Bacchanal
δρυὸς πεσούσης πᾶς ἀνὴρ ξυλεύεται → when the oak falls, everyone cuts wood | when an oak has fallen, every man gathers wood | on the fall of an oak, every man gathers wood | when an oak has fallen, every man becomes a woodcutter | one takes advantage of somebody who has lost his strength | one takes advantage of somebody who has lost his power | when the tree is fallen, every man goes to it with his hatchet
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
Bacchānal: (old orthog. Bacānal, v. S. C. Bacch. A. V. C. 568, Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172: baccānal, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 3), ālis, n. from Bacchus, like Fagutal, Frutinal, Lupercal, etc.; v. App. 1 to the Pref.,
I a place devoted to Bacchus, the place where the festivals of Bacchus were celebrated: NE QVIS EORVM BACANAL HABVISE VELET, S. C. Bacch. v. 4: EA BACANALIA... IN DIEBVS X... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, ib. v. 28: ad Baccas veni in Baccanal, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 3: aperire, id. ib. 8: Bacchanalia, Liv. 39, 18, 7.—
II Transf., in the plur.: Bacchānālia, ium (gen. sometimes Bacchananorum, Sall. H. 3, 79 Dietsch; Firm. Mat. Err. Prof. Relig. 6, 9), a feast of Bacchus, the orgies of Bacchus (diff. from the Roman festival of Liber; v. Liberalia); celebrated once in three years, at night, and in the most tumultuous and licentious manner (cf. Smith, Antiq.); hence, prohibited in Rome, A.U.C. 568, B.C. 186, by a decree of the Senate, Senatusconsultum de Bacchanalibus, which is yet preserved (v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172 sq.); Liv. 39, 9, 3; 39, 12, 4; 39, 16, 10; 39, 18, 7 sq.; 39, 41, 6; Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; Tac. H. 2, 68.—Rarely in sing.: Bacchanal facere, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 43 Lorenz ad loc.; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 20; so, exercere, id Suppos Amph Tun' me mactes? v. 12: habere, in the abovementioned S. C.—Poet.: Bacchanalia vivere, to live in the manner of the Bacchantes, to live riotously and wantonly, Juv. 2, 3.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
Bacchānăl (arch. Bacānal S. C. Bacch. CIL 1, 581 ; 10, 104) ālis, n.,
1 lieu de réunion des femmes qui célèbrent les mystères de Bacchus : Pl. Aul. 408 ; Bacch. 53
2 au sing., Pl. Mil. 858, mais surt. au pl. Bacchānālĭa, ĭum (qqf. ĭōrum), n., Bacchanales, fêtes de Bacchus : Cic. Leg. 3, 37 ; Liv. 39, 9, 3 || [fig. et poét.] bacchanalia vivere Juv. 2, 3, mener une vie de débauches.
Latin > German (Georges)
Bacchānal (archaist. Bacānal), ālis, n. (Bacchus), I) ein dem Bacchus geweihter Ort, der Ort, wo die Bacchusfeier begangen wird, Plaut. aul. 408; Bacch. 53: Plur. (v. mehreren Orten), SC. de Bacch. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 28. Liv. 39, 18, 7. – II) Bacchānal, Plaut. mil. 858. SC. de Bacch. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 3 u. 4 (wo Bacanal): gew. Plur. Bacchānālia, ium, n. (zuw. iōrum, wie Sall. hist. fr. 3, 79 [97]), Cic. de legg. 2, 37. Liv. 39, 9 sqq. Liv. epit. 39. 1) das Bacchusfest, die Bacchusfeier, alle drei Jahre zur Nachtzeit höchst tumultuarisch u. ausschweifend begangen, dah. in Rom im J. 186 v. Chr. verboten durch ein senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, das sich noch erhalten hat u. abgedruckt ist im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. p. 43. – 2) die Kultusstätten des Bacchus, demoliri Bacchanalia, Liv. 39, 16, 10. – Poet., Bacchanalia vivere, ausschweifend leben, Iuven. 2, 3.
