ὁράω

English (LSJ)

contr. ὁρῶ even in Il.3.234, Ep. ὁρόω 5.244, etc.; Aeol. ὄρημι (q. v.); Ion. ὁρέω Hdt.1.80, etc., 2sg.

   A ὁρῇς Herod.2.67, al., 3sg. ὁρῇ Hp.Carn.17, Vid.Ac.I; inf. ὁρῆν Democr.11, Hp.Carn.2 (but 2sg. ὁρᾷς Archil.87, 3sg. ὁρᾷ Semon.7.80, cf. κατορᾷ Hdt.2.38; 1pl. ὁρῶμεν Id.5.40; 3pl. ὁρῶσι (ἐπ-) Id.1.124; inf. ὁρᾶν ib.33, 2.64): the forms ὁρῇς, ὁρῇ, ὁρῆν (exc. when found in Dor., as IG42(1).122.2, 15,47 (Epid., iv B. C.); impf. 3sg. ἑώρη ib.28,70) seem to imply ὁρή-ω (cf. ὄρημι), but ὁρᾷ, ὁρῶμεν, ὁρῶσι, etc. imply ὁρᾰ-ω: Att. impf. ἑώρων Th.1.51, Ar.Pl.713, Nu.354, (ἐ-) SIG344.110 (Teos, iv B. C.); Ion. 3sg. ὥρα Hdt.1.11, 3.72, 1pl. ὡρῶμεν (v.l. ὁρῶμεν) Id.2.131,2pl. ὡρᾶτε Id.7.8.β', 3pl. ὥρων Id.4.3, etc.; Ep. 3sg. ὅρα Il.16.646, cf. ὄρημι: pf. ἑόρᾱκα, a form required by the metre in many passages, as Ar.Th. 32, 33, Av.1573, Pl.98, 1045, Eup.181.3, Alex.272.1, Men.Epit.166, Pk.270, Bato 5.11, etc., whereas the metre never requires ἑώρακα; whence ἑόρακα, -άκη ought always to be restored in early Att. writers, though ἑώρακα was used in later Gr., PPetr.2p.55 (iii B. C.), SIG685.74 (ii B. C.), UPZ119.43 (ii B. C.), cf. Theognost.Can.150 (ἑώρακε<ν> is prob. in Men.5 D.): ἑωρ- in the impf. prob. comes from ἠ- ϝορ- (with a long form of the augment, cf. ἠειδ- (ᾐδ-) in impf. of οἶδα, while ἑορ- in the pf. comes from ϝε-ϝορ-, v. infr.: Ion. pf. ὁρώρηκα Herod.4.77, al., also ὥρηκα ib.40 ; Dor. pf. part. ὡρακυῖα IG42(1).122.6 (Epid., iv B. C.); 1sg. ὥρακα Baillet Inscr. destombeaux des rois 1210: an aor. 1 ἐσορήσαις only f.l. in Orph.Fr.247.16:—Med. ὁράομαι, contr. ὁρῶμαι even in Il.13.99 ; Ep. 2sg. ὅρηαι Od.14.343 (v. ὄρημι): impf. ἑωρώμην, also ὡρώμην (προ-) Act.Ap.2.25, Ep. 3sg. ὁρᾶτο Il.1.56:—Pass., pf. ἑώραμαι Isoc.15.110, D.54.16 : aor. ἑωράθην only in late Prose, D.S.20.6 ; inf. ὁρᾱθῆναι Arist.MA699b19, Pl.Def.411b, Luc.Jud.Voc. 6, etc.: fut. ὁραθήσομαι Gal.UP10.12 : verb. Adj. ὁρᾱτός, ὁρᾱτέον (qq. v.).—Hom. uses contr. forms, as ὁρῶ, ὁρᾷς, ὁρᾷ, ὅρα, ὁρᾶν, ὁρῶν, ὁρῶμαι, ὁρᾶται, ὁρᾶσθαι, ὁρώμενος, as well as lengthd. Ep. ὁρόω, ὁράᾳς, ὁράασθαι, ὁρόων, 2pl. opt. ὁρόῳτε Il.4.347, etc. ; besides these forms from ὁρα- (ὁρη-) we have    II from root ὀπ- (v. ὄψ) the only fut. in use, ὄψομαι, always in act. sense, Il.24.704, and Att., Ep. 2sg. ὄψεαι 8.471, Od.24.511: a rare aor. 1 ἐπ-όψατο in Pi.Fr.88.6 (for ἐπιώψατο, v. ἐπιόψομαι); subj. ὄψησθε Ev.Luc.13.28 (where the v.l. ὄψεσθε may be right): pf. ὄπωπα Il.6.124, Od.21.94, Emp.109, Hdt. 3.37,63, Hp.Art.1, Carn.17; Trag. and Com., as A.Eu.57, S.Ant.6, al., Ar.Lys.1157,1225, never in Att. Prose: plpf. 3sg. ὀπώπει Od.21.123, ὀπώπεε Hdt.5.92.ζ'; ὀπώπεσαν Id.7.125 :—Pass., aor. 1 ὤφθην S.Ant.709, E.Hec.970, Th.4.73, etc. ; opt. (Ion.) ὀφθείησαν Hdt.8.7 ; part. ὀφθείς, inf. ὀφθῆναι, Id.1.9,10 (for ἐπι-οφθέντας, v. ἐπιόψομαι): fut. ὀφθήσομαι S.Tr.452, E.HF1155, And.2.10, Lys.3.34 : pf. ὦμμαι Is.Fr.165, ὦψαι D.18.263, ὦπται A.Pr.998, D.24.66; cf. ὀπτέον.    