υἱός

English (LSJ)

ὁ (written ϝηιός in

   A Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1931.103 (Nemea, vi B. C.)), declined regul. υἱοῦ, υἱῷ, υἱόν, but in Att. Inscrr. only after 350 B.C. (exc. υἱός IG12.529,530, 598, 625; ὑός ib. 585, 828; ὑόνib.70.8), and then always so: —in earlier Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like πῆχυς), nom. υἱύς (written huihus) Klein Vasen mit Meister-signaturen 72 (Brit.Mus.Cat.701) (ὑύς IG12.571, 670, 686; contr. ὕς ib.663); gen. υἱέος (ὑέος IG22.4883); dat. υἱεῖ: dual υἱεῖ Lys.19.46, written ηυιε in IG12.775 (corrupted to υἱέε in Pl.Ap.20a cod. B), υἱέοιν: pl. υἱεῖς (ὑεῖς IG12.115.14, al.), υἱέων, υἱέσι (S.Ant.571, Ar. Nu.1001 (anap.)), ὑέ[σιν] (IG12.54.14), υἱεῖς (ὑεῖς IG22.1.73): but gen. υἱέως, and acc. υἱέα, υἱέας, which are formed as though from nom. Υἱεύς, are rejected by Phryn.48,49, Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not Att., though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα Euph. 5, Arr.Cyn.16, ὑέα IG42(1).244.4 (Epid., ii B. C.), but υἱέως is f. l. in Th.1.13, J.AJ18.2.4, etc.): dat. pl. υἱεῦσιν is mentioned as a form that would be regular by Eust.1348.27:—Homer uses nom. υἱός (very freq.); gen. υἱοῦ only in Od.22.238, elsewh. υἱέος; dat. υἱέϊ or υἱεῖ; acc. υἱέα Il.13.350 (cf. IGRom.4.360.29 (Pergam., hex.)), elsewh. υἱόν (very freq.): pl., nom. υἱέες Il.5.10, al., or υἱεῖς Od.15.248, 24.387,497; gen. υἱῶν Il.21.587, 22.44, Od.24.223; dat. υἱοῖσι (ν) only Od.19.418, υἱάσι (ν) Il.5.463, al. (never υἱέσι); acc. υἱέας ib.149, al.:— he also uses the shorter forms, gen. υἷος, υἷι, υἷα, dual υἷε (distd. from the voc. sg. υἱέ by the accent), pl. υἷες, υἷας; but these were confined to Ep.: their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr.1.409) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declension υἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας (like βασιλῆος, etc., as though from υἱεύς), belongs solely to later Ep. poets, as A.R.2.1093,1119, Nic.Fr.110, AP9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς IG5 (1).720 (Lacon.), Leg.Gort.12.17 (υιυις lapis); acc. υἱύν Inscr.Olymp.30, Leg.Gort.10.15; gen. υἱέος ib.6.3, Schwyzer 105 (Methana, vi B. C.); but υἱοῦ IG9(1).867 (Corc., vii B. C.); nom. pl. υἱέες Leg.Gort.7.25; acc. pl. υἱύνς ib. 4.40, IG12.407 (Cret. or Argive); dat. pl. υἱάσι Leg.Gort.4.37 (as in Hom., influenced by θυγατράσι, πατράσι, which have ρα = ṛ, cf. Skt. pitṛ[snull ]u); ὑέεσσι IG14.10 (Syrac.); υἷος in SIG55 (Thessaly, v B. C.) is perh. the Aeol. gen. (ὑός is nom. rather than gen. in IG12.828); acc. ὗα Schwyzer 625 (Mytil., ii/i B. C.); a nom. ὑϊς (scanned - ) IG12.472 (Boeotia, vi B. C.), cf. Simon.249 (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες IG22.3632.24 (hex., Eleusis, ii A. D.). The initial syll. is both υἱ-and ὑ-in Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e. g. ὑεῖς IG12.115.14, ὑέ[σιν] ib.54.14, ὑόν v. supr.), afterwards ὑ-, but υἱός reappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually has ὑιος, which is found also in T, cod. B always has υἱός, editors restore ὑός; acc. υἱόν is recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, ὑός is at all times less common than υἱός:—ὁ υεἱός CIG (add.) 3857p; dat. υεἱῷ ib.3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. BCH11.471:—son, Il.6.366, etc.; υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα to adopt as a son, Aeschin.2.28; υἱεῖς ἄνδρες grown-up sons, D. 25.88: metaph., Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόν Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: rarely of animals, Ev.Matt.21.5.    