φημί: Difference between revisions
Οὐ παύσεσθε, εἶπεν, ἡμῖν ὑπεζωσμένοις ξίφη νόμους ἀναγινώσκοντες; → What! will you never cease prating of laws to us that have swords by our sides? | Stop quoting the laws to us. We carry swords.
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|Definition=<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> φῄς, φηις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>316.1</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.846.7</span> (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; <b class="b3">φησί</b> (apocop. φή <span class="bibl">Anacr.40</span>); pl. <b class="b3">φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί;</b> Dor. φᾱμί, <b class="b3">φᾱσί</b> or <b class="b3">φᾱτί</b> (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>771</span>, Anon. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1091.11</span>, <span class="bibl">18</span>), 3pl. <b class="b3">φαντί;</b> Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph.32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20.6, 3sg. <b class="b3">φαῖσι</b> ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. φαῖσι <span class="bibl">Sapph. <span class="title">Supp.</span>5.2</span>: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἔφην</b>, Ep. φῆν <span class="bibl">Il.18.326</span>; ἔφησθα <span class="bibl">1.397</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 132</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>438a</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.164</span>, etc. (rarely ἔφης <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.23</span>), Ep. φῆσθα <span class="bibl">Il.21.186</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.149</span> (v.l. [[φῇσθα]]), φῆς <span class="bibl">Il.5.473</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.239</span> (v.l.); <b class="b3">ἔφη</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">φῆ</b>, Dor. φᾶ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.11</span>; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.26</span> (ἔφημεν <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>184.7</span>, Gal.1.158, <span class="bibl">Papp.524.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.341</span> H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε <span class="bibl">And.2.25</span>; 3pl. <b class="b3">ἔφασαν</b>, Ep. φάσαν <span class="bibl">Il.2.278</span>, also <b class="b3">ἔφᾰν, φάν</b>, <span class="bibl">3.161</span>, <span class="bibl">6.108</span>; imper. <b class="b3">φαθί</b> (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.431</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>264.4</span>; <b class="b3">φάθι</b> is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>, al.); subj. <b class="b3">φῶ, φῇς, φῇ</b>, Ep. φῇσιν <span class="bibl">Od.1.168</span>, φήῃ <span class="bibl">11.128</span>, <span class="bibl">23.275</span>; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.116; opt. <b class="b3">φαίην</b>, 1pl. φαῖμεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.81</span>, <span class="bibl">24.222</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.87</span>, 3pl. φαῖεν <span class="bibl">Th.3.68</span>, etc.; inf. <b class="b3">φάναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>, etc., poet. φάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.19</span>; part. φάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.63</span>, <span class="bibl">141</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.135</span>, pl. φάντες <span class="bibl">Il.3.44</span>, <span class="bibl">14.126</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.139b: fut. <b class="b3">φήσω</b>, Dor. φασῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 739</span>, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>11.1212.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>19.3</span> (iii B. C.) (<b class="b3">ἔφασεν</b> is dub. ib.<span class="bibl">140.7</span>); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.66</span>; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) <b class="b3">φάσῃς [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Simon.32</span> (<b class="b3">φήσῃς</b> etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>503</span>, part. φήσας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.239</span>, inf. φῆσαι <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Char.</span>2.7</span>:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐφάμην, ἔφατο</b> (also <span class="title">SIG</span>437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>343.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.437.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Parth.4.5</span>, etc.), Ep. φάτο <span class="bibl">Il.20.262</span>, φάσθε <span class="bibl">Od.6.200</span>, <span class="bibl">10.562</span>, <b class="b3">ἔφαντο</b>, Ep. φάντο <span class="bibl">24.460</span>; imper. φάο <span class="bibl">16.168</span>, <span class="bibl">18.171</span>, <b class="b3">φάσθω, φάσθε;</b> inf. <b class="b3">φάσθαι;</b> part. <b class="b3">φάμενος</b> (also Archim. <b class="b2">Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem</b>., <span class="title">SIG</span>364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.4</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHamb.</span>4.14</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.12.2</span>, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. <b class="b3">φάσομαι [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.43</span>:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται <span class="bibl">A.R.2.500</span>; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>72d</span>; but part. πεφασμένος <span class="bibl">Il.14.127</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>843</span> shd. be referred to <b class="b3">φαίνω</b>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐφάθην</b> (ἀπ-, κατ-) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>18b39</span>. The pres. indic. <b class="b3">φημί</b> is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. <b class="b3">φῄς</b>: <b class="b3">φαμέν</b> is 1pl. pres., <b class="b3">φάμεν</b> poet. inf.: <b class="b3">φαντί</b> is 3pl., <b class="b3">φάντι</b> part. