σκληρός: Difference between revisions
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τὰ καλὰ καὶ συμφέροντα ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν καὶ εἰρήνην τῷ κόσμῳ → what is good and profitable to our souls, and for peace to the world
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|Definition=ά, όν, also Dor., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Epich.[288]</span>, hyperdor. σκλᾱρός <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104c</span>:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">hard</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μαλακός</b> in all senses: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">hard</b> to the touch, ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν <span class="bibl">Thgn.1194</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> Pi.l.c.; γῆ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>319</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.11</span>; κοίτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>942d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of sound, <b class="b2">harsh</b>, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>839</span>; βρονταί <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.12</span>; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>801b38</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of taste and smell, <b class="b2">harsh, bitter</b>, <b class="b3">σ. ὕδατα</b> (springing from a rocky soil) Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος <span class="bibl">Plb.4.21.5</span>; of wine, <b class="b2">dry</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>579</span>, Dsc. <span class="title">Alex.Praef.</span>; ὀσμαί <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>6.14.12</span> (Comp.): metaph., σ. φράσις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">stiff, unyielding</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὑγρός</b> (lithe and supple), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1199</span>; σκληρότεροι μαστοί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>688a27</span>; σκέλη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">10.10</span>; of the hair (cf. [[σκληρόθριξ]]), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>517b11</span> (Comp.), al.; <b class="b3">σ. δέρμα, σάρξ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>665a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phgn.</span>806b22</span>, etc.; of persons, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>162b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>196a</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Salt.</span>21</span>; of dogs, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.2</span>; <b class="b3">τράχηλος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.30</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>873a34</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κοιλίη σ</b>. <b class="b2">costive</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span> 3.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>670b9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of light, <b class="b2">strong</b>, ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Col.</span>793b17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> of a wind, <b class="b2">strong</b>, Ep.Jac.3.4, <span class="bibl">Poll.1.110</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of things, <b class="b2">hard, austere</b>, μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς Epich. l.c.; τροφή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1615</span>; δίαιται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>525.5</span>; βίος <span class="bibl">Men.522</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σ</b>. <b class="b2">hard words</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1406</span>; σ. συμφοραί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>684.3</span>; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>774</span>; <b class="b3">τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>. = [[σκληρότης]], ἡ δίαιτα . . ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1270b33</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b2">harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>155e</span>, Ti.Locr. l.c.; <b class="b3">σ. ἀοιδός</b>, of the Sphinx, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>36</span>; σ. γὰρ αἰεί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>500</span>; ὦ σ. δαῖμον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1264</span>; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>350</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγροικοι καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1128a9</span>; σ. ψυχή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1361</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1260</span>(anap.); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>473</span>; ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>195e</span>; <b class="b3">σ. θράσος</b> <b class="b2">stubborn</b> courage, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>261</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Adv., <b class="b3">-ρῶς καθῆσθαι</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">on a hard seat</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>783</span>; εὐνάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hardly, with difficulty</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>282.