fetialis

From LSJ

θοῦ, Κύριε, φυλακὴν τῷ στόµατί µου καὶ θύραν περιοχῆς περὶ τὰ χείλη µου → set a guard over my mouth, Lord; keep watch over the door of my lips | set a guard, O Lord, over my mouth; keep watch over the door of my lips (Psalm 140:3, Septuagint version)

Source

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

fētĭālis: e, adj. fetiales,
I of or belonging to the fetiales, fetial: jus, quo bella indicerentur, quod, per se justissime inventum sanxit fetiali religione, ut, etc., Cic. Rep. 2, 17: jus, id. Off. 1, 11, 36; 3, 29, 108: ceremoniae, Liv. 9, 11, 8: legatus, i. e. the fetial priest, fetialis, id. ib. § 11.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) fētĭālis,¹⁴ e, qui concerne les féciaux : fetiale jus Cic. Off. 1, 36, droit fécial.
(2) fētĭālis,¹¹ is, m., fécial [les féciaux, collège de 20 prêtres, chargés de déclarer la guerre suivant des rites précis, de présider aux formalités et à la rédaction des traités] : Liv. 9, 11, 11.

Latin > German (Georges)

fētiālis, is, m. (von *fētis, indogerm. *dhetis, griech. θέσις, Satzung, Gesetz), der Fetial (Kriegsherold, Bundespriester), im Plur. fētiālēs, ein Kollegium von zwanzig Priestern, dem die Aufrechterhaltung des Völkerrechts übertragen war, so daß sie unter gewissen feierlichen Gebräuchen Friedensschlüsse, Waffenstillstände u. Bündnisse heiligten, Mißhelligkeiten und Irrungen in bezug auf fremde Staaten schlichteten, religionswidrige (impia) Kriege zu verhüten hatten, von Staaten, die bundbrüchig geworden waren od. die Römer beeinträchtigt od. beleidigt hatten, Genugtuung forderten u. erst, wenn diese verweigert worden war, den Krieg genehmigten, Varro LL. 5, 86. Non p. 529 (in v.), Cic. de rep. 3, 20 M. u.a. – Die Fetialen (gew. vier), die als Gesandte abgeschickt wurden, um Bündnisse zu schließen, hießen fetiales legati, Varro de vit. P. R. 2. fr. 13 (aus Non. p. 529, 27); im Sing. legatus fetialis, Liv. 9, 11, 11: ihr Sprecher hieß pater patratus, s. Liv. 1, 24, 3 sqq.; 1, 32, 6 sqq. (an beiden Stellen auch über die Zeremonien der Fetialen). Vgl. Samtler in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. 6, 2259 ff. – Dav. fētiālis, e, fetialisch, ius, das Fetial-Recht (wonach die Fetialen verfuhren), Cic. de off. 1, 36 u. 3, 108 (vgl. Liv. 1, 32, 5: ius, quod nunc fetiales habent, quo res repetuntur): u. so iura, Arnob. 2, 67: caerimoniae, die Zeremonien der Fetialen, Liv. 9, 11, 8.

Latin > English

fetialis fetialis N M :: Roman priest/college of priests (pl.) representing Rome in diplomatic dealings

Wikipedia EN

A fetial (plural fetiales) was a type of priest in ancient Rome. They formed a collegium devoted to Jupiter as the patron of good faith.

The duties of the fetials included advising the senate on foreign affairs and international treaties, making formal proclamations of peace and of war, and confirming treaties. They also carried out the functions of traveling heralds or ambassadors (Pater Patratus).

The first mention of the fetials by Livy occurs in the context of the war between Alba Longa and Rome, during which the Roman king Tullus Hostilius appointed Marcus Valerius as a fetial and Spurius Fusius as pater patratus, for the purpose of binding Rome and Alba Longa by a treaty.

According to Livy, the ritual by which the fetials were to declare war, the ritual of rerum repetitio, was introduced to Rome by Ancus Marcius, borrowing on the traditions of the Aequicolae. However, he had already described the ritual actions of the fetials when recording the wars of Tullus Hostilius. Thus some scholars think the mentions of the Aequi may be a misinterpretation due to a folk etymology connecting Aequi to aequus, the Latin adjective for fair. On the other hand ancient sources support the tradition that the priesthood was created under the influence of Aequian king Fertor Resius.