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">φάσκω</b> supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. <b class="b3">ἔφασκον;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἠμί. [ᾰ,</b> except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. <b class="b3">φάς, φᾶσα</b>: in inf. <b class="b3">φάναι ᾰ</b> always; <b class="b3">φᾶναι</b> is corrupt in <span class="bibl">Eub.119.11</span> codd. Ath.]:—<b class="b2">say, affirm, assert</b>, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. <b class="b3">Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν</b>( = [[-εῖν]]) φησι <span class="title">IG</span>12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.8.153</span>; also <b class="b3">Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν;</b> what <b class="b2">shall we say of</b> them? <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.5.12</span>; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Od.17.584</span>: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>13.28</span>; <b class="b3">κατά τινος φ</b>. to <b class="b2">speak</b> against him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>25</span>: sts. folld. by <b class="b3">ὡς</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.19</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>6.3.7</span>; by <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>487d</span>, <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>30</span>; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. l.c.; by part., dub. in <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>481c</span> (fort. leg. <b class="b3">θῶμεν</b>); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, <b class="b2">think, deem, suppose</b>, φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν <span class="bibl">Il. 2.37</span>; <b class="b3">φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε</b> <b class="b2">you would say, would think</b>, he was... <span class="bibl">3.220</span>; <b class="b3">ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to say</b> he is (i. e. <b class="b2">fancy</b> himself) equal to me, <span class="bibl">1.187</span>, <span class="bibl">15.167</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν</b> <b class="b2">think</b> not that you see, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.56</span>; <b class="b3">τί φῄς;</b> what <b class="b2">say you?</b> i.e. what <b class="b2">think you?</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.5</span>); λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>349</span>:—so <b class="b3">φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι</b>, <b class="b2">deem</b> it right, <span class="bibl">And.3.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.48</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">say</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">write</b>, of an author, ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Special Phrases: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">φασί</b>, <b class="b2">they say, it is said</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.638</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.42</span>, etc.; parenthetically, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1109a35</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span> 223</span>, etc.: Prose writers use <b class="b3">φησί</b> when quoting, <span class="bibl">D.23.89</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φησίν</b> <b class="b2">saith</b> He, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.16</span>; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>52.39</span>; "<b class="b3">τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη Ὅμηρος</b> as H. <b class="b2">said</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> joined with a synon. Verb, <b class="b3">ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.156</span>, <span class="bibl">6.137</span>, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς <span class="bibl">Id.1.122</span>; <b class="b3">λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.2.22</span>; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; <span class="bibl">D.8.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.100</span>; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>483</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, <b class="b3">ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, <b class="b2">said</b> I, <b class="b2">said</b> S., but the order is sts. inverted, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη</b>, I <b class="b2">said</b>, S. <b class="b2">said</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by <b class="b3">λέγει, εἶπεν</b>, etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>17.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>164e</span>; ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> τί φημί; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1471</span>, and τί φῄς; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>804</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span> 706</span> (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">κυριώτατα φάναι</b>, in parenthesis, strictly <b class="b2">speaking</b>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.374</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω φάναι</b>, = [[ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι]] <b class="b2">practically</b> all, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Vict.Att.