2 periphr., υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, for Ἀχαιοί, Il. 1.162, al.; cf. παῖς 1.3.    3 generally, child, and so υἱ. ἄρρην male child, Apoc.12.5, PSI9.1039.36 (iii A. D.).    4 freq. in LXX in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν 100 years old, Ge.11.10, al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας 2 Ki.7.10; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως 1 Ki. 26.16; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων hostages, 4 Ki.14.14; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης Ev.Luc.10.6.    5 in some dialects, including the Ion. Prose of Hdt., υἱός is replaced by παῖς: υἱός is rare in Trag., A.Th.609, Fr. 320, E.Or.1689 (anap.), al., and 7 times in S.: Hom. has both words in this sense.    6 as a general term of affection, PGiss.68.2 (ii A. D.), POxy.1219.2 (iii A. D.); υἱέ, an author's address to the reader, LXX Pr.1.8, al.    7 δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος, as titles of honour, SIG804.10 (Cos, i A. D.), 813A,B (Delph., i A. D.), 854 (Eleusis, i A. D.).    8 υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων sons of men, periphr. for men (cf. supr. 2,4), LXXPs.89(90).3; οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ. ib.Ge.11.5, Ev.Marc.3.28; υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου man, LXXEz.2.1,3, al.; of the Messiah, ib.Da.7.13, Apoc.14.14; used by Jesus of himself, Ev.Matt.8.20, al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, Act.Ap.7.56).    9 υἱοὶ Θεοῦ sons of God, implying inheritors of the nature of God (cf. supr. 4), Ev.Matt.5.9, cf. 45, Ev.Luc.6.35; implying participants in the glory of God, ib.20.36.    b of Jesus, τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ ib. 1.35; ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, Ev.Matt.26.63, cf.Ev.Jo.1.34.    c Θεοῦ υἱός, = Lat. Divi (sc. Caesaris) filius, patronymic of Augustus, BGU543.3 (27 B.C.), PTeb.382.21 (i B. C.), IG12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5 A. D.). [Hom.sts. has the first syll. short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός Il.6.130; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός Od.11.270; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος Il.17.575, cf. 590; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν 4.473; Σελάγου υἱόν 5.612; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο 7.47; and Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός seem to be the better readings in 1.489, 2.566: in these places some other form ought perh. to be restored, but none of the known forms has a short ῠ: ὑός has ῡ in IG12.585 (vi B. C.), 828 (v B. C.), 2.2338, 22.4319 (both iv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom. υἷς, and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as ὕις (), but this is uncertain, as in Sch.Il.5.266 he seems to say that ὕις (υἷις cod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from *sū-yú-s, cf. Skt. sūte 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.) se, (B-dial.) soyä 'son'; different suffix in *sū-nu-s, Skt. sūnūs, etc., and in *s[ucaron]-nu-s, OE. sunu, etc. (all = son); *sūyú- perh. became *s[ucaron]wyú-, then *suiwú-; υἱός and υἱόν perh. by dissimilation from υἱύς υἱύν, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; ὗϊς (ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of υἷος υἷι υἷες etc. is uncertain.)