III from ϝιδ- are formed aor. Act. εἶδον, inf. ἰδεῖν : aor. Med. εἰδόμην, inf. ἰδέσθαι : pf. with pres. sense οἶδα I know, inf. εἰδέναι : verb. Adj. ἰστέος (for these tenses, v. Εἴδω). (ὁρ- prob. from ϝορ-, as indicated by the impf. and pf. forms ; cf. βῶροι (i.e. ϝῶροι), Engl. (a)ware.)    0-0Senses:    I abs., see, look, freq. in Hom.; εἴς τι or εἴς τινα to or at a thing or person, Il.24.633, Od.20.373, al., E.Fr.607 ; εἰς τὸν πράττοντα Arist.Po.1460a14 :—Med., Od.5.439, Hes.Op.534, Fr.188 ; but ἔς τινα ὁρᾶν to be of so-and-so's party, Philostr.VS1.18 ; εἰς τὴν Ἀττάλου καθαίρεσιν εἶδεν aimed at... Zos.6.12 ; for κατ' αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα Il.16.646, Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται 24.291, cf. καθοράω 11 ; ὁρόων ἐπ' ἀπείρονα πόντον looking over the sea, 1.350 ; ὁρᾶν πρός τι look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν Th.2.93, cf. AP7.496 (Simon., cj.) ; πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ looks to sail (i.e. is ready), E.IA[1624]; ὁ. ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν D.S.36.3 ; πρὸς σπονδάς Id.33.1.    2 have sight, opp. μὴ ὁρᾶν, to be blind, S.Aj.84 ; ὅσ' ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ' ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind,] my words shall have eyes, i.e. shall be to the purpose, Id.OC74 ; ἐν σκότῳ . . οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει ὀψοίαθ', i.e. should be blind, Id.OT1274; ἀμβλύτερον ὁ., opp. ὀξύτερον βλέπειν, Pl.R.596a ; ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁ. to be short-sighted, Id.Tht.174e; ὁ. βραχύ τι Id.R.488b.    3 see to, look to, i.e. take or give heed, Il.10.239 ; ὁ. εἰς γλῶσσαν . . ἀνδρός look to, pay heed to, Sol.11.7, cf. A.Supp.104 (lyr.): freq. in imper., like βλέπε, folld. by a dependent clause, ὅρα ὅπως . . Ar.Ec.300, cf.Th.5.27; ὅρα εἰ . . see whether... A.Pr.997, Pl.Phd.118, etc.; also ὅρα μὴ . . S.Ph. 30,519, etc.; ὅρα τί ποιεῖς ib.589 ; πῶς . . ὑπερδικεῖς, ὅρα A.Eu.652.    4 ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, esp. in explanations, Ar.Nu.355, Th.490, etc.; ὡς ὁρᾷς S.El.1114, Tr.365 ; also ὁρᾷς; at the beginning of a sentence, Id.El.628, E.Andr.87 ; ἀλλ'—ὁρᾷς; but, do you see . . ?, Pl.Prt.336b; ὁρᾷς οὖν . . ὅτι Id.Grg.475e ; οὐχ ὁρᾷς; ironically, D.18.232.    5 c. acc. cogn., like βλέπω 11, look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι Hes.Sc.426 ; ὁρᾶν ἀλκάν Pi.O.9.111 ; ἔαρ ὁρόωσα Νύχεια Theoc.13.45 ; also ἡδέως ὁρᾶν look pleasant, E.IA1122: c. acc., κακῶς ὁρᾶν τινα Philostr.VA7.42.    II trans., see an object, behold, perceive, observe, c. acc., freq. in Hom., etc.: pf. ὄπωπα exclusively in this sense, Il.2.799, Od.21.94, etc. ; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν to see with or before the eyes, Il.24.392, Od.8.459, etc. ; αἰεὶ τέρμ' ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, keeping his eye on it, Il.23.323 ; φίλως χ' ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν . . μαχοίατο, i.e. δέκα πύργους, εἰ μαχοίατο, 4.347 ; ὁ. τινά look to (for aid), D.45.64 : in signfs. 1 and 11 combined, οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὁρῶν τάδε; A.Ag.1623, cf. D.25.89.    b ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, poet. for ζῆν, like βλέπειν, Il.18.61, Od.4.833, etc.; so φῶς ὁρᾶν S.OT375, E.Or.1523, Alc.691:— in Med., φέγγος ὁρᾶσθαι Id.Andr.113 (eleg.); so ὁρᾶν alone, τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος Id.Supp.78 (lyr.).    c folld. by a clause, οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος . .; Il.21.108 ; ὁρᾷς ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι ἐσμέν; Pl.R.327c ; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτες; A.Pr.261, cf. 325, 951 ; Διὸς . . οὐχ ὁρῶ μῆτιν ὅπᾳ φύγοιμ' ἄν ib.906 (lyr.); ἴδεσθέ μ' οἷα . . πάσχω ib.92.    d c. part., καπνὸν . . ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσοντα we see it rising, Od.10.99; ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον seeing myself thus insulted, A.Pr.438, cf. 70, 384, al.; ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα . . see you hiding... E.Hec.342 ; so ὁρῶ μ' ἔργον ἐξειργασμένην I see that I have done, S.Tr.706 ; cf. infr. 4b ; rarely in reference to the subject, ὁρῶ μὲν ἐξαμαρτάνων (= ὅτι ἐξαμαρτάνω) E.Med.350:—so in Med., ἄνδρα διωκόμενον . . ὁρῶμαι Il.22.169, cf. A.Pr.896 (lyr.): also c. inf., ἑώρων οὐκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι . . Th.8.60.    e rarely c. gen., οὐδεὶς Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἀσεβὲς . . οὔτε πράττοντος εἶδεν οὔτε λέγοντος ἤκουσεν (where the Constr. is suggested by the use of ἤκουσεν) X.Mem.1.1.11 ; μέχρι βορῆος ἀπαστράψαντος ἴδηαι Arat. 430.    2 see to, ἴδε πῶμα Od.8.443 ; look out for, provide, τινί τι S.Aj. 1165 (anap.), Theoc.15.2 ; πρόβατον εἰς ὁλοκάρπωσιν LXX Ge.22.8.    3 the inf. is used after an Adj., δεινὸς ἰδεῖν Sol.13.6 ; εὐφεγγὴς ἰδεῖν A. Pers.387, cf. 398, Ch.174, 176, al. (cf. Εἴδω A.1.1 a) ; ἐχθίστου . . ὁρᾶν most hateful to behold, S.Aj.818 ; ὦ πάτερ δύσμοιρ' ὁρᾶν Id.OC327 ; ὁρᾶν στυγνὸς ἦν X.An.2.6.9:—Med. or Pass., αἰσχρὸς ὁρᾶσθαι Id.Cyn. 3.3 : with an Adv., μὴ διχορρόπως ἰδεῖν A.Ag.349 : with a Subst., ἄνδρα τευχηστὴν ἰδεῖν Id.Th.644 : with a Verb, πρέπουσι . . ἰδεῖν Id.Supp.720, cf. S.OT792.    4 Med. is used by Poets like Act., Il.13.99, A.Pers.179, Ch.407 (lyr.), S.Ant.594 (lyr.), Tr.306, Cratin.138, etc., v. supr. 11.1 b, c: but in Prose Med. occurs only in compds., as προ-ορῶμαι: for the imper. ἰδοῦ, ἰδού, v. ἰδοῦ.    b no Pass. is used by Hom.; in Att. the Pass. has the sense to be seen, A.Pr.998,Eu.411, etc.: c. part., ὤφθημεν ὄντες ἄθλιοι was seen in my wretchedness, E. IT933 ; ὀφθήσεται διώκων he will prove to be . ., Pl.Phdr.239c, cf. Smp. 178e; τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, like τὰ ὁρατά, Id.Prm. 130a.    III metaph., of mental sight, discern, perceive, S.El.945, etc.; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, Id.OC138 (anap.); ἂν οἴνου . . ὀσμὴν ἴδωσιν Alex.222.4 ; cf. supr. 1.4, δέρκομαι 1.2.    IV abs., see visions, ὁ ἀληθινῶς ὁρῶν LXX Nu.24.3,15 :—Pass., appear in a vision, ὤφθη ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα ib.Jd.13.3.    V interview, ἐμνήσθης μοι ἰδεῖν τὸν κεραμέα περὶ τῶν κεραμίων you told me to see the potter about the jars, PCair.Zen.264 (iii B.C.).