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">συνελόντα</b> (v.l. [[-όντι]]) <b class="b3">φάναι</b>, = [[συνελόντι εἰπεῖν]], Id.16.502. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">Οἰδίπουν . . ἂν μόνον φῶ</b> if I only <b class="b2">mention</b> Oedipus, <span class="bibl">Antiph.191.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>411a</span>, <span class="bibl">435a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> like [[κατάφημι]], <b class="b2">say yes, affirm, assert</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ τοὺς φάναι</b> and they <b class="b2">said yes</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.88</span>; καί φημι κἀπόφημι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>317</span>; ἔγωγέ φημι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>526c</span>; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span>: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>442</span>; but <b class="b3">οὔ φημι</b> means <b class="b2">say no, deny, refuse</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν</b> <b class="b2">said</b> she would <b class="b2">not</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.2</span>; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.15</span>, 47 (leg. <b class="b3">-τρέψειν</b>): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>221</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>: abs., <b class="b3">κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ</b> if he <b class="b2">says no</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>555</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ</b> answer me <b class="b2">yes</b> or no, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>; so in answers, <b class="b3">φημί</b> or οὕτως φημί <b class="b2">yes</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>270c</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>500e</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφη</b> he <b class="b2">said no</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118a</span>.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. <b class="b3">φήσω</b> and aor. <b class="b3">ἔφησα</b>, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer <b class="b3">ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων</b> (v. <b class="b3">φάσκω</b>): <b class="b3">φάναι</b> is distd. fr. <b class="b3">φάσκειν</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἔφη σπουδάζειν</b> <b class="b2">he said</b> he was in haste, <b class="b3">ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν</b> <b class="b2">he alleged</b> he was in haste; but <b class="b3">ἔφησθα</b> is found in this sense, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">command, order</b>, ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με <span class="bibl">Lys.16.13</span> (so <b class="b3">ἔφασαν</b>, v. l. for <b class="b3">ἔφρασαν</b> in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.11</span>).</span> | |Definition=<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> φῄς, φηις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>316.1</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.846.7</span> (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; <b class="b3">φησί</b> (apocop. φή <span class="bibl">Anacr.40</span>); pl. <b class="b3">φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί;</b> Dor. φᾱμί, <b class="b3">φᾱσί</b> or <b class="b3">φᾱτί</b> (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>771</span>, Anon. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1091.11</span>, <span class="bibl">18</span>), 3pl. <b class="b3">φαντί;</b> Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph.32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20.6, 3sg. <b class="b3">φαῖσι</b> ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. φαῖσι <span class="bibl">Sapph. <span class="title">Supp.</span>5.2</span>: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἔφην</b>, Ep. φῆν <span class="bibl">Il.18.326</span>; ἔφησθα <span class="bibl">1.397</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 132</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>438a</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.164</span>, etc. (rarely ἔφης <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.23</span>), Ep. φῆσθα <span class="bibl">Il.21.186</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.149</span> (v.l. [[φῇσθα]]), φῆς <span class="bibl">Il.5.473</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.239</span> (v.l.); <b class="b3">ἔφη</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">φῆ</b>, Dor. φᾶ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.11</span>; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.26</span> (ἔφημεν <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>184.7</span>, Gal.1.158, <span class="bibl">Papp.524.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.341</span> H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε <span class="bibl">And.2.25</span>; 3pl. <b class="b3">ἔφασαν</b>, Ep. φάσαν <span class="bibl">Il.2.278</span>, also <b class="b3">ἔφᾰν, φάν</b>, <span class="bibl">3.161</span>, <span class="bibl">6.108</span>; imper. <b class="b3">φαθί</b> (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.431</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>264.4</span>; <b class="b3">φάθι</b> is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>, al.); subj. <b class="b3">φῶ, φῇς, φῇ</b>, Ep. φῇσιν <span class="bibl">Od.1.168</span>, φήῃ <span class="bibl">11.128</span>, <span class="bibl">23.275</span>; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.116; opt. <b class="b3">φαίην</b>, 1pl. φαῖμεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.81</span>, <span class="bibl">24.222</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.87</span>, 3pl. φαῖεν <span class="bibl">Th.3.68</span>, etc.; inf. <b class="b3">φάναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>, etc., poet. φάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.19</span>; part. φάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.63</span>, <span class="bibl">141</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.135</span>, pl. φάντες <span class="bibl">Il.3.44</span>, <span class="bibl">14.126</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.139b: fut. <b class="b3">φήσω</b>, Dor. φασῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 739</span>, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>11.1212.