δαίμων: Difference between revisions
μηδέν' ὀλβίζειν, πρὶν ἂν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ μηδὲν ἀλγεινὸν παθών → Count no man blessed 'til he's passed the endpoint of his life without grievous suffering. (Sophocles, King Oedipus 1529f.)
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|Definition=ονος, voc. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> δαίμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1480</span> (lyr.), δαῖμον <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.11</span>, ὁ, ἡ, <b class="b2">god, goddess</b>, of individual gods or goddesses, <span class="bibl">Il.1.222</span>, <span class="bibl">3.420</span>, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος <span class="bibl">5.438</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων</b>, of <b class="b3">Φιλίη</b> and <b class="b3">Νεῖκος</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp. 59.1</span> :—but more freq. of <b class="b2">the Divine power</b> (while <b class="b3">θεός</b> denotes a God in person), <b class="b2">the Deity</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.27</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς δαίμονα</b> against <b class="b2">the Divine power</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.98</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν δαίμονι</b> by its grace, <span class="bibl">11.792</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ δαίμονα</b>, almost, = [[τύχῃ]], by <b class="b2">chance</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.111</span>; τύχᾳ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.67</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμαχος</b> <b class="b3">δ</b>., i. e. Destiny, <span class="bibl">B.15.23</span>: in pl., <b class="b3">ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν</b>, what <b class="b2">the Gods</b> ordain, <span class="bibl">Id.16.117</span>; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1443</span>; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. <span class="bibl">Lys. 13.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.111</span>; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>544</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the power controlling the destiny of individuals</b>: hence, one's <b class="b2">lot</b> or <b class="b2">forlune</b>, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. <span class="bibl">Od.5.396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.64</span>; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή <span class="bibl">11.61</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονα δώσω</b> I will deal thee <b class="b2">fate</b>, i.e. kill thee, I<span class="bibl">1.8.166</span>; freq. in Trag. of <b class="b2">good</b> or <b class="b2">ill fortune</b>, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>601</span>; δ. ἀσινής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1342</span> (lyr.); κοινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>812</span>; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>76</span>; δαίμονος σκληρότης <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.4.6</span>; personified as <b class="b2">the good</b> or <b class="b2">evil genius</b> of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1194</span> (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>121.505, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>9.1</span>; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς <span class="bibl">Lys.2.78</span>; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Men.16.2</span> D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ σὸς δ. κακός</b> ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>15</span>; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>112a37</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">δαίμονες, οἱ,</b> <b class="b2">souls of men of the golden age</b>, acting as tutelary deities, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 122</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1348</span>, <span class="bibl">Phoc.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.115.5</span>, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392a</span>: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>314</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε</b>, of the deified Darius, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>620</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ</b>., of Alcestis, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1003</span> (lyr.), cf.<span class="title">IG</span>12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of <b class="b2">departed souls</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν</b>, = <b class="b2">Dis Manibus</b>, IG14.1683; so <b class="b3">θεοὶ δ</b>., ib.938, al.: also, <b class="b2">ghost</b>, <span class="bibl">Paus.6.6.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">spiritual</b> or <b class="b2">semi-divine being</b> inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., <span class="bibl">Sallust.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>183</span>, etc.; esp. <b class="b2">evil spirit, demon</b>, Ev.Matt.8.31, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.2.5</span>; φαῦλοι δ. <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>2.46</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον</b>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.4</span>; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1227. