ψεύδω: Difference between revisions
Μούνη γὰρ ἄγειν οὐκέτι σωκῶ λύπης ἀντίρροπον ἄχθος → I have no longer strength to bear alone the burden of grief that weighs me down
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|Definition=<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ψεύσω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>: aor. ἔψευσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.11.11</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>712</span>, Gal.15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, etc.: pf. <b class="b3">ἔψευσμαι</b> (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.162</span>:—<b class="b2">cheat by lies, beguile</b>, τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, etc.:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be cheated, deceived</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>759</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι</b> unless <b class="b2">I am</b> much <b class="b2">deceived</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">cheat, balk, disappoint</b> one <b class="b2">of</b> a thing, ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1031</span>; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>870</span>; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>; πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 650</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be cheated balked, disappointed</b>, τινος <b class="b2">of</b> a thing, <b class="b3">ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, <span class="bibl">5.47</span>; ἐνάρων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>178</span>(lyr.); δείπνου <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>618</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν</b> <b class="b2">disappointed of receiving tidings</b> from the scouts, <span class="bibl">Th.8.103</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Pass., also, <b class="b2">to be deceived, mistaken in</b> or <b class="b2">about</b> a thing, <b class="b3">ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης</b> <b class="b2">deceived</b> in their judgement, <b class="b2">mistaken</b> in opinion, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.40</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 712</span> (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>) <b class="b3">; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως</b> <b class="b2">deceived</b> or <b class="b2">mistaken in their notions of</b> the Athenian power, <span class="bibl">Th.4.108</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας</b> you have often <b class="b2">had a mistaken idea of</b> a man's wealth, <span class="bibl">Lys.19.45</span>; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22d</span>; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>413a</span>; τῆς ὥρας <span class="bibl">And.1.38</span>; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>195a</span>; <b class="b3">ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.26</span>; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>358c</span>: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> <b class="b2">deceived in its estimate of</b> them, <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span> (where <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς</b> is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος</b> most happily <b class="b2">deceived</b> or <b class="b2">mistaken</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>71d</span>: more rarely in Act., <b class="b3">καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ</b> thou hast much <b class="b2">belied</b> my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1382</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of statements, <b class="b2">to be untrue</b>, <b class="b3">ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται</b> the third mode of explanation <b class="b2">is</b> most <b class="b2">untrue</b>, most <b class="b2">mistaken</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> c. acc. rei, like [[ψευδοποιέω]] <span class="bibl">11</span>, <b class="b2">represent</b> a thing <b class="b2">as a lie, falsify</b>, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1512</span> (prob. for <b class="b3">σημάτων</b>) <b class="b3">; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην</b> afterthought <b class="b2">gives</b> opinion <b class="b2">the lie</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>:— Pass., <b class="b3">ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων</b> if his word <b class="b2">prove</b> (lit. <b class="b2">be proved) false</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1342</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις</b> the promise <b class="b2">broken</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.66</span>; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται <b class="b2">have been falsely reported</b>, <span class="bibl">D.52.23</span>; in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>346</span> for <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται</b> <b class="b2">it will be falsely said</b>, Porson's correction <b class="b3">ἐψεύσεται</b> is probable (<b class="b3">πεύσεται</b> Kiehl). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο <span class="bibl">Il.4.404</span> (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor <b class="b3">ἐψευσάμην</b>, v. infr.: fut. 2 <b class="b3">ἐψεύσομαι</b> (<b class="b2">will have made a false statement</b>) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> abs., <b class="b2">lie, speak false, play false</b>, ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; <span class="bibl">Il.10.534</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.140</span>; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>369</span>; οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>347a</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. κατά τινος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>284a</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.22.7</span>; ψ. πρός τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.5</span>; ψ. τινι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> 5.4</span> and εἴς τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>3.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., <b class="b2">say falsely, pretend</b> that... Plu.2.506d. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. rei, <b class="b2">say that which is untrue</b>, whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>445</span>; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>561</span>; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>461</span>; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω... εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.19</span>; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.3.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">to be false</b> or <b class="b2">faithless, to be perjured</b> or <b class="b2">forsworn</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>283</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ψευδόμενος</b>, the <b class="b2">Liar</b>, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92</span> (<b class="b3">ψευδόμενος</b> is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1146a22</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> like Act. <span class="bibl">11</span>, <b class="b2">belie, falsify</b>, <b class="b3">ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι</b> <b class="b2">break</b> them, <span class="bibl">Il.7.352</span>; so συνθήκας ψ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.12</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 31</span>,<span class="bibl">245</span>; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν <span class="bibl">Th.5.83</span>; so also <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς</b> <b class="b2">they did</b> not <b class="b2">belie</b>, i.e. they made good, their threats, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.32</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν</b> <b class="b2">had broken their word</b> about the money, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.35</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> like Act. <span class="bibl">1</span>, <b class="b2">deceive by lies, cheat</b>, Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.25</span>; also <b class="b3">ψ. τινά τι</b> <b class="b2">deceive</b> one <b class="b2">in</b> a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1145</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>808</span>; <b class="b3">ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι</b> and therein I <b class="b2">will</b> not <b class="b2">disappoint</b> him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, <span class="bibl">And.1.123</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται</b> (<b class="b3">ὧν</b> being in gen. by attraction) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>921a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> of combinations of words, <b class="b2">make a false statement</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>16a3</span>.</span> | |Definition=<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ψεύσω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>: aor. ἔψευσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.11.11</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>712</span>, Gal.15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, etc.: pf. <b class="b3">ἔψευσμαι</b> (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.162</span>:—<b class="b2">cheat by lies, beguile</b>, τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, etc.:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be cheated, deceived</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>759</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι</b> unless <b class="b2">I am</b> much <b class="b2">deceived</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">cheat, balk, disappoint</b> one <b class="b2">of</b> a thing, ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1031</span>; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>870</span>; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>; πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 650</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be cheated balked, disappointed</b>, τινος <b class="b2">of</b> a thing, <b class="b3">ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, <span class="bibl">5.47</span>; ἐνάρων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>178</span>(lyr.); δείπνου <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>618</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν</b> <b class="b2">disappointed of receiving tidings</b> from the scouts, <span class="bibl">Th.8.103</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Pass., also, <b class="b2">to be deceived, mistaken in</b> or <b class="b2">about</b> a thing, <b class="b3">ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης</b> <b class="b2">deceived</b> in their judgement, <b class="b2">mistaken</b> in opinion, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.40</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 712</span> (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>) <b class="b3">; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως</b> <b class="b2">deceived</b> or <b class="b2">mistaken in their notions of</b> the Athenian power, <span