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>19.3</span> (iii B. C.) (<b class="b3">ἔφασεν</b> is dub. ib.<span class="bibl">140.7</span>); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.66</span>; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) <b class="b3">φάσῃς [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Simon.32</span> (<b class="b3">φήσῃς</b> etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>503</span>, part. φήσας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.239</span>, inf. φῆσαι <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Char.</span>2.7</span>:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐφάμην, ἔφατο</b> (also <span class="title">SIG</span>437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>343.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.437.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Parth.4.5</span>, etc.), Ep. φάτο <span class="bibl">Il.20.262</span>, φάσθε <span class="bibl">Od.6.200</span>, <span class="bibl">10.562</span>, <b class="b3">ἔφαντο</b>, Ep. φάντο <span class="bibl">24.460</span>; imper. φάο <span class="bibl">16.168</span>, <span class="bibl">18.171</span>, <b class="b3">φάσθω, φάσθε;</b> inf. <b class="b3">φάσθαι;</b> part. <b class="b3">φάμενος</b> (also Archim. <b class="b2">Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem</b>., <span class="title">SIG</span>364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.4</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHamb.</span>4.14</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.12.2</span>, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. <b class="b3">φάσομαι [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.43</span>:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται <span class="bibl">A.R.2.500</span>; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>72d</span>; but part. πεφασμένος <span class="bibl">Il.14.127</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>843</span> shd. be referred to <b class="b3">φαίνω</b>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐφάθην</b> (ἀπ-, κατ-) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>18b39</span>. The pres. indic. <b class="b3">φημί</b> is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. <b class="b3">φῄς</b>: <b class="b3">φαμέν</b> is 1pl. pres., <b class="b3">φάμεν</b> poet. inf.: <b class="b3">φαντί</b> is 3pl., <b class="b3">φάντι</b> part. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">φάσκω</b> supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. <b class="b3">ἔφασκον;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἠμί. [ᾰ,</b> except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. <b class="b3">φάς, φᾶσα</b>: in inf. <b class="b3">φάναι ᾰ</b> always; <b class="b3">φᾶναι</b> is corrupt in <span class="bibl">Eub.119.11</span> codd. Ath.]:—<b class="b2">say, affirm, assert</b>, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. <b class="b3">Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν</b>( = [[-εῖν]]) φησι <span class="title">IG</span>12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.8.153</span>; also <b class="b3">Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν;</b> what <b class="b2">shall we say of</b> them? <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.5.12</span>; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Od.17.584</span>: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>13.28</span>; <b class="b3">κατά τινος φ</b>. to <b class="b2">speak</b> against him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>25</span>: sts. folld. by <b class="b3">ὡς</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.19</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>6.3.7</span>; by <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>487d</span>, <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>30</span>; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. l.c.; by part., dub. in <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>481c</span> (fort. leg. <b class="b3">θῶμεν</b>); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, <b class="b2">think, deem, suppose</b>, φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν <span class="bibl">Il. 2.37</span>; <b class="b3">φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε</b> <b class="b2">you would say, would think</b>, he was... <span class="bibl">3.220</span>; <b class="b3">ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to say</b> he is (i. e. <b class="b2">fancy</b> himself) equal to me, <span class="bibl">1.187</span>, <span class="bibl">15.167</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν</b> <b class="b2">think</b> not that you see, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.56</span>; <b class="b3">τί φῄς;</b> what <b class="b2">say you?</b> i.e. what <b class="b2">think you?</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.5</span>); λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>349</span>:—so <b class="b3">φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι</b>, <b class="b2">deem</b> it right, <span class="bibl">And.3.