ἀναγκαῖος

English (LSJ)

α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον Th.1.2, Pl.R.554a, etc.:

   A of, with, or by force:    I Act., constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Od.17.399; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Il.8.57; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, 16.836; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, S.Aj.485, cf. 803 (but, fatal chance, Id.El.48); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ Thgn.472, cf. 297, E.Or.230; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Th.5.99; δεσμὸς ἀ. Theoc.24.33; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Th.7.60.    2 forcible, cogent, πειθώ Pl.Sph.265d; ἀποδείξεις Ti.40e; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους Th.4.60; τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Sch.S. OC390.    II Pass., constrained, forced, twice in Od., πολεμισταὶ ἀ. soldiers perforce, Od.24.499; so δμῶες ἀ. ib.210 (where however Eust. expl. it χρειώδεις trusty, serviceable, v. infr. 6).    2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. Arist.Metaph. 1015a20ff.), ἀ. [ἐστί] it is necessary to... S.Ph.1317, etc.; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον, c. inf., Hdt.3.65; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Men.651, cf. Hybreasap.Str.14.2.24: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 449b; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι Sph.242b; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Lg.643c.    3 τὰ ἀ. necessaries of life, Antipho 4.1.2, Pl.Lg.848a; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου Isoc.4.40; ἀ. τροφή Th.1.2.    b τὰ ἀ. things necessary to be done, X.Mem.1.1.6; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HG 1.7.33; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε E.Hec.584 codd.: τὸ ἀ., = ἀνάγκη, Arist. Ph.200a31.    4 indispensable, i. e. a bare minimum, freq. in Sup., τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Th.1.90; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Pl.R.369d; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν Arist.Pol. 1291a12; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, D.18.126, cf. 168; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, 44.26: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι Th.1.70: hence, scanty, makeshift, παρασκευή 6.37.    5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i. e. related by blood, Antipho 1.4, Pl.R.574b; ἀ. δόμοις E.Alc.533; οἱ ἀ. kinsfolk, X.An.2.4.1; ἀ. φίλοι E.Andr.671; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι D.19.290; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους Act.Ap.10.24, cf. PFlor.2.142.2 (iii A. D.).    6 Astrol., efficacious, Vett.Val.63.1 (Comp.): ἀ. γραμμή line of fate, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238.    7 costly, ὄξος POxy.1870 (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. s.v. βεστιάριον.    III Adv. -ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Hdt.1.89, A.Ch.239, S.Tr.723, Pl. Phd.91e, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.8.140.ά, al.; ἀ. φέρειν, opp. ἀνδρείως, Th.2.64; as best might be, Pl. Ti.69d.    2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (cf. 11.4, but prob. with play on 111.1), Id.R.527a; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. Babr.55.2:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις Pl.Phlb.40c.    3 strictly, κελεύειν OGI669.41 (i A. D.).    IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Vett.Val.113.9.    V ἀναγκαῖον, τό, v. sub v.

German (Pape)

[Seite 183] bei den Attikern oft auch 2 End., Thuc. 1, 2; Plat. Rep. VIII, 559 a u. sonst; 1) zwingend, nöthigend, χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, aus dringender Noth, Il. 8, 57; μῦθος ἀν., ein Machtspruch, dem man gehorchen muß, Od. 17, 399; ἦμαρ ἀν., = δούλιον, der Zwingtag, der Freie zu Knechten macht, Il. 16, 836, wie bei Soph. Ai. 480 τύχη ἀναγκαία, das Sklavenloos; vgl. Eur. I. A. 511; λόγοι El. 293; πειθώ, d. i. unwiderstehliche Ueberredung, Plat. Soph. 265 d; δεσμὸς ἀν., hemmende Fessel, Theocr. 24, 33; χαλινός Tryph. 97; τὸ ἀναγκαῖον, das Gefängniß, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 18, welches die alten Gramm. als Eigenthümlich Keit. bemerken. – 2) gezwungen, Hom. Od. 24, 210 δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, wo jedoch Einige χρειώδεις: nützliche, unentbehrliche erklärten, s. Scholl.; 24, 499 ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί, wo beide Erklärungen in den Scholl. wiederkehren; auch aw unangenehm, peinlich, Theogn. 291. 464. – 3) physische Verbindlichkeit in sich schließend, nothwendig, τὰ ἀναγκαῖα, Naturbedürfnisse, wie Schlaf, Nahrung, Ausleerungen, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 11; ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὰ ἀν. 1, 6, 36; τροφὴ ἀν. Plat. Legg. VIII, 848 a; τὰ ἀν., das nach einer Schicksalsnothwendigkeit gewiß Geschehende, Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 6, im Ggstz von ἄδηλα, ὅπως ἂν ἀποβήσοιτο; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀναγκαῖα, die von Gott bestimmte Ordnung der Dinge, Naturnothwendigkeit, Hell. 1, 7, 10; θάνατος πᾶσι κοινὸς καὶ ἀναγκαῖος An. 3, 1, 43. Dah. unentbehrlich, μαθήματα Plat. Legg. I, 643 c; πόσεις Xen. Lac. 5, 4; auch = αἰδοῖον, Artemid. 1, 45; τὸ ἀν., die Noth, Thuc. 5, 99; ὅπλισις, nothdürftige Bewaffnung, 5, 8, wie ἀπομάχεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἀναγκαιοτάτου ὕψους 1, 90; ἡ πόλις ἀναγκαιοτάτη εἴη ἂν ἐκ τεττάρων ἢ πέντε ἀνδρῶν, die nothdürftigste Stadt, Plat. Rep. II, 369 d. Häufig ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, es ist durchaus nothwendig, mit darauf folgendem inf., wofür auch Plat. Soph. 242 b τὴν ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην ἡμῖν εἶναι τρέπεσθαι, es sei nothwendig, daß wir diesen Weg einschlagen; vgl. Legg. I, 643 c. – 4) blutsverwandt, wie necessarius, μήτηρ, πατήρ, Plat. Rep. IX, 574 b u. sonst; vgl. Philem. Stob. Fl. 108, 33. – Adv. ἀναγκαίως, nothwendiger Weise, ἀναγκαίως μοι ἔχει οὕτω ποιεῖν, ich muß so handeln, Her. 8, 140, vgl. 1, 89; ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, es ist nothwendig, Aesch. Ch. 237; Soph. Tr. 270; Eur. Herc. Fur. 859; Her. 1, 89. 8, 140; ἀν. ἔχω Lys. 6, 35. Einen compar. ἀναγκαιέστερον hat Epicharm. bei Eust. Od. 1441, 15.