Dicaearchia
διὸ δὴ πᾶς ἀνὴρ σπουδαῖος τῶν ὄντων σπουδαίων πέρι πολλοῦ δεῖ μὴ γράψας ποτὲ ἐν ἀνθρώποις εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν καταβαλεῖ → And this is the reason why every serious man in dealing with really serious subjects carefully avoids writing, lest thereby he may possibly cast them as a prey to the envy and stupidity of the public | Therefore every man of worth, when dealing with matters of worth, will be far from exposing them to ill feeling and misunderstanding among men by committing them to writing
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
Dĭcaearchī̆a: ae, f.,
I the old name of Puteoli, now Puzzuolo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 61; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 4 Müll.—Also called Dĭcarchis, ĭdos, f., Petr. 120, 68; and: Dicarchi moenia, Stat. Silv. 2, 2, 96.—
II Derivv.
A Dĭcaearchi, the inhabitants of that city.—Gen. plur. in Greek form, Dicaearcheum, Lucil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 122, 14 Müll. (cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 193 and 281).—
B Dĭcarchē-us, a, um, adj., of Dicaearchia or Puteoli: sinus, Stat. Silv. 2, 2, 110: urbs, Sil. 13, 385: proles, id. 8, 535.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
Dĭcæarchīa (-ēa), æ, f. (Δικαιάρχεια), Dicéarchie ou Dicéarchée [ancien nom de Putéoles, Pouzzoles] : Plin. 3, 61 ; P. Fest. 72, 4 || -chēus, a, um, de Dicéarchée : Stat. S. 2, 2, 110 || gén. pl. -chēum, des Dicéarchéens : P. Fest. 122, 14.
Wikipedia EN
Pozzuoli began as the Greek colony of Dicaearchia (Greek: Δικαιαρχία) founded in about 531 BC in Magna Graecia with the consent of nearby Cumae when refugees from Samos escaped from the tyranny of Polycrates.
The Samnites occupied Dicaearchia in 421 BC after conquering Cumae and may have changed its name to Fistelia. It enjoyed considerable political and commercial autonomy favoured by the excellent position of its port with the Campanian hinterland. The Roman occupation of Campania after the end of the 1st Samnite War from 341 BC marked the start of the Romanisation of the Greek-Samnite city.
During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), Rome recognised the strategic importance of the port of Puteoli and reinforced the defences and introduced a garrison to protect the town from Hannibal, who failed to capture it in 215. They made it a Roman colony from 195 BC. The Roman conquest of the east and the need for a port to trade made it the Mediterranean port of Rome, even though it was 150 miles away. It took the name Puteoli whose roots are in the Latin puteus (well or cistern). An alternative etymology of Puteoli derives from the Latin puteo (to stink), referring to the sulfuric fumes in the area, most notably from Solfatara.
Puteoli became the great emporium for the Alexandrian grain ships and other ships from all over the Roman world. It also was the main hub for goods exported from Campania, including blown glass, mosaics, wrought iron, and marble. Lucilius wrote in about 125 BC that it was second only to Delos in importance, then the greatest harbour of the ancient world. Many inscriptions show that a polyglot population established companies (stationes) for trade and transport and formed professional guilds for arts, crafts and religious associations for foreign cults; they included Greeks from the islands and the coast of Asia, Jews and later Christians. Under the Roman Empire, it was the greatest emporium of foreign trade in all of Italy. Trade with Tyre was so important that the Tyrians established a factory there in 174 (C.I. no. 5853).