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.48</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">say</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">write</b>, of an author, ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Special Phrases: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">φασί</b>, <b class="b2">they say, it is said</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.638</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.42</span>, etc.; parenthetically, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1109a35</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span> 223</span>, etc.: Prose writers use <b class="b3">φησί</b> when quoting, <span class="bibl">D.23.89</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φησίν</b> <b class="b2">saith</b> He, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.16</span>; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>52.39</span>; "<b class="b3">τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη Ὅμηρος</b> as H. <b class="b2">said</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> joined with a synon. Verb, <b class="b3">ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.156</span>, <span class="bibl">6.137</span>, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς <span class="bibl">Id.1.122</span>; <b class="b3">λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.2.22</span>; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; <span class="bibl">D.8.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.100</span>; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>483</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, <b class="b3">ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, <b class="b2">said</b> I, <b class="b2">said</b> S., but the order is sts. inverted, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη</b>, I <b class="b2">said</b>, S. <b class="b2">said</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by <b class="b3">λέγει, εἶπεν</b>, etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>17.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>164e</span>; ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> τί φημί; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1471</span>, and τί φῄς; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>804</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span> 706</span> (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">κυριώτατα φάναι</b>, in parenthesis, strictly <b class="b2">speaking</b>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.374</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω φάναι</b>, = [[ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι]] <b class="b2">practically</b> all, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Vict.Att.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">συνελόντα</b> (v.l. [[-όντι]]) <b class="b3">φάναι</b>, = [[συνελόντι εἰπεῖν]], Id.16.502. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">Οἰδίπουν . . ἂν μόνον φῶ</b> if I only <b class="b2">mention</b> Oedipus, <span class="bibl">Antiph.191.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>411a</span>, <span class="bibl">435a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> like [[κατάφημι]], <b class="b2">say yes, affirm, assert</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ τοὺς φάναι</b> and they <b class="b2">said yes</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.88</span>; καί φημι κἀπόφημι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>317</span>; ἔγωγέ φημι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>526c</span>; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span>: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>442</span>; but <b class="b3">οὔ φημι</b> means <b class="b2">say no, deny, refuse</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν</b> <b class="b2">said</b> she would <b class="b2">not</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.2</span>; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.15</span>, 47 (leg. <b class="b3">-τρέψειν</b>): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>221</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>: abs., <b class="b3">κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ</b> if he <b class="b2">says no</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>555</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ</b> answer me <b class="b2">yes</b> or no, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>; so in answers, <b class="b3">φημί</b> or οὕτως φημί <b class="b2">yes</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>270c</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>500e</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφη</b> he <b class="b2">said no</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118a</span>.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. <b class="b3">φήσω</b> and aor. <b class="b3">ἔφησα</b>, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer <b class="b3">ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων</b> (v. <b class="b3">φάσκω</b>): <b class="b3">φάναι</b> is distd. fr. <b class="b3">φάσκειν</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἔφη σπουδάζειν</b> <b class="b2">he said</b> he was in haste, <b class="b3">ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν</b> <b class="b2">he alleged</b> he was in haste; but <b class="b3">ἔφησθα</b> is found in this sense, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">command, order</b>, ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με <span class="bibl">Lys.16.13</span> (so <b class="b3">ἔφασαν</b>, v. l. for <b class="b3">ἔφρασαν</b> in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.11</span>).