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">harshly, obstinately</b>, σ. διαμάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>629a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπειλεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">885d</span>; τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b9</span>; σ. αὐλεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span> 803a20</span>. (Prob. cogn. with <b class="b3">σκέλλω</b>.)</span> | |Definition=ά, όν, also Dor., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Epich.[288]</span>, hyperdor. σκλᾱρός <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104c</span>:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">hard</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μαλακός</b> in all senses: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">hard</b> to the touch, ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν <span class="bibl">Thgn.1194</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> Pi.l.c.; γῆ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>319</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.11</span>; κοίτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>942d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of sound, <b class="b2">harsh</b>, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>839</span>; βρονταί <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.12</span>; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>801b38</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of taste and smell, <b class="b2">harsh, bitter</b>, <b class="b3">σ. ὕδατα</b> (springing from a rocky soil) Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος <span class="bibl">Plb.4.21.5</span>; of wine, <b class="b2">dry</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>579</span>, Dsc. <span class="title">Alex.Praef.</span>; ὀσμαί <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>6.14.12</span> (Comp.): metaph., σ. φράσις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">stiff, unyielding</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὑγρός</b> (lithe and supple), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1199</span>; σκληρότεροι μαστοί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>688a27</span>; σκέλη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">10.10</span>; of the hair (cf. [[σκληρόθριξ]]), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>517b11</span> (Comp.), al.; <b class="b3">σ. δέρμα, σάρξ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>665a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phgn.</span>806b22</span>, etc.; of persons, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>162b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>196a</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Salt.</span>21</span>; of dogs, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.2</span>; <b class="b3">τράχηλος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.30</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>873a34</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κοιλίη σ</b>. <b class="b2">costive</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span> 3.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>670b9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> of light, <b class="b2">strong</b>, ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Col.</span>793b17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> of a wind, <b class="b2">strong</b>, Ep.Jac.3.4, <span class="bibl">Poll.1.110</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of things, <b class="b2">hard, austere</b>, μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς Epich. l.c.; τροφή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1615</span>; δίαιται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>525.5</span>; βίος <span class="bibl">Men.522</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σ</b>. <b class="b2">hard words</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1406</span>; σ. συμφοραί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>684.3</span>; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>774</span>; <b class="b3">τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>. = [[σκληρότης]], ἡ δίαιτα . . ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1270b33</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b2">harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>155e</span>, Ti.Locr. l.c.; <b class="b3">σ. ἀοιδός</b>, of the Sphinx, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>36</span>; σ. γὰρ αἰεί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>500</span>; ὦ σ. δαῖμον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1264</span>; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>350</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγροικοι καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1128a9</span>; σ. ψυχή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1361</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1260</span>(anap.); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>473</span>; ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>195e</span>; <b class="b3">σ. θράσος</b> <b class="b2">stubborn</b> courage, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>261</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Adv., <b class="b3">-ρῶς καθῆσθαι</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">on a hard seat</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>783</span>; εὐνάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hardly, with difficulty</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>282.