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀγαθὸς δ</b>. <b class="b2">the Good Genius</b> to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>525</span>, <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.3</span>, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.15.675b</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.9.39.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης <span class="title">OGI</span>666.3; of the Nile, <b class="b3">ἀ. δ. ποταμός</b> ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.9 (Halic.): pl., <b class="b3">δαίμονες ἀ</b>., = Lat. <b class="b2">Di Manes</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., <b class="b3">ἀγαθός, κακός δ</b>., names of celestial <b class="b3">κλῆροι</b>, Paul.Al.<span class="title">N.</span>4, <span class="title">O.</span>1, etc. (Less correctly written <b class="b3">Ἀγαθοδαίμων</b>, q.v.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> = [[δαήμων]], <b class="b2">knowing</b>, <b class="b3">δ. μάχης</b> <b class="b2">skilled in</b> fight, <span class="bibl">Archil.3.4</span>. (<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>398b</span>, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write <b class="b3">δαήμονες</b> in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however <b class="b3">αἵμων</b>. More probably the Root of <b class="b3">δαίμων</b> (<b class="b2">deity</b>) is <b class="b3">δαίω</b> <b class="b2">to distribute destinies;</b>; cf. <span class="bibl">Alcm.48</span>.)</span> | |Definition=ονος, voc. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> δαίμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1480</span> (lyr.), δαῖμον <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.11</span>, ὁ, ἡ, <b class="b2">god, goddess</b>, of individual gods or goddesses, <span class="bibl">Il.1.222</span>, <span class="bibl">3.420</span>, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος <span class="bibl">5.438</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων</b>, of <b class="b3">Φιλίη</b> and <b class="b3">Νεῖκος</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp. 59.1</span> :—but more freq. of <b class="b2">the Divine power</b> (while <b class="b3">θεός</b> denotes a God in person), <b class="b2">the Deity</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.27</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς δαίμονα</b> against <b class="b2">the Divine power</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.98</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν δαίμονι</b> by its grace, <span class="bibl">11.792</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ δαίμονα</b>, almost, = [[τύχῃ]], by <b class="b2">chance</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.111</span>; τύχᾳ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.67</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμαχος</b> <b class="b3">δ</b>., i. e. Destiny, <span class="bibl">B.15.23</span>: in pl., <b class="b3">ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν</b>, what <b class="b2">the Gods</b> ordain, <span class="bibl">Id.16.117</span>; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1443</span>; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. <span class="bibl">Lys. 13.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.111</span>; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>544</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the power controlling the destiny of individuals</b>: hence, one's <b class="b2">lot</b> or <b class="b2">forlune</b>, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. <span class="bibl">Od.5.396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.64</span>; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή <span class="bibl">11.61</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονα δώσω</b> I will deal thee <b class="b2">fate</b>, i.e. kill thee, I<span class="bibl">1.8.166</span>; freq. in Trag. of <b class="b2">good</b> or <b class="b2">ill fortune</b>, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>601</span>; δ. ἀσινής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1342</span> (lyr.); κοινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>812</span>; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>76</span>; δαίμονος σκληρότης <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.4.6</span>; personified as <b class="b2">the good</b> or <b class="b2">evil genius</b> of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1194</span> (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>121.505, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>9.1</span>; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς <span class="bibl">Lys.2.78</span>; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Men.16.2</span> D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ σὸς δ. κακός</b> ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>15</span>; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>112a37</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">δαίμονες, οἱ,</b> <b class="b2">souls of men of the golden age</b>, acting as tutelary deities, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 122</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1348</span>, <span class="bibl">Phoc.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.115.5</span>, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392a</span>: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>314</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε</b>, of the deified Darius, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>620</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ</b>., of Alcestis, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1003</span> (lyr.), cf.