Puteoli

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

Pŭtĕŏli: ōrum, m.,
I a city on the coast of Campania, opposite Baiœ, having mineral springs, a favorite resort of the Romans, now Puzzuoli, Mel. 2, 4, 9; Cic. Att. 15, 20, 3; id. Fin. 2, 26, 84; Liv. 24, 13; 34, 35 et saep.—Hence,
II Pŭtĕŏlānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Puteoli, Puteolan: sinus, Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 82: praedia, Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 78: Cluvius, id. Fam. 13, 56, 1: pulvis, volcanic ashes of Puteoli, Pozzuolana, Sen. Q. N. 3, 20, 3; Plin. 16, 39, 75, § 202; 35, 13, 47, § 167.—Substt.:
   A Pŭtĕŏlā-num, i, n., a country-seat of Cicero, near Puteoli, Cic. Fat. 1, 2; id. Att. 16, 1, 1.—
   2    Transf., a blue pigment, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161.—
   B In plur.: Pŭtĕŏlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Puteoli, the Puteolans, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 35, 86.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

Pŭtĕŏlī,¹² ōrum, m., Putéoles [ville maritime de la Campanie, près de Naples, auj. Pouzzoles ou Pozzuoli] : Cic. Att. 15, 20, 3 || -ānus, a, um, de Putéoles : Cic. Agr. 2, 78 ; Puteolanus pulvis Sen. Nat. 3, 20, 3, pouzzolane || -ānum, ī, n., maison de campagne de Putéoles : Cic. Att. 16, 1, 1 || -ānī, ōrum, m., habitants de Putéoles : Cic. Tusc. 1, 86.

Latin > German (Georges)

Puteolī, ōrum, m., eine Stadt in Kampanien an der Küste, mit vielen mineralischen Quellen, Lieblingsaufenthalt der Römer, j. Pozzuolo, Varro LL. 5. 25. Cic. ad Att. 15, 20, 3; de fin. 2, 84. Liv. 24, 13, 6: Puteoli adhuc celebres, Symm. epist. 1, 8. – Dav. Puteolānus, a, um, puteolanisch, Cic.: pulvis, Puzzolanerde, Sen. (vgl. pulvis). – subst., a) Puteolānum, ī, n., ein Landgut Ciceros bei Puteoli, das Puteolanum, in Puteolano, Cic. u. Plin. – b) Puteolānī, ōrum, m., die Einw. von Puteoli, die Puteolaner, Cic.

Wikipedia EN

Pozzuoli began as the Greek colony of Dicaearchia (Greek: Δικαιαρχία) founded in about 531 BC in Magna Graecia with the consent of nearby Cumae when refugees from Samos escaped from the tyranny of Polycrates.

The Samnites occupied Dicaearchia in 421 BC after conquering Cumae and may have changed its name to Fistelia. It enjoyed considerable political and commercial autonomy favoured by the excellent position of its port with the Campanian hinterland. The Roman occupation of Campania after the end of the 1st Samnite War from 341 BC marked the start of the Romanisation of the Greek-Samnite city.

During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), Rome recognised the strategic importance of the port of Puteoli and reinforced the defences and introduced a garrison to protect the town from Hannibal, who failed to capture it in 215. They made it a Roman colony from 195 BC. The Roman conquest of the east and the need for a port to trade made it the Mediterranean port of Rome, even though it was 150 miles away. It took the name Puteoli whose roots are in the Latin puteus (well or cistern). An alternative etymology of Puteoli derives from the Latin puteo (to stink), referring to the sulfuric fumes in the area, most notably from Solfatara.

Puteoli became the great emporium for the Alexandrian grain ships and other ships from all over the Roman world. It also was the main hub for goods exported from Campania, including blown glass, mosaics, wrought iron, and marble. Lucilius wrote in about 125 BC that it was second only to Delos in importance, then the greatest harbour of the ancient world. Many inscriptions show that a polyglot population established companies (stationes) for trade and transport and formed professional guilds for arts, crafts and religious associations for foreign cults; they included Greeks from the islands and the coast of Asia, Jews and later Christians. Under the Roman Empire, it was the greatest emporium of foreign trade in all of Italy. Trade with Tyre was so important that the Tyrians established a factory there in 174 (C.I. no. 5853).