κάτω

English (LSJ)

Adv., (κατά):    I with Verbs implying Motion, downwards, ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται Il.17.136; κ. ὁρόων Od.23.91; κατὰ τείχεος κ. ῥίπτειν Hdt.8.53; κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κ. Ar.Pl.238; χώρει κ. A.Pr.74; κ. δάκρυ' εἰβομένη S.Ant.527 (anap.), cf. E.Fr.384; esp. of the nether world, A.Pers.839, S.Ant.197, etc.; κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Pl.R.500b, 584e; κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς they suffered from diarrhoea, X.An.4.8.20, cf. Hp.Epid.5.20; φάρμακον πῖσαι κ. give a purgative, Id.Aff.32, cf. 15; κ. βοηθεῖν go down to help, D.32.5; for ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω, etc., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.2.    2 downwards, in a chain of causes, ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι Arist.Metaph.994a19.    3 c. gen., down from, πετρῶν ὦσαι κ. E.Cyc.448.    II with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), beneath, below, opp. ἄνω, Hes.Th.301, etc.: ὁ τόπος ὁ κ. καλούμενος Pl.Phd.112c.    b in the world below, S.Aj.660, OC1563 (lyr.), etc.; οἱ κ. the dead, Id.Aj.865, Ant.75, etc.; οἱ κ. θεοί Id.El.292, cf. E.Alc.851.    c geographically below, southward, Hdt., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.1e; also κ. οἰκεῖν to dwell on the coast, Th.1.7; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, ib.120; ἡ. κ. Γαλατία lower Galatia, Plu Aem.9, etc.; βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κ. χωρῶν OGI90.3 (Rosetta, ii B.C.).    d in the race-course, τὰ κ. the starting-place, opp. τὰ ἄνω (the goal), Pl.R.613b.    e τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν the lower limbs of the body, Id.Lg.794d; ἡ κ. κοιλία, opp. ἡ ἄνω, Arist.Mete.360b24.PA676a5; περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν miscarry, fail, Luc. Ind.1.    f of Time, afterwards, later, Ael.VH5.13; οἱ κ. χρόνοι Plu. Cor.25; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ πάλαι, Luc.Hipp.1; τοῦ χρόνου κ. later in time, Ael.VH3.17, NA2.18; Δαρεῖος ὁ κ. ib.6.48; cf. ἄνω (B) A.11.1i.    g in Logic, τὰ κ. the lower members in a descending series of genera and species, Arist.AP0.97a31, Metaph.992a18.    III c. gen., under, below, κ. χθονός, γῆς, A.Eu.1023, S.OT968, etc.    IV Comp. κατωτέρω lower, downwards, Ar.Ra.70, Alex.173.2: c. gen., lower than, below, Hdt.8.132.    2 Sup. κατωτάτω at the lowest part, τὰ κ. Id.2.125 (but in signf. 11.g, Phld.Sign.29).

German (Pape)

[Seite 1406] 1) hinab, hinunter, nach unten zu; ἧστο κάτω ὁρόων Od. 23, 91; πᾶν δέ τ' ἐπισκύνιον κάτω ἕλκεται Il. 17, 136; πόλλ' ἄνω τὰ δ' αὖ κάτω κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες, auf- u. abwärts, Pind. Ol. 12, 6; ἐγὼ δ' ἄπειμι γῆς ὑπὸ ζόφον κάτω Aesch. Pers. 825; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω στρέφων Eum. 620, vgl. ἄνω; so bei Soph. u. A.; bes. in die Unterwelt hinab, ἃ τοῖς ἀρίστοις ἔρχεται κάτω νεκροῖς Soph. Ant. 197, vgl. 520; auch κάτω δάκρυ' εἰβομένη, 523; vgl. Ar. Ran. 476; κάτω βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Plat. Rep VI, 500 b IX, 584 e; κάτω διεχώρει αὐτοῖς, et ging unten durch, sie hatten den Durchfall, Xen. An. 4, 8, 20. – Auch c. gen., πετρῶν ὦσαι κάτω Eur. Cycl. 452, vom Felsen herab; κατὰ τῆς γῆς κάτω Ar. Plut. 238, wie κατὰ τείχεος κάτω ῥίπτειν Her. 8, 53. – 2) unten, unterwärts; Hes. Th. 301; in der Unterwelt, τὰν παγκευθῆ κάτω νεκρῶν πλάκα Soph. O. C. 1559, öfter; οἱ κάτω θεοί El. 284; οἷα τοῖς κάτω νομίζεται 319, öfter, die Todten; Ai. 852 Ant. 75; εἶμι τῶν κάτω Κόρης ἄνακτός τ' εἰς ἀνηλίους δόμους Eur. Alc. 851; – τὰ κάτω τῶν μελῶν Plat. Legg. VII, 794 d; οἱ κάτω, die am Meeresufer, an der Küste wohnen, Ggstz οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, Thuc. 1, 120; Ἰωνίης τὰ κάτω Her. 1, 143; τὸ κ. καὶ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Plut. Phoc. 28. – In der Rennbahn, von den Schranken an, Plat. Rep. X, 613 b. – 3) von der Zeit, nachher, später; κάτω τοῦ χρόνου Ael. V. H. 3, 17; ἐπὶ Θησέως καὶ τῶν Κοδριδῶν κάτω 5, 13; Ggstz τῶν πάλαι μὲν – τῶν κάτω δέ, die Folgenden, Neueren, Luc. Lipp. 1; – ἡ κάτω συλλαβή, die folgende Sylbe, E. M. – Compar. κατωτέρω; Plat. Phaed. 112 d; κατωτέρω τοῦ Ταρτάρου 113 h; vgl. Ar. Ran. 69; das adj. κατώτερος u. superl. κατώτατος s. unten; κατωτάτω Sp.; οἱ κατώτατα ἑστεῶτες Her. 8, 23; μικρὸν κατώτερον τοῦ στόματος Arist. H. A. 6, 10. – Vgl. κάτωθεν.