ὄρχις
Ἃ δέ σοι συνεχῶς παρήγγελλον, ταῦτα καὶ πρᾶττε καὶ μελέτα, στοιχεῖα τοῦ καλῶς ζῆν ταῦτ' εἶναι διαλαμβάνων (Epicurus, Letter to Menoeceus 123.2) → Carry on and practice the things I incessantly used to urge you to do, realizing that they are the essentials of a good life.
English (LSJ)
ιος and εως, ὁ, Att. nom. pl. ὄρχεις, Ion. ὄρχιες,
A testicle, freq. in pl., testicles, Hdt.4.109, Hp.Aër.4, Eub.63.4 (anap.), etc. ; cf. ὄσχις. 2 in females, ovaries, Gal.2.810, al. II plant so called from the form of its root, salep, Orchis papilionacea, and O. longicruris, Thphr. HP9.18.3, Dsc.3.126. III ὄρχις, ἡ, a kind of olive, Colum.5.8; cf. ὀρχάς (B). (Cf. Avest. arazi 'testicles'.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 390] ιος u. εως, ὁ, plur. att. οἱ ὄρχεις, Soph. frg. 549, Ar. Nubb. 702 u. öfter, ion. ὄρχιες, – 1) die Hode, Her. 4, 109 u. Sp. – 2) eine Pflanze mit hodenförmigen Wurzelknollen, Theophr. u. Diosc. – Auch eine Olivenart, vgl. ὀρχάς.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ὄρχις: -ιος καὶ -εως, ὁ, Ἀττ. ὀνομαστ. πληθ. ὄρχεις, Ἰων. ὄρχιες, ὡς καὶ νῦν, κοινῶς «ἀρχῖδι», πληθ. ἀρχίδια», Ἡρόδ. 4. 109, Ἱππ. π. Ἀέρ. 282, κτλ.· πρβλ. ὄσχις. ΙΙ. φυτόν τι οὕτω καλούμενον ἐκ τοῦ σχήματος τῶν ῥιζῶν αὐτοῦ, Θεοφρ. περὶ Φυτ. Ἱστ. 9. 18, 3, Διοσκ. 3. 141. ΙΙΙ. ὄρχις, ἡ, εἶδος ἐλαίας, Columella· ἴδε ὀρχάς.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ιος, att. –εως (ὁ) ; plur. -ιες, att. -εις;
testicule.
Étymologie: DELG arm. orjik.
Greek Monotonic
ὄρχις: -ιος και -εως, Αττ. ονομ. πληθ. ὄρχεις, Ιων. ὄρχιες, ο ανδρικός γεννητικός αδένας, σε Ηρόδ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὄρχις: ιος, атт. εως ὁ (pl. ὄρχιες, атт. ὄρχεις) (лат. testiculus) анат. яичко Her., Xen., Arph. etc.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: testicles (IA.); also as a plant name orchis, orchid (because of the root's shape; Thphr., Dsc.), sort of olive (after the fruit's shape; Colum.; Strömberg 37 a. 55).
Other forms: -εως, Ion. -ιος, mostly pl. -εις, -ιες.
Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀρχί-πεδα n. pl. scrota, testicles (Ar.; cf. Risch IF 59, 15) with -πεδίζω (Ar., H.); ἔν-ορχις provided with testicles, uncastrated (Hdt., Luc.), also ἔν-ορχ-ος (Ψ 147, Hp.; on the stemfomation Sommer Nominalkomp. 111 f.), ἐν-όρχ-ης also buck (Ar., Arist., Theoc.; -ης substantiv., Schwyzer 451), -ής (MiletosVIa, with shift to the σ-stems, Schw. 513).
Derivatives: Dimin. ὀρχίδια pl. n. (Dsc.) and ὀρχάς, -άδος f. sort of olive (Nic., Verg.; like κοτινάς a.o., Chantraine Form. 353).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [782] *h₃erǵʰ- testicle.
Etymology: Old inherited word, in several languages retained. With ὄρχις agree, ignoring enlargements, Arm. orj-ik` pl. testicles, gen. -woc̣ (IE *orǵhi-i̯o-), Alb. herdhë f. id., MIr. uirgge f. id. (both IE *orghi-i̯a?); only in ablaut deviates Av. ǝrǝzi m. du. id. (IE *r̥ǵhī). An l-deriv. has Balt., e.g. Lith. er̃žilas, dial. ar̃ž- m. stallion. -- Details e. lit. in WP. 1, 182f., Pok. 782, Fraenkel Wb. s.v.
Middle Liddell
the testicles, Hdt.
