ἀναγκαῖος: Difference between revisions
Μιμοῦ τὰ σεμνά, μὴ κακῶν μιμοῦ τρόπους → Graves imitatormores, ne imitator malos → Das Edle nimm zum Vorbild, nicht der Schlechten Art
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|Definition=α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>554a</span>, etc.: <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">of, with</b>, or <b class="b2">by force:</b> </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> Act., <b class="b2">constraining, applying force</b>, <b class="b3">μῦθος ἀ</b>. a word <b class="b2">of force</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.399</span>; <b class="b3">χρειὼ ἀ</b>. <b class="b2">urgent</b> necessity, <span class="bibl">Il.8.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἦμαρ ἀ</b>. day <b class="b2">of constraint</b>, i.e. life <b class="b2">of slavery</b>, <span class="bibl">16.836</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τύχη</b> a doom <b class="b2">imposed by fate</b>, or <b class="b2">fateful</b> chance, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">803</span> (but, <b class="b2">fatal</b> chance, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>48</span>); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ <span class="bibl">Thgn.472</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">297</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>230</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους</b> by the <b class="b2">compulsory nature</b> of our rule, <span class="bibl">Th.5.99</span>; δεσμὸς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀναγκαίου</b> under <b class="b2">stress of circumstances</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.60</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">forcible, cogent</b>, πειθώ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>265d</span>; ἀποδείξεις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>40e</span>; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων</b> the <b class="b2">more authoritative</b> copies, Sch.<span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>390</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Pass., <b class="b2">constrained, forced</b>, twice in Od., <b class="b3">πολεμισταὶ ἀ</b>. soldiers <b class="b2">perforce</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.499</span>; so <b class="b3">δμῶες ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">210</span> (where however Eust. expl. it <b class="b3">χρειώδεις</b> <b class="b2">trusty, serviceable</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">6</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">necessary</b> (physically or morally), <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ</b>. <b class="b2">unnecessary</b> (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1015a20</span>ff.), <b class="b3">ἀ. [ἐστί</b>] <b class="b2">it is necessary to</b>... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1317</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κακόν</b> <b class="b2">a necessary</b> evil, <span class="bibl">Men.651</span>, cf. Hybreasap.<span class="bibl">Str.14.2.24</span>: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 449b</span>; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>242b</span>; [<b class="b3">μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι</b> <b class="b2">necessary</b> for us to have learnt them before, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>643c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> τὰ ἀ. <b class="b2">necessaries of life</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>848a</span>; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.40</span>; ἀ. τροφή <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> τὰ ἀ. <b class="b2">things necessary to be done</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ</b>. the <b class="b2">appointed order of things, HG</b> <span class="bibl">1.7.33</span>; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>584</span> codd.: <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ</b>., = [[ἀνάγκη]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ph.</span>200a31</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">indispensable</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">a bare minimum</b>, freq. in Sup., <b class="b3">τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος</b> <b class="b2">the least</b> height <b class="b2">that was absolutely necessary</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις</b> <b class="b2">the least that could be called</b> a city, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>369d</span>; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1291a12</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν</b> give <b class="b2">a bare outline</b> of the facts, <span class="bibl">D.18.126</span>, cf. 168; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια</b> <b class="b2">the most distant degree</b> of kinship <b class="b2">recognized by law</b>, <span class="bibl">44.26</span>: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>: hence, <b class="b2">scanty, makeshift</b>, παρασκευή <span class="bibl">6.37</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> of persons, <b class="b2">connected by necessary</b> or <b class="b2">natural