German (Pape)

[Seite 1176] ὁ (von ὕω od. Fύω = φύω, filius), theils regelmäßig nach der 2. Declination flectirt, bes. bei den Attikern, theils nach der 3. Declin.; gen. υἱέος, dat. υἱεῖ, dual. υἱέε, υἱέοιν, plur. υἱεῖς, υἱέων, υἱέσιν, Soph. Ant. 567, υἱεῖς; υἱέα u. υἱέας werden als unattisch bezeichnet, wie der gen. υἱέως, vgl. Thom. Mag. p. 866; Lob. Phryn. p. 68; in späterer Prosa, wie Ael., findet sich auch der dat. plur. υἱεῦσιν; Hom. hat den gen. υἱοῦ nur einmal, Od. 22, 238, den accus. υἱόν oft, im plur. gen. υἱῶν, Il. 21, 587. 22, 54 Od. 24, 223, υἱοῖσιν, 19, 418, υἱούς, aber nur als v. l., Il. 5, 159; von den andern Formen finden sich bei ihm υἱέος, υἱεῖ, υἱέϊ, υἱέα, 13, 350, plur. υἱέες neben υἱεῖς, u. acc. υἱέας; daneben auch noch die bloß epischen Formen gen. sing. υἷος, dat. υἷϊ, acc. υἷα, dual. υἷε, plur. oft υἷες, υἱάσιν, υἷας. – Pind. hat außer den Formen der 2. Declin. nur υἱέες, υἱέων, I. 7, 25. – In ion. Prosa findet sich noch gen. sing. υἱῆος. – Die von den Gramm. angenommenen Nominativformen υἱής, υἱεύς, υἱΐς, ὗϊς oder υἷς sind niemals gebraucht worden. – Der Sohn, Hom. u. Folgde überall. – Der plur. dient bes. bei Sp., wie παῖδες, zur Umschreibung einer Lebensweise, die gew. vom Vater auf den Sohn zunftmäßig forterbte, ἰατρῶν υἱεῖς, ῥητόρων υἱεῖς, die Aerzte, Rhetoren u. dgl., wie auch schon Hom. υἷες Ἀχαιῶν für die Achäer selbst braucht. – [Hom. braucht in der Thesis die erste Sylbe zuweilen kurz, in den Formen υἱός, Il. 6, 130. 17, 575 Od. 11, 270, υἱόν, Il. 4, 473. 5, 612. 17, 590, u. υἱέ, 7, 47; vgl. Herm. h. Apoll. 48.]