class="bibl">Th.4.108</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας</b> you have often <b class="b2">had a mistaken idea of</b> a man's wealth, <span class="bibl">Lys.19.45</span>; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22d</span>; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>413a</span>; τῆς ὥρας <span class="bibl">And.1.38</span>; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>195a</span>; <b class="b3">ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.26</span>; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>358c</span>: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> <b class="b2">deceived in its estimate of</b> them, <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span> (where <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς</b> is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος</b> most happily <b class="b2">deceived</b> or <b class="b2">mistaken</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>71d</span>: more rarely in Act., <b class="b3">καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ</b> thou hast much <b class="b2">belied</b> my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1382</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of statements, <b class="b2">to be untrue</b>, <b class="b3">ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται</b> the third mode of explanation <b class="b2">is</b> most <b class="b2">untrue</b>, most <b class="b2">mistaken</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> c. acc. rei, like [[ψευδοποιέω]] <span class="bibl">11</span>, <b class="b2">represent</b> a thing <b class="b2">as a lie, falsify</b>, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1512</span> (prob. for <b class="b3">σημάτων</b>) <b class="b3">; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην</b> afterthought <b class="b2">gives</b> opinion <b class="b2">the lie</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>:— Pass., <b class="b3">ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων</b> if his word <b class="b2">prove</b> (lit. <b class="b2">be proved) false</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1342</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις</b> the promise <b class="b2">broken</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.66</span>; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται <b class="b2">have been falsely reported</b>, <span class="bibl">D.52.23</span>; in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>346</span> for <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται</b> <b class="b2">it will be falsely said</b>, Porson's correction <b class="b3">ἐψεύσεται</b> is probable (<b class="b3">πεύσεται</b> Kiehl). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο <span class="bibl">Il.4.404</span> (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor <b class="b3">ἐψευσάμην</b>, v. infr.: fut. 2 <b class="b3">ἐψεύσομαι</b> (<b class="b2">will have made a false statement</b>) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> abs., <b class="b2">lie, speak false, play false</b>, ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; <span class="bibl">Il.10.534</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.140</span>; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>369</span>; οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>347a</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. κατά τινος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>284a</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.22.7</span>; ψ. πρός τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.5</span>; ψ. τινι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> 5.4</span> and εἴς τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>3.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., <b class="b2">say falsely, pretend</b> that... Plu.2.506d. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. rei, <b class="b2">say that which is untrue</b>, whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>445</span>; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>561</span>; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>461</span>; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω... εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.19</span>; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.3.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">to be false</b> or <b class="b2">faithless, to be perjured</b> or <b class="b2">forsworn</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>283</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ψευδόμενος</b>, the <b class="b2">Liar</b>, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92</span> (<b class="b3">ψευδόμενος</b> is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1146a22</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> like Act. <span class="bibl">11</span>, <b class="b2">belie, falsify</b>, <b class="b3">ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι</b> <b class="b2">break</b> them, <span class="bibl">Il.7.352</span>; so συνθήκας ψ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.12</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 31</span>,<span class="bibl">245</span>; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν <span class="bibl">Th.5.83</span>; so also <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς</b> <b class="b2">they did</b> not <b class="b2">belie</b>, i.e. they made good, their threats, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.32</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν</b> <b class="b2">had broken their word</b> about the money, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.35</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> like Act. <span