ties</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">related by blood</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>574b</span>; ἀ. δόμοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>533</span>; οἱ ἀ. <b class="b2">kinsfolk</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.1</span>; ἀ. φίλοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>671</span>; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">D.19.290</span>; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>2.142.2</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> Astrol., <b class="b2">efficacious</b>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.63.1</span> (Comp.): <b class="b3">ἀ. γραμμή</b> line <b class="b2">of fate</b>, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">costly</b>, ὄξος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1870</span> (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. s.v. [[βεστιάριον]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ως</b> <b class="b2">of necessity, perforce</b>, <b class="b3">ἀ. ἔχει</b> it <b class="b2">must</b> be so, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.89</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>239</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>723</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>91e</span>, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.140</span>.ά, al.; <b class="b3">ἀ. φέρειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀνδρείως</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; <b class="b2">as best might be</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>69d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν</b> <b class="b2">in a narrow sense</b> (cf. <span class="bibl">11.4</span>, but prob. with play on <span class="bibl">111.1</span>), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>527a</span>; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Babr.55.2</span>:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>40c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">strictly</b>, κελεύειν <span class="title">OGI</span>669.41 (i A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τόποι</b> <b class="b2">privy</b> parts, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἀναγκαῖον, τό,</b> v. sub v.</span> | |Definition=α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>554a</span>, etc.: <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">of, with</b>, or <b class="b2">by force:</b> </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> Act., <b class="b2">constraining, applying force</b>, <b class="b3">μῦθος ἀ</b>. a word <b class="b2">of force</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.399</span>; <b class="b3">χρειὼ ἀ</b>. <b class="b2">urgent</b> necessity, <span class="bibl">Il.8.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἦμαρ ἀ</b>. day <b class="b2">of constraint</b>, i.e. life <b class="b2">of slavery</b>, <span class="bibl">16.836</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τύχη</b> a doom <b class="b2">imposed by fate</b>, or <b class="b2">fateful</b> chance, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">803</span> (but, <b class="b2">fatal</b> chance, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>48</span>); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ <span class="bibl">Thgn.472</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">297</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>230</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους</b> by the <b class="b2">compulsory nature</b> of our rule, <span class="bibl">Th.5.99</span>; δεσμὸς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀναγκαίου</b> under <b class="b2">stress of circumstances</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.60</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">forcible, cogent</b>, πειθώ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>265d</span>; ἀποδείξεις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>40e</span>; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων</b> the <b class="b2">more authoritative</b> copies, Sch.<span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>390</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Pass., <b class="b2">constrained, forced</b>, twice in Od., <b class="b3">πολεμισταὶ ἀ</b>. soldiers <b class="b2">perforce</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.499</span>; so <b class="b3">δμῶες ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">210</span> (where however Eust. expl. it <b class="b3">χρειώδεις</b> <b class="b2">trusty, serviceable</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">6</span>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">necessary</b> (physically or morally), <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ</b>. <b class="b2">unnecessary</b> (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1015a20</span>ff.), <b class="b3">ἀ. [ἐστί</b>] <b class="b2">it is necessary to</b>... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1317</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κακόν</b> <b class="b2">a necessary</b> evil, <span class="bibl">Men.651</span>, cf. Hybreasap.