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

υἱός: ὁ, κλίνεται κανονικῶς υἱοῦ, υἱῷ, υἱόν· - ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν γ΄ κλίσιν ὡς εἰ ὑπῆρχεν ὀνομαστ. *υἱεύς, γεν. υἱέος, δοτ. υἱεῖ· δυϊκ. υἱέε (Λυσί. 156. 4), υἱέοιν· πληθυντ. υἱεῖς, υἱέων, υἱέσι (Σοφ. Ἀντ. 571, Ἀριστοφάν. Νεφ. 1001), υἱεῖς· ἀλλ’ ἡ γεν. υἱέως, καὶ αἱ αἰτιατ. υἱέα, υἱέας, ἀποδοκιμάζονται ὡς μὴ Ἀττικά, εἰ καὶ εἶναι ἐν χρήσει οἱ τύποι οὗτοι παρὰ μεταγενεστέροις συγγραφεῦσιν (οἷον Πλουτ. 2. 109C, Ἰωσήπ. Ἰουδ. Ἀρχ. 18. 2, 4, Ἀρρ. κλπ., εἰσέφρησαν δὲ καὶ εἰς ἐκδόσεις τοῦ Θουκ. καὶ τοῦ Πλάτ., ἰδὲ Θωμ. Μάγιστρ. σ. 866, Λοβ. εἰς Φρύν. 68· δοτ. πληθ. υἱεῦσι, μνημονευομένη παρ’ Εὐστ. διωρθώθη ἐξ Ἀντιγράφ. ἐν Αἰλ. π. Ζ. 9. 1· γεν. καὶ δοτ. υἱειός, ὑειιῷ ἀπαντῶσιν ἐν τῇ Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. (προσθῆκ.) 3846z 82., -57p- ὁ Ὅμ. ἔχει ὀνομ. υἱός· γεν. υἱοῦ μόνον ἐν Ὀδ. Χ. 238, ἀλλαχοῦ υἱέος· δοτ. ἀείποτε υἱέϊ ἢ υἱεῖ· αἰτ. υἱέα Ἰλ. Ν. 350, ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ πανταχοῦ υἱόν· - πληθ., ὀνομ. ἀείποτε υἱέες ἢ υἱεῖς· γεν. υἱῶν· δοτ. υἱοῖσι Ὀδ. Τ. 418· αἰτ. υἱοὺς διάφ. γραφ. Ἰλ. Ε. 159, ἀλλαχοῦ υἱέας· - παρ’ αὐτῷ δὲ εἶναι ἐν χρήσει καὶ οἱ τύποι υἷος, υἷι, υἷα, δυϊκ. υἷε (ὅπερ διαστέλλεται ἀπὸ τῆς κλητ. υἱὲ διὰ τοῦ τονισμοῦ), πληθ. υἷες, υἱάσι, υἷας· - ἀλλ’ οὗτοι οἱ τύποι διαμένουσιν ὅλως Ἐπικοί. - Ἡ κλίσις υἱῆος, υἱῆι, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας ἀνήκει ἀποκλειστικῶς εἰς μεταγενεστ. Ἐπικοὺς ποιητάς, οἷον Ἀπολλ. Ρόδ. Β. 1094, 1119, Ἀνθολ. Π. 8. 88, 9. 23, κλπ. Ἡ ὀνομ. ὑός, ἥτις μνημονεύεται ὡς ὁ προσήκων τύπος τῶν γραμμ. (Λοβ. εἰς Φρύν. 40), εὕρηται ἐν ἐπιγραφαῖς (πρβλ. υἱοθεσία)· (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.). Οὐδαμοῦ δὲ ἀπαντῶσιν αἱ ὀνομαστικαὶ υἱεύς. υἷις. ὗϊς, υἷς. Ὡς καὶ νῦν, τὸ ἄρρεν τέκνον, κοινῶς «γιός», Λατ. filius, Ὅμ., κλπ., σπανίως παρεμβάλλεται μετὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ πατρός, οἷον ἐν τῇ Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 1788, 2694a. 16, 3972 υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα, υἱοθετεῖν, Αἰσχίν. 32. 3· υἱεῖς ἄνδρες, ἀνδρωθέντες υἱοί, Δημ. 796. 20· - σπανίως ἐπὶ ζῴων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κα΄, 5. 2) περιφρ., υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, ἀντὶ Ἀχαιοί, Ἰλ. Α. 162, κ. ἀλλ.· πρβλ. παῖς Ι. 3. (Πρβλ. Σανσκρ. su, sû, av-âmi, sâu-mi (gig-io, pari), su-tas, su-nus, Ζενδ. hu-nu (filius)· Γοτθ. su-nus, Λιθ. su-n s, Σκαν. sy-nŭ (Ἀγγλ. son). Πρβλ. ὡσαύτως φύω, Λατ. filius, Ἰσπαν. hijio. [Ὁ Ὅμ. ἐνίοτε ἔχει τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν βραχεῖαν ἐν θέσει, ἔνθα ἴσως ἔδει νὰ διορθωθῇ ὑός· οὐδὲ Δράκοντος υἱὸς Ἰλ. Ζ. 130 Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱὸς Ὀδ. Λ. 270· Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος Ἰλ. Ρ. 575, πρβλ. 590· Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱὸν Δ. 473· Σελάγου υἱὸν Ε. 612· Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Η. 47, καὶ Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός, φαίνονται αἱ ὀρθότεραι γραφαὶ ἐν Ἰλ. Α. 489., Β. 566].