<span class="title">IG</span>12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of <b class="b2">departed souls</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν</b>, = <b class="b2">Dis Manibus</b>, IG14.1683; so <b class="b3">θεοὶ δ</b>., ib.938, al.: also, <b class="b2">ghost</b>, <span class="bibl">Paus.6.6.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">spiritual</b> or <b class="b2">semi-divine being</b> inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., <span class="bibl">Sallust.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>183</span>, etc.; esp. <b class="b2">evil spirit, demon</b>, Ev.Matt.8.31, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.2.5</span>; φαῦλοι δ. <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>2.46</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον</b>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.4</span>; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1227. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀγαθὸς δ</b>. <b class="b2">the Good Genius</b> to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>525</span>, <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.3</span>, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.15.675b</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.9.39.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης <span class="title">OGI</span>666.3; of the Nile, <b class="b3">ἀ. δ. ποταμός</b> ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.9 (Halic.): pl., <b class="b3">δαίμονες ἀ</b>., = Lat. <b class="b2">Di Manes</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., <b class="b3">ἀγαθός, κακός δ</b>., names of celestial <b class="b3">κλῆροι</b>, Paul.Al.<span class="title">N.</span>4, <span class="title">O.</span>1, etc. (Less correctly written <b class="b3">Ἀγαθοδαίμων</b>, q.v.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> = [[δαήμων]], <b class="b2">knowing</b>, <b class="b3">δ. μάχης</b> <b class="b2">skilled in</b> fight, <span class="bibl">Archil.3.4</span>. (<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>398b</span>, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write <b class="b3">δαήμονες</b> in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however <b class="b3">αἵμων</b>. More probably the Root of <b class="b3">δαίμων</b> (<b class="b2">deity</b>) is <b class="b3">δαίω</b> <b class="b2">to distribute destinies;</b>; cf. <span class="bibl">Alcm.48</span>.)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0515.png Seite 515]] ονος, ὁ, ἡ, Gott, Göttin; nach Plat. Crat. 398 b u. anderen Alten von [[δαήμων]], kundig, wie Ar. chil. frg. 50 sagt δαίμονές εἰσι μάχης; nach Anderen von [[δαίω]], theilen, als Vertheiler der Lebensloose; = [[θεός]], vgl. Il. 1, 222. 3, 420. 19, 188; so auch Tragg. Am gewöhnlichsten bei Hom. göttliches Wesen, wo man keinen bestimmten Gott nennen kann, u. doch aus Erscheinungen u. Ereignissen auf eine übermenschliche wirkende einem [[θεός]] zuschreibt; στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε [[δαίμων]], ἀσπάσιον δ' ἄρα τόν γε θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν, eine verderbliche Gottheit fiel ihn mit Krankheit an, Od. 5, 396 (vgl. Soph. Ai. 1194); κακὸς [[δαίμων]] 10, 64; Verhängniß, Schicksal, bes. Unglück; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή Od. 11, 61; πρὸς δαίμονα, gegen das Geschick, Il. 17, 98; σὺν δαίμονι 11, 792, mit Gottes Hülfe, wie κατὰ δαίμονα Hippocr. – Unhomerisch Iliad. 8, 166 [[πάρος]] τοι δαίμονα δώσω, ich werde dir ein böses Geschick verhängen, dir den Tod geben: Scholl. Didym. vs. 166 <b class="b2">δαίμονα δώσω</b>: Ζηνόδοτος <b class="b2">πότμον ἐφήσω</b>; Scholl. Aristonic. vs. 164 ἀθετοῦνται στίχοι [[τρεῖς]], ὅτι εὐτελεῖς εἰσι τῇ κατασκευῇ, καὶ τὸ »[[πάρος]] τοι δαίμονα δώσω« τελείως ἐστὶν οὐ κατὰ τὸν ποιητήν· ἀνάρμοστα δὲ καὶ τὰ λεγόμενα τοῐς προσώποις; Scholl. Didym. vs. 164 ([[ἄλλως]].) τούτους καὶ Ἀριστοφάνης ἠθέτησεν. – Aehnlich wie Homer auch die Tragg.: ὧδε [[δαίμων]] τις κατέφθειρε στρατόν Aesch. Pers. 337; [[ἀλάστωρ]] κακὸς [[δαίμων]] 346; [[δαίμων]] ὑπερβαρὴς ἐμπιτνών Ag. 1148; geradezu Unglück, Spt. 794; Glück, Pers. 811; ὠμὸς δ. Soph. O. R. 828; πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος, außer dem Unglück, der Blindheit, O. C. 76; u. sonst; δαιμόνων [[κατάστασις]], Zustand des Glücks, Eur.; κατὰ δαίμονα, durch Zufall, zufällig, Her. 1, 111, wie Dem. κατὰ τύχην τινὰ καὶ δαίμονα 48, 24; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ κατὰ συντυχίαν ἀγαθὴν ἥκεις Ar. Av. 544; σκέψασθε τὸν δαίμονα καὶ τὴν τύχην Aesch. 3, 115; vgl. 157; Dem. öfter; Plat. τύχην καὶ δαίμονας Rep. X, 619 c. Aehnl. δαίμονος [[τύχη]] Pind. Ol. 8, 67; Eur. Hipp. 832. – Neben [[θεός]] stehend bedeutet es untergeordnete Gottheiten, vgl. Plat. Legg. V, 738 d τοῖς δὲ μέρεσιν ἑκάστοις θεὸν ἢ δαίμονα ἢ [[καί]] τινα ἥρωα [[ἀποδοτέον]], wie Rep. III, 342 a; Apol. 27 d εἰ δ' αὖ οἱ δαίμονες θεῶν παῖδές εἰσι νόθοι; Legg. VIII, 848 d θεῶν καὶ τῶν ἑπομένων θεοῖς δαιμόνων. – Im N. T. u. K. S. böser Geist, Teufel. – Nach Hes. O. 121 sind δαίμονες Menschenseelen aus dem goldenen Zeitalter, die zwischen Himmel u. Erde sich aufhalten, die Thaten der Menschen beobachten u. sie beschirmen, ein Mittelglied zwischen Menschen u. Göttern; Plat. Phaed. 107 Schutzgeister; ἀγαθῷ δαίμονι wurde am Ende der Mahlzeit getrunken; ἡ τἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος [[φιάλη]] Xenarch. Ath. XV, 693 b; δαίμονος ἀγαθοῦ [[μετάνιπτρον]] Antiphan. ib. XI, 486 f. – Seelen der Abgeschiedenen, Luc. Luct. 24; auch im sing., Geist, Schatten, Aesch. Pers. 620; Eur. Alc. 1003. | |||
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Revision as of 19:21, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ονος, voc.