<span class="bibl">Str.14.2.24</span>: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 449b</span>; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>242b</span>; [<b class="b3">μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι</b> <b class="b2">necessary</b> for us to have learnt them before, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>643c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> τὰ ἀ. <b class="b2">necessaries of life</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>848a</span>; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.40</span>; ἀ. τροφή <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> τὰ ἀ. <b class="b2">things necessary to be done</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ</b>. the <b class="b2">appointed order of things, HG</b> <span class="bibl">1.7.33</span>; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>584</span> codd.: <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ</b>., = [[ἀνάγκη]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ph.</span>200a31</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">indispensable</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">a bare minimum</b>, freq. in Sup., <b class="b3">τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος</b> <b class="b2">the least</b> height <b class="b2">that was absolutely necessary</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις</b> <b class="b2">the least that could be called</b> a city, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>369d</span>; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1291a12</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν</b> give <b class="b2">a bare outline</b> of the facts, <span class="bibl">D.18.126</span>, cf. 168; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια</b> <b class="b2">the most distant degree</b> of kinship <b class="b2">recognized by law</b>, <span class="bibl">44.26</span>: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>: hence, <b class="b2">scanty, makeshift</b>, παρασκευή <span class="bibl">6.37</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> of persons, <b class="b2">connected by necessary</b> or <b class="b2">natural ties</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">related by blood</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>574b</span>; ἀ. δόμοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>533</span>; οἱ ἀ. <b class="b2">kinsfolk</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.1</span>; ἀ. φίλοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>671</span>; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">D.19.290</span>; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>2.142.2</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> Astrol., <b class="b2">efficacious</b>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.63.1</span> (Comp.): <b class="b3">ἀ. γραμμή</b> line <b class="b2">of fate</b>, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">costly</b>, ὄξος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1870</span> (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. s.v. [[βεστιάριον]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ως</b> <b class="b2">of necessity, perforce</b>, <b class="b3">ἀ. ἔχει</b> it <b class="b2">must</b> be so, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.89</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>239</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>723</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>91e</span>, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.140</span>.ά, al.; <b class="b3">ἀ. φέρειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀνδρείως</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; <b class="b2">as best might be</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>69d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν</b> <b class="b2">in a narrow sense</b> (cf. <span class="bibl">11.4</span>, but prob. with play on <span class="bibl">111.1</span>), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>527a</span>; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Babr.55.2</span>:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>40c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">strictly</b>, κελεύειν <span class="title">OGI</span>669.41 (i A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τόποι</b> <b class="b2">privy</b> parts, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἀναγκαῖον, τό,</b> v. sub v.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0183.png Seite 183]] bei den Attikern oft auch 2 End., Thuc. 1, 2; Plat. Rep. VIII, 559 a u. sonst; 1) zwingend, nöthigend, χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, aus dringender Noth, Il. 8, 57; [[μῦθος]] ἀν., ein Machtspruch, dem man gehorchen muß, Od. 17, 399; [[ἦμαρ]] ἀν., = δούλιον, der Zwingtag, der Freie zu Knechten macht, Il. 16, 836, wie bei Soph. Ai. 480 [[τύχη]] ἀναγκαία, das Sklavenloos; vgl. Eur. I. A. 511; λόγοι El. 293; [[πειθώ]], d. i. unwiderstehliche Ueberredung, Plat. Soph. 265 d; δεσμὸς ἀν., hemmende Fessel, Theocr. 24, 33; [[χαλινός]] Tryph. 97; τὸ [[ἀναγκαῖον]], das Gefängniß, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 18, welches die alten Gramm. als Eigenthümlich Keit. bemerken. – 2) gezwungen, Hom. Od. 24, 210 δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, wo jedoch Einige χρειώδεις: nützliche, unentbehrliche erklärten, s. Scholl.; 24, 499 ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί, wo beide Erklärungen in den Scholl. wiederkehren; auch aw unangenehm, peinlich, Theogn. 