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">harshly, obstinately</b>, σ. διαμάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>629a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπειλεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">885d</span>; τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b9</span>; σ. αὐλεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span> 803a20</span>. (Prob. cogn. with <b class="b3">σκέλλω</b>.)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0901.png Seite 901]] ῖσκέλλωἱ, <b class="b2">trocken, dürr</b>, [[ἐλαία]], Pind. Ol. 7, 29; <b class="b2">spröde, hart</b>, mager, γῆ, Aesch. Pers. 311; <b class="b2">steif</b>, [[σκέλος]], im Ggstz von [[ὑγρός]] u. [[χαλαρός]], Xen. Eq. 1, 6. 7, 6; Arist. probl. 30, 1; von der Stimme und vom Schall, dumpf, heiser, <b class="b2">rauh</b>, hohl, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε, Hes. Th. 839, wie σκληραὶ βρονταί Her. 8, 12; u. übertr.: σκληρᾶς ἀοιδοῦ, der grausamen Sphinx, Soph. O. R. 36; τὰ σκλήρ' [[ἄγαν]] φρονήματα, Ant. 469; [[ψυχή]], Ai. 1340; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων, O. C. 778; [[θράσος]], Eur. Andr. 260, u. öfter; [[δαίμων]], Ar. Nubb. 1246; σκληρὸς τοὺς τρόπους, Pax 350; σκληρῶς καθήμενος, Equitt. 780; καὶ [[αὐχμηρός]], Plat. Conv. 203 c; Ggstz [[μαλακός]] Prot. 331 d, [[μαλθακός]] Conv. 195 d; καὶ [[ἀμετάστροφος]], Crat. 407 d; [[ἦθος]], ein harter, unbeugsamer Charakter, Conv. 195 e; Ggstz [[εὐηθικός]], Charm. 175 d; σκληρῶς ἀπειλεῖν, Legg. X, 885 d; τὸ τῶν βίων σκληρόν, Pol. 4, 21, 1. – Vgl. [[σκληφρός]]. | |||
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Revision as of 19:41, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ά, όν, also Dor., Pi.O.7.29, Epich.[288], hyperdor. σκλᾱρός Ti.Locr.104c:—
A hard, opp. μαλακός in all senses: I hard to the touch, ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν Thgn.1194; ἐλαία Pi.l.c.; γῆ A.Pers.319, cf. X.Oec.16.11; κοίτη Pl.Lg.942d, etc. 2 of sound, harsh, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε Hes.Th.839; βρονταί Hdt.8.12; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα Arist.Aud.801b38, al. 3 of taste and smell, harsh, bitter, σ. ὕδατα (springing from a rocky soil) Hp.Aër.1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος Plb.4.21.5; of wine, dry, Ar.Fr.579, Dsc. Alex.Praef.; ὀσμαί Thphr.CP6.14.12 (Comp.): metaph., σ. φράσις D.H.Pomp.2. 4 stiff, unyielding, opp. ὑγρός (lithe and supple), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια Ar.Ach.1199; σκληρότεροι μαστοί Arist.PA688a27; σκέλη X.Eq.1.6; τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ. ib.10.10; of the hair (cf. σκληρόθριξ), Arist.HA517b11 (Comp.), al.; σ. δέρμα, σάρξ, Id.PA665a2, Phgn.806b22, etc.; of persons, Pl.Tht.162b, Smp.196a, Plu.Ages.13, Luc.Salt.21; of dogs, X.Cyn.3.2; τράχηλος ib.5.30; οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ. Arist.Pr.873a34, al. 5 κοιλίη σ. costive, Hp.Aph. 3.25, cf. Arist.PA670b9. 6 of light, strong, ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ Id.Col.793b17. 7 of a wind, strong, Ep.Jac.3.4, Poll.1.110, Ael.NA9.57. II metaph., 1 of things, hard, austere, μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς Epich. l.c.; τροφή S.OC1615; δίαιται E.Fr.525.5; βίος Men.522; τὰ σ. hard words, S.OC1406; σ. συμφοραί E.Fr.684.3; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων S.OC774; τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σ. Plu.Phoc.2; τὸ σ. = σκληρότης, ἡ δίαιτα . . ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. Arist.Pol.1270b33. 2 of persons, harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn, S.Fr.24.7, Pl.Tht.155e, Ti.Locr. l.c.; σ. ἀοιδός, of the Sphinx, S.OT36; σ. γὰρ αἰεί E.Alc.500; ὦ σ. δαῖμον Ar.Nu. 1264; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός Id.Pax350; ἄγροικοι καὶ σ. Arist.EN1128a9; σ. ψυχή S.Aj.1361, Tr.1260(anap.); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα Id.Ant.473; ἦθος Pl.Smp.195e; σ. θράσος stubborn courage, E.Andr.261. III Adv., -ρῶς καθῆσθαι, i.e. on a hard seat, Ar.Eq.783; εὐνάζεσθαι X. Cyn.12.2. 2 hardly, with difficulty, E.Fr.282.9. 3 harshly, obstinately, σ. διαμάχεσθαι Pl.Lg.629a; ἀπειλεῖν ib.885d; τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν Arist.Rh.1408b9; σ. αὐλεῖν Id.Aud. 803a20. (Prob. cogn. with σκέλλω.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 901] ῖσκέλλωἱ, trocken, dürr, ἐλαία, Pind. Ol. 7, 29; spröde, hart, mager, γῆ, Aesch. Pers. 311; steif, σκέλος, im Ggstz von ὑγρός u. χαλαρός, Xen. Eq. 1, 6. 7, 6; Arist. probl. 30, 1; von der Stimme und vom Schall, dumpf, heiser, rauh, hohl, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε, Hes. Th. 839, wie σκληραὶ βρονταί Her. 8, 12; u. übertr.: σκληρᾶς ἀοιδοῦ, der grausamen Sphinx, Soph. O. R. 36; τὰ σκλήρ' ἄγαν φρονήματα, Ant. 469; ψυχή, Ai. 1340; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων, O. C. 778; θράσος, Eur. Andr. 260, u. öfter; δαίμων, Ar. Nubb. 1246; σκληρὸς τοὺς τρόπους, Pax 350; σκληρῶς καθήμενος, Equitt. 780; καὶ αὐχμηρός, Plat. Conv. 203 c; Ggstz μαλακός Prot. 331 d, μαλθακός Conv. 195 d; καὶ ἀμετάστροφος, Crat. 407 d; ἦθος, ein harter, unbeugsamer Charakter, Conv. 195 e; Ggstz εὐηθικός, Charm. 175 d; σκληρῶς ἀπειλεῖν, Legg. X, 885 d; τὸ τῶν βίων σκληρόν, Pol. 4, 21, 1. – Vgl. σκληφρός.