</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1268.png Seite 1268]] und [[φάσκω]], <b class="b2">sagen, behaupten</b>; Wurzel φα – , im Sanskrit bhâ, s. Curtius Grundz. d. Griech. Etym. 2. Aufl. S. 967; verwandt [[φήμη]], [[φαίνω]], [[φανερός]], [[φανή]], φάω, [[φάος]], [[φαέθω]], [[φαείνω]], [[πιφαύσκω]], Latein. fari, fama, fabula, fax u. s. w. Die Wurzel φα – hat die Bedeutung des für das Ohr oder für das Auge deutlich machens, also = »leuchten« (Auge) und = »sagen« (Ohr). Formen des Activs von [[φημί]] in Att. Prosa: [[φημί]], φῄς, φησί, φατόν, φατόν, φαμέν, φατέ, φασίν, Alles entlitisch außer φῄς, conj. φῶ, φῇς u. s. w., opt. φαίην u. s. w., imperat. φάθι oder [[φαθί]], φάτώ ἔφην, ἔφησθα oder ἔφης, ἔφη, ἔφατον u. s. w., fut. φήσω, aorist. ἔφησα, adj. verb. [[φατέον]]. Homer: [[φημί]], φῄς und φῇσθα, φησί, φαμέν, φατέ, φασί, φῇ und φήῃ und φῇσι, φαίην, φαίης, φαίη, φαῖμεν, φάς, φάντες, ἔφην und φῆν, ἔφησθα und φῆσθα und φῆς, ἔφη und φῆ, ἔφαμεν (?) und φάμεν, ἔφασαν und φάσαν und [[ἔφαν]] und φάν, φήσει. Das Medium erscheint bei Homer häufig, und naar stets in derselben Bedeutung wie das Activ, ind. φάσθε, imperat φάο, φάσθω, [[φάσθαι]], φάμενος, ἐφάμ ην und φάμην (?), ἔφατο und φάτο, ἔφαντο und φάντο. So auch bei Dichtern nach Homer das Med.; Dorisch φάσομαι, Pind. N. 9, 43. In Att. Prosa vom Med. nur φάμενος, = φάς, Homerische Erinnecung. Vom Passiv in Att. Prosa πεφάσθω, »es soll gesagt sein«. Bei Homer pass. μῦθον πεφασμένον Iliad. 14, 127. In der Bedeutung »behaupten« gebraucht die Att. Prosa namentlich [[φάσκω]] und ἔφασκον, φήσω, ἔφησα, in der Bedeutung »sagen« [[φημί]] und ἔφην, wozu ἐρῶ, [[εἶπον]], εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, ἐῤῥήθην als Tempora gehören, welche Formen in besonderen Artikeln behandelt sind. In Att. Prosa wird [[φάναι]] meistens als inf. imperfecti gebraucht, ἔφη ὁ Περικλῆς, sagte Perikles, indirect [[φάναι]] τὸν Περικλέα, habe Perikles gesagt, während man als int. praes. meistens λέγειν vorzieht, λέγειν τὸν Περικλέα, sage Perikles. – Die Formen ἠμί, ἦν und ἦ s. unter ἠμί; über [[φάσκω]] und [[φατέον]] oben noch besondere Artikel. – 1) <b class="b2">sagen</b>, sprechen, erzählen, Hom. u. Folgde überall, sowohl absolut, als c. accus., φάτο μῦθον, φάτο ἀγγελίην, oft bei Hom., wie ἔπ ος [[φάσθαι]], Il. 9, 100. 11, 788; ψεῦδος [[φάναι]], Etwas für eine Täuschung erklären, Iliad. 2, 81. Auch = <b class="b2">meinen</b>, denken, eigtl. bei sich, in der Seele sagen, wie Iliad. 2, 37 auf τἀ φρονέοντ' ἀνὰ θυμόν – folgt φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν. Iliad. 16, 61 [[ἤτοι]] ἔφην γε οὐ πρὶν μηνιθμὸν καταπαυσέμεν, ich gedachte zu beenden, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ ἔφην γε ἀνεὶ τοῦ διενοήθην. Mehrmals bei Homer φαίης κε statt φαίη τις ἄν oder ἔφη τις ἄν, »es meint wohl Jemand«, oder »es meinte wohl Jemand«, oder »es würde wohl Jemand« έμμεναι, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ φαίης τὴν φαντασίαν ἔχει ὡς πρὸς τῆν Ἑλένην λεγόμενον· [[κατά]] γε [[μέντοι]] Ὁμηρικἡν συνήθειαν [[ἐκληπτέον]] ἐν ἴσῳ τῷ ἔφη τις ἄν, ὡς ἔχει τὸ, »ἔνθ' οὐκ ἂν βρίροντα ἴδοις (Iliad. 4, 223)« ἀντὶ τοῦ [[ἴδοι]] τις ἄν, vgl. Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 3, 392. 4, 223. 429. 14, 58. 15, 697 Odyss. 7, 293. An vielen Srellen bleibt es unentschieden, ob eine wirkliche Rede oder eine innerliche Meinung damit ausgedrückt ist, oder es fällt vielmehr beides zusammen, [[ἶσον]] ἐμοὶ [[φάσθαι]], sich mir gleich zu stellen, Il. 1, 187. 15, 167. So τί φῄς; πῶς φῄς; was meinst du? wie meinst du? als Ausdruck des Erstaunens, vgl. Valck. Eur. Phoen. 923; Soph. O. R. 746 O. C. 536 El. 665 u. sonst; οὐκ οἶδά πω τί φῄς Phil. 576; φράζε δὴ τί φῄς O. R. 655; μὴ φάθι λεύσσειν Theocr. 22, 56; auch in Prosa, z. B. bei Plat. nicht selten. – Häufig wird bes. bei Prosaikern φησί u. φασί parenthetisch eingeschoben, wie unser <b class="b2">sagtman</b>, heißt es, sagt das Sprüchwort, vgl. Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 288 u. Schäf. D. Hal. de C. V. p. 29. – So wird anch nach einem vorangegangenen λέγει oder εἶπεν bei Anführung der eigentlichen Rede völlig pleonastisch φησί oder ἔφη hinzugesetzt, vgl. Heind. Plat. Charm. 164 e; Crat. 408 a; Xen. Mem. 1, 6,4; Jac. A. P. p. 779. Aehnlich ist ἔφη λέγων oder ἔλεγεν φάς verbunden, bes. bei Her., s. 3, 156. 5, 36. 49; doch auch bei den Attikern. – 2) <b class="b2">bejahen</b>, behaupten, zugeben, versichern, absolut mit dem acc., Hom. u. Folgende; dagegen οὔ φημι oder selten φημὶ [[οὐχί]], nein sagen, verneinen, leugnen, οὐκ ἔφα τις θεοὺς βροτῶν ἀξιοῦσθαι μέλειν Aesch. Ag. 1598; οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν Eum. 212; φονέα σέ φημι τἀνδρὸς κυρεῖν Soph. O. R. 362, u. sonst; [[καί]] φημι κ[[ἀπόφημι]] O. C. 318; φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι [[τόδε]] Ant. 438; οὔ φησ' ἐάσειν τόνδε τὸν νεκρὸν ταφῆς ἄμοιρον Ai. 1305; Eur. Hec. 130; οὔ φημι Ar. Ran. 1165; [[φάναι]] (sc. χρή) Πέρσας λέγειν ἀληθέως, man muß zugeben, Her. 3, 35; vgl. 6, 86; [[φάναι]] τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Plat. Theaet. 165 a. In dieser bestimmten Bdtg branchen die Attiker bes. das fut. φήσω und den aor. ἔφησα, während im praes., wenn [[φάναι]] zweideutig sein könnte, lieber φάσκειν gebraucht wird; auch φάμενος, def. οὐ φάμενος, verneinend, leugnend; selten so ἔφη, Xen. An. 1, 6,7. – In der Antwort ist [[φημί]] »ja«, »ja wohl«, Plat. Phaedr. 270 c; ὁ δ' οὐκ ἔφη, er sagte nein, verneinte es, Phaed. 117 e u. oft. - Das α ist kurz, mit Ausnahme von φασίν u. vom partic., φάς, φᾶσα, inf. lang Eubul. bei Ath. I, 8 c, φᾶναι, was jedoch verderbt scheint. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