291. 464. – 3) physische Verbindlichkeit in sich schließend, nothwendig, τὰ ἀναγκαῖα, Naturbedürfnisse, wie Schlaf, Nahrung, Ausleerungen, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 11; ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὰ ἀν. 1, 6, 36; τροφὴ ἀν. Plat. Legg. VIII, 848 a; τὰ ἀν., das nach einer Schicksalsnothwendigkeit gewiß Geschehende, Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 6, im Ggstz von ἄδηλα, [[ὅπως]] ἂν ἀποβήσοιτο; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀναγκαῖα, die von Gott bestimmte Ordnung der Dinge, Naturnothwendigkeit, Hell. 1, 7, 10; [[θάνατος]] πᾶσι κοινὸς καὶ [[ἀναγκαῖος]] An. 3, 1, 43. Dah. unentbehrlich, μαθήματα Plat. Legg. I, 643 c; πόσεις Xen. Lac. 5, 4; auch = [[αἰδοῖον]], Artemid. 1, 45; τὸ ἀν., die Noth, Thuc. 5, 99; [[ὅπλισις]], nothdürftige Bewaffnung, 5, 8, wie ἀπομάχεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἀναγκαιοτάτου ὕψους 1, 90; ἡ [[πόλις]] ἀναγκαιοτάτη εἴη ἂν ἐκ τεττάρων ἢ [[πέντε]] ἀνδρῶν, die nothdürftigste Stadt, Plat. Rep. II, 369 d. Häufig ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, es ist durchaus nothwendig, mit darauf folgendem inf., wofür auch Plat. Soph. 242 b τὴν ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην ἡμῖν εἶναι τρέπεσθαι, es sei nothwendig, daß wir diesen Weg einschlagen; vgl. Legg. I, 643 c. – 4) blutsverwandt, wie necessarius, [[μήτηρ]], [[πατήρ]], Plat. Rep. IX, 574 b u. sonst; vgl. Philem. Stob. Fl. 108, 33. – Adv. ἀναγκαίως, nothwendiger Weise, ἀναγκαίως μοι ἔχει οὕτω ποιεῖν, ich muß so handeln, Her. 8, 140, vgl. 1, 89; ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, es ist nothwendig, Aesch. Ch. 237; Soph. Tr. 270; Eur. Herc. Fur. 859; Her. 1, 89. 8, 140; ἀν. ἔχω Lys. 6, 35. Einen compar. ἀναγκαιέστερον hat Epicharm. bei Eust. Od. 1441, 15. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον Th.1.2, Pl.R.554a, etc.:
A of, with, or by force: I Act., constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Od.17.399; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Il.8.57; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, 16.836; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, S.Aj.485, cf. 803 (but, fatal chance, Id.El.48); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ Thgn.472, cf. 297, E.Or.230; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Th.5.99; δεσμὸς ἀ. Theoc.24.33; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Th.7.60. 2 forcible, cogent, πειθώ Pl.Sph.265d; ἀποδείξεις Ti.40e; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους Th.4.60; τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Sch.S. OC390. II Pass., constrained, forced, twice in Od., πολεμισταὶ ἀ. soldiers perforce, Od.24.499; so δμῶες ἀ. ib.210 (where however Eust. expl. it χρειώδεις trusty, serviceable, v. infr. 6). 2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. Arist.Metaph. 1015a20ff.), ἀ. [ἐστί] it is necessary to... S.Ph.1317, etc.; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον, c. inf., Hdt.3.65; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Men.651, cf. Hybreasap.Str.14.2.24: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 449b; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι Sph.242b; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Lg.643c. 3 τὰ ἀ. necessaries of life, Antipho 4.1.2, Pl.Lg.848a; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου Isoc.4.40; ἀ. τροφή Th.1.2. b τὰ ἀ. things necessary to be done, X.Mem.1.1.6; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HG 1.7.33; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε E.Hec.584 codd.: τὸ ἀ., = ἀνάγκη, Arist. Ph.200a31. 4 indispensable, i. e. a bare minimum, freq. in Sup., τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Th.1.90; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Pl.R.369d; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν Arist.Pol. 1291a12; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, D.18.126, cf. 168; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, 44.26: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι Th.1.70: hence, scanty, makeshift, παρασκευή 6.37. 5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i. e. related by blood, Antipho 1.4, Pl.R.574b; ἀ. δόμοις E.Alc.533; οἱ ἀ. kinsfolk, X.An.2.4.1; ἀ. φίλοι E.Andr.671; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι D.19.290; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους Act.Ap.10.24, cf. PFlor.2.142.2 (iii A. D.). 6 Astrol., efficacious, Vett.Val.63.1 (Comp.): ἀ. γραμμή line of fate, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238. 7 costly, ὄξος POxy.1870 (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. s.v. βεστιάριον. III Adv. -ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Hdt.1.89, A.Ch.239, S.Tr.723, Pl. Phd.91e, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.8.140.ά, al.; ἀ. φέρειν, opp. ἀνδρείως, Th.2.64; as best might be, Pl. Ti.69d. 2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (cf. 11.4, but prob. with play on 111.1), Id.R.527a; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. Babr.55.2:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις Pl.Phlb.40c. 3 strictly, κελεύειν OGI669.41 (i A. D.). IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Vett.Val.113.9. V ἀναγκαῖον, τό, v. sub v.