A δαίμων S.OC1480 (lyr.), δαῖμον Theoc.2.11, ὁ, ἡ, god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Il.1.222, 3.420, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος 5.438; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of Φιλίη and Νεῖκος, Emp. 59.1 :—but more freq. of the Divine power (while θεός denotes a God in person), the Deity, cf. Od.3.27; πρὸς δαίμονα against the Divine power, Il.17.98; σὺν δαίμονι by its grace, 11.792; κατὰ δαίμονα, almost, = τύχῃ, by chance, Hdt.1.111; τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi.O.8.67; ἄμαχος δ., i. e. Destiny, B.15.23: in pl., ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν, what the Gods ordain, Id.16.117; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. S. OC1443; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. Lys. 13.63, cf.Aeschin.3.111; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν Ar.Av.544. 2 the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, one's lot or forlune, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Od.5.396, cf. 10.64; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή 11.61; δαίμονα δώσω I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, I1.8.166; freq. in Trag. of good or ill fortune, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ A.Pers.601; δ. ἀσινής Id.Ag.1342 (lyr.); κοινός Id.Th.812; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος S.OC76; δαίμονος σκληρότης Antipho 3.3.4; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ Anaxandr.4.6; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν A.Ag.1569, cf. S.OT1194 (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. Pl.Phd.107d, cf. PMag.Lond.121.505, Iamb.Myst.9.1; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς Lys.2.78; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου Men.16.2 D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. Plu.Caes.69; ὁ σὸς δ. κακός ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. Id.Art.15; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. Heraclit.119; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. Arist.Top.112a37. II δαίμονες, οἱ, souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary deities, Hes.Op. 122, Thgn.1348, Phoc.15, Emp.115.5, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου Pl.R.392a: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον Hes.Op.314; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified Darius, A.Pers.620; νῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, E.Alc.1003 (lyr.), cf.IG12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of departed souls, Luc.Luct.24; δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν, = Dis Manibus, IG14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib.938, al.: also, ghost, Paus.6.6.8. 2 generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., Sallust.12, Dam.Pr.183, etc.; esp. evil spirit, demon, Ev.Matt.8.31, J.AJ8.2.5; φαῦλοι δ. Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.46; δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Aret.SD1.4; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας PMag.Par.1227. 3 ἀγαθὸς δ. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Ar.V.525, Nicostr.Com.20, D.S.4.3, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath.15.675b, Paus.9.39.5, IG12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης OGI666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου SIG1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. Di Manes, SIG1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., ἀγαθός, κακός δ., names of celestial κλῆροι, Paul.Al.N.4, O.1, etc. (Less correctly written Ἀγαθοδαίμων, q.v.). B = δαήμων, knowing, δ. μάχης skilled in fight, Archil.3.4. (Pl. Cra.398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write δαήμονες in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however αἵμων. More probably the Root of δαίμων (deity) is δαίω to distribute destinies;; cf. Alcm.48.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 515] ονος, ὁ, ἡ, Gott, Göttin; nach Plat. Crat. 398 b u. anderen Alten von δαήμων, kundig, wie Ar. chil. frg. 50 sagt δαίμονές εἰσι μάχης; nach Anderen von δαίω, theilen, als Vertheiler der Lebensloose; = θεός, vgl. Il. 1, 222. 3, 420. 19, 188; so auch Tragg. Am gewöhnlichsten bei Hom. göttliches Wesen, wo man keinen bestimmten Gott nennen kann, u. doch aus Erscheinungen u. Ereignissen auf eine übermenschliche wirkende einem θεός zuschreibt; στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων, ἀσπάσιον δ' ἄρα τόν γε θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν, eine verderbliche Gottheit fiel ihn mit Krankheit an, Od. 5, 396 (vgl. Soph. Ai. 1194); κακὸς δαίμων 10, 64; Verhängniß, Schicksal, bes. Unglück; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή Od. 11, 61; πρὸς δαίμονα, gegen das Geschick, Il. 17, 98; σὺν δαίμονι 11, 792, mit Gottes Hülfe, wie κατὰ δαίμονα Hippocr. – Unhomerisch Iliad. 8, 166 πάρος τοι δαίμονα δώσω, ich werde dir ein böses Geschick verhängen, dir den Tod geben: Scholl. Didym. vs. 166 δαίμονα δώσω: Ζηνόδοτος πότμον ἐφήσω; Scholl. Aristonic. vs. 164 ἀθετοῦνται στίχοι τρεῖς, ὅτι εὐτελεῖς εἰσι τῇ κατασκευῇ, καὶ τὸ »πάρος τοι δαίμονα δώσω« τελείως ἐστὶν οὐ κατὰ τὸν ποιητήν· ἀνάρμοστα δὲ καὶ τὰ λεγόμενα τοῐς προσώποις; Scholl. Didym. vs. 164 (ἄλλως.) τούτους καὶ Ἀριστοφάνης ἠθέτησεν. – Aehnlich wie Homer auch die Tragg.: ὧδε δαίμων τις κατέφθειρε στρατόν Aesch. Pers. 337; ἀλάστωρ κακὸς δαίμων 346; δαίμων ὑπερβαρὴς ἐμπιτνών Ag. 1148; geradezu Unglück, Spt. 794; Glück, Pers. 811; ὠμὸς δ. Soph. O. R. 828; πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος, außer dem Unglück, der Blindheit, O. C. 76; u. sonst; δαιμόνων κατάστασις, Zustand des Glücks, Eur.; κατὰ δαίμονα, durch Zufall, zufällig, Her. 1, 111, wie Dem. κατὰ τύχην τινὰ καὶ δαίμονα 48, 24; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ κατὰ συντυχίαν ἀγαθὴν ἥκεις Ar. Av. 544; σκέψασθε τὸν δαίμονα καὶ τὴν τύχην Aesch. 3, 115; vgl. 157; Dem. öfter; Plat. τύχην καὶ δαίμονας Rep. X, 619 c. Aehnl. δαίμονος τύχη Pind. Ol. 8, 67; Eur. Hipp. 832. – Neben θεός stehend bedeutet es untergeordnete Gottheiten, vgl. Plat. Legg. V, 738 d τοῖς δὲ μέρεσιν ἑκάστοις θεὸν ἢ δαίμονα ἢ καί τινα ἥρωα ἀποδοτέον, wie Rep. III, 342 a; Apol. 27 d εἰ δ' αὖ οἱ δαίμονες θεῶν παῖδές εἰσι νόθοι; Legg. VIII, 848 d θεῶν καὶ τῶν ἑπομένων θεοῖς δαιμόνων. – Im N. T. u. K. S. böser Geist, Teufel. – Nach Hes. O. 121 sind δαίμονες Menschenseelen aus dem goldenen Zeitalter, die zwischen Himmel u. Erde sich aufhalten, die Thaten der Menschen beobachten u. sie beschirmen, ein Mittelglied zwischen Menschen u. Göttern; Plat. Phaed. 107 Schutzgeister; ἀγαθῷ δαίμονι wurde am Ende der Mahlzeit getrunken; ἡ τἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος φιάλη Xenarch. Ath. XV, 693 b; δαίμονος ἀγαθοῦ μετάνιπτρον Antiphan. ib. XI, 486 f. – Seelen der Abgeschiedenen, Luc. Luct. 24; auch im sing., Geist, Schatten, Aesch. Pers. 620; Eur. Alc. 1003.
