λάφυρα: Difference between revisions
νύμφην τ' ἄνυμφον παρθένον τ' ἀπάρθενον → wife unwed and virgin that is no virgin | bride that is no bride, virgin that is virgin no more | virgin wife and widowed maid | unwed bride and ravished virgin
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|Definition=[ | |Definition=[λᾰ], τά, Arg. φάλυρα ''SIG''56.9 (v B.C.):—[[spoils]] taken in war, A.''Th.''278, 479, E.''HF''417 (lyr.), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''93; ἀρετᾶς λ. Id.''Tr.''646 (lyr.), cf. X.''HG''5.1.24, Aen.Tact. 16.8, ''Marm.Par.''53, [[LXX]] ''Ju.''15.7: —also in sg. λάφυρον, Hellanic.143 J., Plb.2.62.12, ''IG''12(7).386.23 (Amorgos), Plu.2.330d, Ach.Tat.4.13, al.; <b class="b3">τὸ λ. ἐπικηρύττειν κατά τινων</b> give public authority for plundering a people, Plb.4.26.7; cf. [[ῥύσιον]], [[σύλη]]. | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[spoils]] (Ion.- Att.),<br />Other forms: pl., also sg. <b class="b3">-ον</b>,<br />Compounds: as 1. member e. g. <b class="b3">λαφυρο-πώλης</b> m. [[who sells spoils]] (X.);<br />Derivatives: [[λαφυρεύω]] (LXX), <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Aq.) [[plunder]].<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix (evt. <b class="b3">λ-</b>suff. with dissim.), first from a <b class="b3">υ-</b>stem, beside which we find in <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λαφής</b> (IA.; <b class="b3">*λάφος</b>) an <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem. The primary verb is seen in Skt. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[spoils]] (Ion.- Att.),<br />Other forms: pl., also sg. <b class="b3">-ον</b>,<br />Compounds: as 1. member e. g. <b class="b3">λαφυρο-πώλης</b> m. [[who sells spoils]] (X.);<br />Derivatives: [[λαφυρεύω]] (LXX), <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Aq.) [[plunder]].<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix (evt. <b class="b3">λ-</b>suff. with dissim.), first from a <b class="b3">υ-</b>stem, beside which we find in <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λαφής</b> (IA.; <b class="b3">*λάφος</b>) an <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem. The primary verb is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">lábhate</b> [[take]], [[seize]]; further one connects from Baltic several nouns, e. g. Lith. <b class="b2">lõbis</b> [[big possession]], [[treasure]], [[riches]] (IE <b class="b2">*lābh-</b>), <b class="b2">lãbas</b> [[good]], subst. <b class="b2">good(s)</b> (Fraenkel Wb. s. v.). Forms of this verb may also be found in the stem of <b class="b3">λαμ-βάνω</b>, s. v. - This interpretation is wrong; the word has the suffix <b class="b3">-υρ-</b> which is Pre-Greek (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). | ||
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Revision as of 10:26, 25 August 2023
English (LSJ)
[λᾰ], τά, Arg. φάλυρα SIG56.9 (v B.C.):—spoils taken in war, A.Th.278, 479, E.HF417 (lyr.), S.Aj.93; ἀρετᾶς λ. Id.Tr.646 (lyr.), cf. X.HG5.1.24, Aen.Tact. 16.8, Marm.Par.53, LXX Ju.15.7: —also in sg. λάφυρον, Hellanic.143 J., Plb.2.62.12, IG12(7).386.23 (Amorgos), Plu.2.330d, Ach.Tat.4.13, al.; τὸ λ. ἐπικηρύττειν κατά τινων give public authority for plundering a people, Plb.4.26.7; cf. ῥύσιον, σύλη.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
λάφῡρα: [λᾰ], τά· (√ΛΑΒ, ΛΑΦ, λαμβάνω)· ― ὡς καὶ νῦν, λεία ληφθεῖσα ἐν πολέμῳ, «πλιάτσικα», Λατ. spolia, Τραγ., ὡς Αἰσχύλ. Θήβ. 278, 479, Σοφ. Αἴ. 93· λ. ἀρετῆς ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Τρ. 646· ὡσαύτως ἐν Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 5. 1, 24, Χρον. Παρ. ἐν τῇ Συλ. Ἐπιγρ. 2374. 53· ― παρὰ μεταγεν. καθ’ ἑνικὸν λάφυρον, Πολύβ. 2. 62, 12, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 2263c (προσθῆκ.), κ. ἀλλ.· ἐπικηρύττω τινὶ λάφυρον, παρέχω δημοσίᾳ τὴν ἄδειαν λεηλατήσεως λαοῦ τινος ἢ χώρας, Πολύβ. 4. 26, 7· πρβλ. ρύσιον, σύλη.
Greek Monolingual
Greek Monotonic
λάφῠρα: [λᾰ], τά (λαμβάνω), λεία πολέμου, Λατ. spolia, σε Τραγ., Ξεν.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: spoils (Ion.- Att.),
Other forms: pl., also sg. -ον,
Compounds: as 1. member e. g. λαφυρο-πώλης m. who sells spoils (X.);
Derivatives: λαφυρεύω (LXX), -έω (Aq.) plunder.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Formation with ρ-suffix (evt. λ-suff. with dissim.), first from a υ-stem, beside which we find in ἀμφι-λαφής (IA.; *λάφος) an σ-stem. The primary verb is seen in Skt. lábhate take, seize; further one connects from Baltic several nouns, e. g. Lith. lõbis big possession, treasure, riches (IE *lābh-), lãbas good, subst. good(s) (Fraenkel Wb. s. v.). Forms of this verb may also be found in the stem of λαμ-βάνω, s. v. - This interpretation is wrong; the word has the suffix -υρ- which is Pre-Greek (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes).
Middle Liddell
λᾰ́φῡρα, τά, λαμβάνω
spoils taken in war, Lat. spolia, Trag., Xen.
Frisk Etymology German
λάφυρα: {láphūra}
Forms: auch sg. -ον,
Grammar: n. pl.,
Meaning: Beutestücke, Siegesbeute (ion. att.),
Composita: als Vorderglied z. B. λαφυροπώλης m. Beuteverkäufer (X.);
Derivative: davon λαφυρεύω (LXX), -έω (Aq.) plündern.
Etymology: Bildung mit ρ-Suffix (ev. λ-Suff. mit Dissim.), zunächst von einem υ-Stamm, neben dem in ἀμφιλαφής (ion. att.; *λάφος) ein σ-Stamm (wenn nicht direkt von einem Verb) steht. Das entsprechende primäre Verb liegt in aind. lábhate erfassen, ergreifen vor; hinzu kommen aus dem Baltischen mehrere Nomina, z. B. lit. lõbis großer Besitz, Schatz, Reichtum (idg. lābh-), lãbas gut, Subst. Gut (Fraenkel Wb. s. v.). Formen dieses Verbs mögen auch in dem Thema von λαμβάνω enthalten sein, s. d.
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English (Woodhouse)
arms stripped from the dead, arms taken from a foe, arms taken from the dead, arms taken from the foe
Mantoulidis Etymological
τά (=λεία τοῦ πολέμου, πλιάτσικα). Ἀπό ρίζα λαβλαφ- τοῦ λαμβάνω, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα.