class="bibl">1</span>, <b class="b2">deceive by lies, cheat</b>, Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.25</span>; also <b class="b3">ψ. τινά τι</b> <b class="b2">deceive</b> one <b class="b2">in</b> a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1145</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>808</span>; <b class="b3">ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι</b> and therein I <b class="b2">will</b> not <b class="b2">disappoint</b> him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, <span class="bibl">And.1.123</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται</b> (<b class="b3">ὧν</b> being in gen. by attraction) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>921a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> of combinations of words, <b class="b2">make a false statement</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>16a3</span>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1395.png Seite 1395]] 1 ) Act., <b class="b2">belügen, betrügen, täuschen</b>; τινά, θεοὶ ψεύσουσί με Soph. O. C. 634, vgl. 1505; τινά τινος, Einen betrügerisch einer Sache berauben, ihn um Etwas betrügen, ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας Aesch. Pers. 464; ἔψευσάς με ἐλπίδος, du hast mich in meiner Erwartung getäuscht, Soph. Ai. 1361; ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' [[ἐλπίς]] Eur. Hec. 1052; so auch Ar. Thesm. 870; in Prosa seltener; τὰς ἐλπίδας Xen. Cyr. 1, 5,13; Hell. 4, 4,10; Sp., wie Pol. 17, 11, 11. – Pass. <b class="b2">belogen, betrogen werden, dah. sich täuschen, irren</b>, τί od. τινός, in Etwas; ψευσθήσομαι γνώμης Soph. Ant. 708; ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης Her. 8, 40; πολλὰ ψευσθεῖσα Aesch. Ch. 748; ἡνίκ' ἂν ψευσθῶσι δείπνου Ar. Nub. 608; τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐψεύσθη Her. 9, 61; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως, d. i. in ihrer Ansicht von der Macht, Thuc. 4, 108; ὡς εἰδὼς διακείσεται περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται Plat. Theaet. 200 a, wie Prot. 358 c; τὸ ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Rep. III, 413 a; ἐψεῦσθαι u. ἀμαθεῖς εἶναι entspricht einander II, 382 b ῖδιὰ τὸ ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν ist Ggstz von είδέναι Xen. Mem. 4, 2,261; Theaet. 195 a; Pol. 4, 51, 9 u. Sp.; selten mit dem dat., ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ, Schweigh. Her. 7, 9,3; ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν [[μάλιστα]] ἔψευσται, die dritte Erklärungsart ist die unrichtigste von allen, Her. 2, 22. – Etwas als Lüge oder Täuschung darstellen, τί, Soph. Ant. 385, ψεύδει ἡ 'πίνοια τὴν γνώμην, Nachdenken straft die Meinung Lügen; vgl. ἡ ψευσθεῖσα [[ὑπόσχεσις]], das gebrochene Versprechen, Thuc. 3, 66. – 2) Med. [[ψεύδομαι]], ψεύσομαι, ἐψευσάμην, die Unwahrheit reden, <b class="b2">lügen, täuschen</b>; μὴ ψεύδε' ἐπιστάμενος [[σάφα]] εἰπεῖν Il. 4, 404; μαψιδίως Od. 14, 365; ψεύσομαι ἤ ἔτυμον [[ἐρέω]] Il. 13, 534 Od. 4, 140; auch Ggstz von [[νημερτής]] εἰμι, h. Merc. 369; auch = meineidig sein, einen Eid verletzen, Hes. O. 285, wie ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι, den Eid brechen, Il. 7, 352; συνθήκας ψεύδεσθαι, einen Vertrag nicht halten, Xen. Ages. 1, 12; womit man noch vergleichen kann οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς, sie ließen ihre Drohungen nicht zu Lügen werden, sie machten sie wahr, Her. 6, 32; ψεύσομαι [[ἀμφί]] τινι Pind. Ol. 13, 50; ἐψευοάμην ξυναινέσασα Aesch. Ag. 1181; [[μάντις]] ὢν οὐ ψεύσομαι Eum. 585; τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar. Eccl. 445; u. in Prosa oft bei Plat.: οὐδὲν κατὰ σοῦ ψεύδεται Euthyd. 284 a; Ggstz ἀληθεύειν Crat. 431 b; ἔστιν ὅ τι τούτου [[ψεῦδος]] λυσιτελέστερον ἂν ἐψεύσατό ποτε Legg. II, 663 d; τινά τι, Xen. An. 1, 3,10 u. öfter. – Auch ψεύδεσθαί τινα = Einen betrügen, täuschen, οὔποτ' ἄλλον ἄνδρα ψεύσεται μαντεύμασιν Eur. Hel. 1642; Xen. Hell. 3, 1,25, u. bes. sp. D., wie Ap. Rh. 1, 765 Arat. 35. | |||
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Revision as of 19:57, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
S.Ant.389, etc.: fut.
A ψεύσω Id.OC628, X.Cyr.1.5.13: aor. ἔψευσα A.Pers.472, Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι S.Tr.712, Gal.15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην Hdt.1.141, etc.: pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω Aeschin.1.162:—cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S.OC628, etc.:—Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A.Ch.759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1. 2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς E.Hec.1031; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A.Pers.472; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar.Th.870; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας X.Cyr.1.5.13; πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E.Fr. 650:—Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt.1.141, 5.47; ἐνάρων S.Aj.178(lyr.); δείπνου Ar.Nu.618 (troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th.8.103. 3 in Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt.8.40, cf. S.Tr. 712 (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt.7.9.γ) ; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th.4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a man's wealth, Lys.19.45; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl.Ap.22d; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id.R.413a; τῆς ὥρας And.1.38; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl.Tht.195a; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X.Mem.4.2.26; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt.9.48; περί τινος X.An.2.6.28, Pl.Prt.358c: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X.An.1.8.11, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl.Men.71d: more rarely in Act., καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S.Aj.1382. 