German (Pape)
[Seite 183] bei den Attikern oft auch 2 End., Thuc. 1, 2; Plat. Rep. VIII, 559 a u. sonst; 1) zwingend, nöthigend, χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, aus dringender Noth, Il. 8, 57; μῦθος ἀν., ein Machtspruch, dem man gehorchen muß, Od. 17, 399; ἦμαρ ἀν., = δούλιον, der Zwingtag, der Freie zu Knechten macht, Il. 16, 836, wie bei Soph. Ai. 480 τύχη ἀναγκαία, das Sklavenloos; vgl. Eur. I. A. 511; λόγοι El. 293; πειθώ, d. i. unwiderstehliche Ueberredung, Plat. Soph. 265 d; δεσμὸς ἀν., hemmende Fessel, Theocr. 24, 33; χαλινός Tryph. 97; τὸ ἀναγκαῖον, das Gefängniß, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 18, welches die alten Gramm. als Eigenthümlich Keit. bemerken. – 2) gezwungen, Hom. Od. 24, 210 δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, wo jedoch Einige χρειώδεις: nützliche, unentbehrliche erklärten, s. Scholl.; 24, 499 ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί, wo beide Erklärungen in den Scholl. wiederkehren; auch aw unangenehm, peinlich, Theogn. 291. 464. – 3) physische Verbindlichkeit in sich schließend, nothwendig, τὰ ἀναγκαῖα, Naturbedürfnisse, wie Schlaf, Nahrung, Ausleerungen, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 11; ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὰ ἀν. 1, 6, 36; τροφὴ ἀν. Plat. Legg. VIII, 848 a; τὰ ἀν., das nach einer Schicksalsnothwendigkeit gewiß Geschehende, Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 6, im Ggstz von ἄδηλα, ὅπως ἂν ἀποβήσοιτο; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀναγκαῖα, die von Gott bestimmte Ordnung der Dinge, Naturnothwendigkeit, Hell. 1, 7, 10; θάνατος πᾶσι κοινὸς καὶ ἀναγκαῖος An. 3, 1, 43. Dah. unentbehrlich, μαθήματα Plat. Legg. I, 643 c; πόσεις Xen. Lac. 5, 4; auch = αἰδοῖον, Artemid. 1, 45; τὸ ἀν., die Noth, Thuc. 5, 99; ὅπλισις, nothdürftige Bewaffnung, 5, 8, wie ἀπομάχεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἀναγκαιοτάτου ὕψους 1, 90; ἡ πόλις ἀναγκαιοτάτη εἴη ἂν ἐκ τεττάρων ἢ πέντε ἀνδρῶν, die nothdürftigste Stadt, Plat. Rep. II, 369 d. Häufig ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, es ist durchaus nothwendig, mit darauf folgendem inf., wofür auch Plat. Soph. 242 b τὴν ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην ἡμῖν εἶναι τρέπεσθαι, es sei nothwendig, daß wir diesen Weg einschlagen; vgl. Legg. I, 643 c. – 4) blutsverwandt, wie necessarius, μήτηρ, πατήρ, Plat. Rep. IX, 574 b u. sonst; vgl. Philem. Stob. Fl. 108, 33. – Adv. ἀναγκαίως, nothwendiger Weise, ἀναγκαίως μοι ἔχει οὕτω ποιεῖν, ich muß so handeln, Her. 8, 140, vgl. 1, 89; ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, es ist nothwendig, Aesch. Ch. 237; Soph. Tr. 270; Eur. Herc. Fur. 859; Her. 1, 89. 8, 140; ἀν. ἔχω Lys. 6, 35. Einen compar. ἀναγκαιέστερον hat Epicharm. bei Eust. Od. 1441, 15.