A φῄς, φηις PCair.Zen.316.1 (iii B. C.), PSI7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; φησί (apocop. φή Anacr.40); pl. φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί; Dor. φᾱμί, φᾱσί or φᾱτί (Ar.Ach.771, Anon. in PSI9.1091.11, 18), 3pl. φαντί; Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph.32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc.Supp.20.6, 3sg. φαῖσι ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. φαῖσι Sapph. Supp.5.2: aor. 2 ἔφην, Ep. φῆν Il.18.326; ἔφησθα 1.397, al., Ar.Lys. 132, X.An.1.6.7, Pl.Cra.438a, Aeschin.3.164, etc. (rarely ἔφης Il.22.280, X.Cyr.4.1.23), Ep. φῆσθα Il.21.186, Od.14.149 (v.l. φῇσθα), φῆς Il.5.473, Od.7.239 (v.l.); ἔφη, Ep. φῆ, Dor. φᾶ Pi.I.2.11; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν Isoc.3.26 (ἔφημεν A.D.Adv.184.7, Gal.1.158, Papp.524.16, Choerob. in Theod.2.341 H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε And.2.25; 3pl. ἔφασαν, Ep. φάσαν Il.2.278, also ἔφᾰν, φάν, 3.161, 6.108; imper. φαθί (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.431, al., A.D.Synt.264.4; φάθι is found in codd. of Pl. Grg.475e, al.); subj. φῶ, φῇς, φῇ, Ep. φῇσιν Od.1.168, φήῃ 11.128, 23.275; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι Tab.Heracl.1.116; opt. φαίην, 1pl. φαῖμεν Il.2.81, 24.222, Pi.N.7.87, 3pl. φαῖεν Th.3.68, etc.; inf. φάναι, Hdt.1.27, etc., poet. φάμεν Pi.N.8.19; part. φάς Il.9.35, Hdt.1.63, 141, SIG279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα Hdt.6.135, pl. φάντες Il.3.44, 14.126, Pl.Alc.2.139b: fut. φήσω, Dor. φασῶ Ar.Ach. 739, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in PSI11.1212.9, Hdt.3.153, PCair.Zen.19.3 (iii B. C.) (ἔφασεν is dub. ib.140.7); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε Pi.N.1.66; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) φάσῃς [ᾱ] Simon.32 (φήσῃς etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε Hdt.6.69, A.Pr.503, part. φήσας X.Mem.3.11.1, Isoc.12.239, inf. φῆσαι Thphr. Char.2.7:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 ἐφάμην, ἔφατο (also SIG437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.343.8 (iii B. C.), PSI4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth.4.5, etc.), Ep. φάτο Il.20.262, φάσθε Od.6.200, 10.562, ἔφαντο, Ep. φάντο 24.460; imper. φάο 16.168, 18.171, φάσθω, φάσθε; inf. φάσθαι; part. φάμενος (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., SIG364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.236.4 (iii B. C.), PHamb.4.14 (i A. D.), J.AJ17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. φάσομαι [ᾱ] Pi.N.9.43:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται A.R.2.500; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω Pl.Ti.72d; but part. πεφασμένος Il.14.127, A.Pr.843 shd. be referred to φαίνω: aor. ἐφάθην (ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist.Int.18b39. The pres. indic. φημί is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. φῄς: φαμέν is 1pl. pres., φάμεν poet. inf.: φαντί is 3pl., φάντι part. II φάσκω supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. ἔφασκον; cf. ἠμί. [ᾰ, except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. φάς, φᾶσα: in inf. φάναι ᾰ always; φᾶναι is corrupt in Eub.119.11 codd. Ath.]:—say, affirm, assert, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν( = -εῖν) φησι IG12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il.8.153; also Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? X.HG3.5.12; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς Ev.Matt.13.28; κατά τινος φ. to speak against him, X.Ap.25: sts. folld. by ὡς, Lys.7.19, v.l. in X. HG6.3.7; by ὅτι, Pl.Grg.487d, Corn.ND30; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. l.c.; by part., dub. in Pl. Grg.481c (fort. leg. θῶμεν); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; Pl.Phd.59c. b since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, think, deem, suppose, φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν Il. 2.37; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was... 3.220; ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι to say he is (i. e. fancy himself) equal to me, 1.187, 15.167; μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν think not that you see, Theoc.22.56; τί φῄς; what say you? i.e. what think you? (v. infr. 11.5); λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς Ar.Pl.349:—so φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι, deem it right, And.3.34, Isoc.3.48. c say, i.e. write, of an author, ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act. II Special Phrases: 1 φασί, they say, it is said, Il.5.638, Od.6.42, etc.; parenthetically, Arist.EN1109a35, Men.Epit. 223, etc.: Prose writers use φησί when quoting, D.23.89, etc.; φησίν saith He, 1 Ep.Cor.6.16; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα Lib.Or.52.39; "τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη Ὅμηρος as H. said, Pl.Prt.315b. 2 joined with a synon. Verb, ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων, Hdt.3.156, 6.137, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122; λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη . . Id.2.22; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; D.8.37, cf. 25.100; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; E.Hel.483. 3 in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, said I, said S., but the order is sts. inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη, I said, S. said. 4 inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by λέγει, εἶπεν, etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη X.Oec.17.10, cf. Pl.Chrm.164e; ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι Lys.13.50. 5 τί φημί; S.OT1471, and τί φῄς; Ph.804, E.Hel. 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations. 6 κυριώτατα φάναι, in parenthesis, strictly speaking, Ph.2.374; ὡς οὕτω φάναι, = ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι practically all, Gal.Vict.Att.9; συνελόντα (v.l. -όντι) φάναι, = συνελόντι εἰπεῖν, Id.16.502. 