4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt.2.22. II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω 11, represent a thing as a lie, falsify, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων S.OC1512 (prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id.Ant.389:— Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id.Ph.1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th.3.66; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται have been falsely reported, D.52.23; in E.Andr.346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porson's correction ἐψεύσεται is probable (πεύσεται Kiehl). B earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο Il.4.404 (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι (will have made a false statement) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι X.An.1.3.10. I abs., lie, speak false, play false, ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il.10.534, Od.4.140; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc.369; οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi.O.13.52; περί τινος Pl.Prt.347a; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id.Euthd.284a, Lys.22.7; ψ. πρός τινα X.An.1.3.5; ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4 and εἴς τινα Ep.Col.3.9. 2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that... Plu.2.506d. 3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar.Ec.445; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id.Ach.561; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S.OT461; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω... εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl.Smp.214e, cf. X.Mem.4.2.19; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys.3.21. 4 to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes.Op.283. 5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 (ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist.EN1146a22). II like Act. 11, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il.7.352; so συνθήκας ψ. X.Ages.1.12; γάμους E.Ba. 31,245; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.83; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt.6.32; τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X.An.5.6.35. III like Act. 1, deceive by lies, cheat, Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A.Ag.1208, cf. X.HG3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S.OC1145, E.Alc.808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And.1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl.Lg.921a. IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist.Int.16a3.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1395] 1 ) Act., belügen, betrügen, täuschen; τινά, θεοὶ ψεύσουσί με Soph. O. C. 634, vgl. 1505; τινά τινος, Einen betrügerisch einer Sache berauben, ihn um Etwas betrügen, ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας Aesch. Pers. 464; ἔψευσάς με ἐλπίδος, du hast mich in meiner Erwartung getäuscht, Soph. Ai. 1361; ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς Eur. Hec. 1052; so auch Ar. Thesm. 870; in Prosa seltener; τὰς ἐλπίδας Xen. Cyr. 1, 5,13; Hell. 4, 4,10; Sp., wie Pol. 17, 11, 11. – Pass. belogen, betrogen werden, dah. sich täuschen, irren, τί od. τινός, in Etwas; ψευσθήσομαι γνώμης Soph. Ant. 708; ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης Her. 8, 40; πολλὰ ψευσθεῖσα Aesch. Ch. 748; ἡνίκ' ἂν ψευσθῶσι δείπνου Ar. Nub. 608; τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐψεύσθη Her. 9, 61; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως, d. i. in ihrer Ansicht von der Macht, Thuc. 4, 108; ὡς εἰδὼς διακείσεται περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται Plat. Theaet. 200 a, wie Prot. 358 c; τὸ ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Rep. III, 413 a; ἐψεῦσθαι u. ἀμαθεῖς εἶναι entspricht einander II, 382 b ῖδιὰ τὸ ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν ist Ggstz von είδέναι Xen. Mem. 4, 2,261; Theaet. 195 a; Pol. 4, 51, 9 u. Sp.; selten mit dem dat., ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ, Schweigh. Her. 7, 9,3; ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται, die dritte Erklärungsart ist die unrichtigste von allen, Her. 2, 22. – Etwas als Lüge oder Täuschung darstellen, τί, Soph. Ant. 385, ψεύδει ἡ 'πίνοια τὴν γνώμην, Nachdenken straft die Meinung Lügen; vgl. ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις, das gebrochene Versprechen, Thuc. 3, 66. – 2) Med. ψεύδομαι, ψεύσομαι, ἐψευσάμην, die Unwahrheit reden, lügen, täuschen; μὴ ψεύδε' ἐπιστάμενος σάφα εἰπεῖν Il. 4, 404; μαψιδίως Od. 14, 365; ψεύσομαι ἤ ἔτυμον ἐρέω Il. 13, 534 Od. 4, 140; auch Ggstz von νημερτής εἰμι, h. Merc. 369; auch = meineidig sein, einen Eid verletzen, Hes. O. 285, wie ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι, den Eid brechen, Il. 7, 352; συνθήκας ψεύδεσθαι, einen Vertrag nicht halten, Xen. Ages. 1, 12; womit man noch vergleichen kann οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς, sie ließen ihre Drohungen nicht zu Lügen werden, sie machten sie wahr, Her. 6, 32; ψεύσομαι ἀμφί τινι Pind. Ol. 13, 50; ἐψευοάμην ξυναινέσασα Aesch. Ag. 1181; μάντις ὢν οὐ ψεύσομαι Eum. 585; τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar. Eccl. 445; u. in Prosa oft bei Plat.: οὐδὲν κατὰ σοῦ ψεύδεται Euthyd. 284 a; Ggstz ἀληθεύειν Crat. 431 b; ἔστιν ὅ τι τούτου ψεῦδος λυσιτελέστερον ἂν ἐψεύσατό ποτε Legg. II, 663 d; τινά τι, Xen. An. 1, 3,10 u. öfter. – Auch ψεύδεσθαί τινα = Einen betrügen, täuschen, οὔποτ' ἄλλον ἄνδρα ψεύσεται μαντεύμασιν Eur. Hel. 1642; Xen. Hell. 3, 1,25, u. bes. sp. D., wie Ap. Rh. 1, 765 Arat. 35.
