt.2.152; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il.1.424; ἐπιδημεῖν κατ' ἐμπορίαν IG22.141.32, cf. Arist.Ath.11.1; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od.11.479, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt.2.70; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th.6.31; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id.7.31; καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X.An.3.5.2; κ. τί; for what purpose? why? Ar.Nu.239. 2 of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt.9.89; simply κ. τινά after him, Id.1.84; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id.9.53; κατ' ἴχνος on the track, S.Aj.32, A.Ag.695 (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl.Phd.115b. 3 Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr.6; κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with... Papp. 58.7. IV of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν Il.1.136; καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt.4.97; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il.1.286; κατ' αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445,472; κ. νόμον Hes.Th.417; κὰν νόμον Pi.O.8.78; κ. τοὺς νόμους IG22.1227.15; αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα for what cause, A.Pr. 228; κατ' ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id.Supp.336, Eu.686; καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37,53; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt.8.30, cf. 9.38; κ. φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος, Th.1.60, 103, etc.; κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ . . for no other reason but that... Pl.Phdr.229d; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one's power, Hdt.3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes.Op.336); κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, Isoc.2.6,al.; κατ' εὐνοίην with goodwill, Hdt.6.108; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα X.An.2.2.8, etc.; in quotations, according to, κατ' Αἰσχύλον Ar.Th.134; κ. Πίνδαρον Pl.Phdr.227b, etc. 2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A.Eu.930, 310; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt.1.31; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib.214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin.1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG506.7(Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατ' ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt.7.158; τὸ κατ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D.18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt.5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, Id.2.20; καθ' ὅτι so far as, Th.1.82, etc. 3 in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od.19.233; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi.P.2.67; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt.1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar.Av.1001; κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν to marry in one's own rank of life, A.Pr.890; οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id.Th.425; λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id.Ag.925; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid.1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ to address you in your own style, Pl.Grg.467c); τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ Arr.Epict.1.28.5; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D.21.169; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί Arist.Pol.1310b3: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38, cf. Pl.Ap.20e, etc.; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, Th.7.75; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, Hdt.4.95. V by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα Pi.O.9.28, cf. P.8.68; κ. θεῖον Ar.Eq.147 codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά D.48.24. VI of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), nearly, about, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years more or less, Hdt.2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατ' οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl.Plt.302b. VII of Time, during or in the course of a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.7.137; καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, by day, A. Ch.818, Ag.668; κατ' εὐφρόνην Id.Pers.221; κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, PLille1r14 (iii B.C.), PTeb.27.60 (ii B.C.). 2 about, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον Hdt.3.131, etc.; κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id.6.58; esp. with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, Id.2.134; κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον Χρόνον Id.1.67; οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον (sc. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D.21.146 (v.l. κατ' ἐκ. τὸν Χρόνον) ; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X.Lac.10.8; οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, Id.Mem.3.5.10. 3 καθ' ἕτος this year, SIG 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), OGI458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), CIG3641b5,38 (Lampsacus). VIII periphrastically with abstract Subst., κατ' ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, = ἡσύχως, ταχέως, Hdt.1.9,7.178; κ. κράτος by force, X.HG2.1.19, etc.; κ. μέρος partially, Arist.Po.1456a16; individually, severally, Pl.Tht.157b, Lg.835a; κ. φύσιν naturally, Hdt. 2.38, Pl.R.428e; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, Luc.DDeor.20.7; οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, A.Pr.263. C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. κάτα, as Il.20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91. D abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like κάτω, downwards, from above, down, freq. in Hom. E κατά in COMPOS., I downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1. II in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος. III against, in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a Subst., as καταδίκη. IV back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11. V freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος. VI sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail. VII implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1. F κατά as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in Ep., into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ) , ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, κατά sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε; and before στ, σχ, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the Dor. forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.</div2
A = κατὰ τά, IG22.334.15; cf. κά. κᾆτα, Att. crasis for καὶ εἶτα, v. εἶτα sub fin. κατάβα, for κατάβηθι, aor. 2 imper. of καταβαίνω.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1338] ion. = καθά, d. i. καθ' ἅ. kommt als adv. nicht mehr vor u. erscheint nur in einzelnen Fällen ohne Casus, wo man eine Tmesis annehmen muß, wie auch κατὰ δὲ προτόνοισιν ἔδησαν Od. 2, 425. 15, 290 zu fassen, sie banden mit Tauen fest, wo der dat. nicht zu κατά gezogen werden darf; vgl. κατὰ συφεοῖσιν ἐέργνυ 10, 238. Als Präposition mit der Grundbedeutung herab u. darüberhin.