7 Οἰδίπουν . . ἂν μόνον φῶ if I only mention Oedipus, Antiph.191.6, cf. Pl.Cra.411a, 435a. III like κατάφημι, say yes, affirm, assert, καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt.8.88; καί φημι κἀπόφημι S.OC317; ἔγωγέ φημι Pl. Grg.526c; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Id.Tht.165a: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; S.Ant.442; but οὔ φημι means say no, deny, refuse, c. inf., ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν said she would not... Hdt.1.19, cf. 8.2; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι Lys.13.15, 47 (leg. -τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν A.Eu.221, cf. Hdt.2.63: abs., κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ if he says no, Ar.Av.555 (anap.); ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ answer me yes or no, Pl.Grg.475e; so in answers, φημί or οὕτως φημί yes, Id.Phdr.270c, al., Grg.500e; οὐκ ἔφη he said no, Id.Phd.118a.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. φήσω and aor. ἔφησα, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων (v. φάσκω): φάναι is distd. fr. φάσκειν, e.g. ἔφη σπουδάζειν he said he was in haste, ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν he alleged he was in haste; but ἔφησθα is found in this sense, X.An.1.6.7. IV command, order, ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με Lys.16.13 (so ἔφασαν, v. l. for ἔφρασαν in X.Cyr.4.6.11).
German (Pape)
[Seite 1268] und φάσκω, sagen, behaupten; Wurzel φα – , im Sanskrit bhâ, s. Curtius Grundz. d. Griech. Etym. 2. Aufl. S. 967; verwandt φήμη, φαίνω, φανερός, φανή, φάω, φάος, φαέθω, φαείνω, πιφαύσκω, Latein. fari, fama, fabula, fax u. s. w. Die Wurzel φα – hat die Bedeutung des für das Ohr oder für das Auge deutlich machens, also = »leuchten« (Auge) und = »sagen« (Ohr). Formen des Activs von φημί in Att. Prosa: φημί, φῄς, φησί, φατόν, φατόν, φαμέν, φατέ, φασίν, Alles entlitisch außer φῄς, conj. φῶ, φῇς u. s. w., opt. φαίην u. s. w., imperat. φάθι oder φαθί, φάτώ ἔφην, ἔφησθα oder ἔφης, ἔφη, ἔφατον u. s. w., fut. φήσω, aorist. ἔφησα, adj. verb. φατέον. Homer: φημί, φῄς und φῇσθα, φησί, φαμέν, φατέ, φασί, φῇ und φήῃ und φῇσι, φαίην, φαίης, φαίη, φαῖμεν, φάς, φάντες, ἔφην und φῆν, ἔφησθα und φῆσθα und φῆς, ἔφη und φῆ, ἔφαμεν (?) und φάμεν, ἔφασαν und φάσαν und ἔφαν und φάν, φήσει. Das Medium erscheint bei Homer häufig, und naar stets in derselben Bedeutung wie das Activ, ind. φάσθε, imperat φάο, φάσθω, φάσθαι, φάμενος, ἐφάμ ην und φάμην (?), ἔφατο und φάτο, ἔφαντο und φάντο. So auch bei Dichtern nach Homer das Med.; Dorisch φάσομαι, Pind. N. 9, 43. In Att. Prosa vom Med. nur φάμενος, = φάς, Homerische Erinnecung. Vom Passiv in Att. Prosa πεφάσθω, »es soll gesagt sein«. Bei Homer pass. μῦθον πεφασμένον Iliad. 14, 127. In der Bedeutung »behaupten« gebraucht die Att. Prosa namentlich φάσκω und ἔφασκον, φήσω, ἔφησα, in der Bedeutung »sagen« φημί und ἔφην, wozu ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, ἐῤῥήθην als Tempora gehören, welche Formen in besonderen Artikeln behandelt sind. In Att. Prosa wird φάναι meistens als inf. imperfecti gebraucht, ἔφη ὁ Περικλῆς, sagte Perikles, indirect φάναι τὸν Περικλέα, habe Perikles gesagt, während man als int. praes. meistens λέγειν vorzieht, λέγειν τὸν Περικλέα, sage Perikles. – Die Formen ἠμί, ἦν und ἦ s. unter ἠμί; über φάσκω und φατέον oben noch besondere Artikel. – 1) sagen, sprechen, erzählen, Hom. u. Folgde überall, sowohl absolut, als c. accus., φάτο μῦθον, φάτο ἀγγελίην, oft bei Hom., wie ἔπ ος φάσθαι, Il. 9, 100. 11, 788; ψεῦδος φάναι, Etwas für eine Täuschung erklären, Iliad. 2, 81. Auch = meinen, denken, eigtl. bei sich, in der Seele sagen, wie Iliad. 2, 37 auf τἀ φρονέοντ' ἀνὰ θυμόν – folgt φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν. Iliad. 16, 61 ἤτοι ἔφην γε οὐ πρὶν μηνιθμὸν καταπαυσέμεν, ich gedachte zu beenden, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ ἔφην γε ἀνεὶ τοῦ διενοήθην. Mehrmals bei Homer φαίης κε statt φαίη τις ἄν oder ἔφη τις ἄν, »es meint wohl Jemand«, oder »es meinte wohl Jemand«, oder »es würde wohl Jemand« έμμεναι, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ φαίης τὴν φαντασίαν ἔχει ὡς πρὸς τῆν Ἑλένην λεγόμενον· κατά γε μέντοι Ὁμηρικἡν συνήθειαν ἐκληπτέον ἐν ἴσῳ τῷ ἔφη τις ἄν, ὡς ἔχει τὸ, »ἔνθ' οὐκ ἂν βρίροντα ἴδοις (Iliad. 4, 223)« ἀντὶ τοῦ ἴδοι τις ἄν, vgl. Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 3, 392. 4, 223. 429. 14, 58. 15, 697 Odyss. 7, 293. An vielen Srellen bleibt es unentschieden, ob eine wirkliche Rede oder eine innerliche Meinung damit ausgedrückt ist, oder es fällt vielmehr beides zusammen, ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, sich mir gleich zu stellen, Il. 1, 187. 15, 167. So τί φῄς; πῶς φῄς; was meinst du? wie meinst du? als Ausdruck des Erstaunens, vgl. Valck. Eur. Phoen. 923; Soph. O. R. 746 O. C. 536 El. 665 u. sonst; οὐκ οἶδά πω τί φῄς Phil. 576; φράζε δὴ τί φῄς O. R. 655; μὴ φάθι λεύσσειν Theocr. 22, 56; auch in Prosa, z. B. bei Plat. nicht selten. – Häufig wird bes. bei Prosaikern φησί u. φασί parenthetisch eingeschoben, wie unser sagtman, heißt es, sagt das Sprüchwort, vgl. Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 288 u. Schäf. D. Hal. de C. V. p. 29. – So wird anch nach einem vorangegangenen λέγει oder εἶπεν bei Anführung der eigentlichen Rede völlig pleonastisch φησί oder ἔφη hinzugesetzt, vgl. Heind. Plat. Charm. 164 e; Crat. 408 a; Xen. Mem. 1, 6,4; Jac. A. P. p. 779. Aehnlich ist ἔφη λέγων oder ἔλεγεν φάς verbunden, bes. bei Her., s. 3, 156. 5, 36. 49; doch auch bei den Attikern. – 2) bejahen, behaupten, zugeben, versichern, absolut mit dem acc., Hom. u. Folgende; dagegen οὔ φημι oder selten φημὶ οὐχί, nein sagen, verneinen, leugnen, οὐκ ἔφα τις θεοὺς βροτῶν ἀξιοῦσθαι μέλειν Aesch. Ag. 1598; οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν Eum. 212; φονέα σέ φημι τἀνδρὸς κυρεῖν Soph. O. R. 362, u. sonst; καί φημι κἀπόφημι O. C. 318; φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τόδε Ant. 438; οὔ φησ' ἐάσειν τόνδε τὸν νεκρὸν ταφῆς ἄμοιρον Ai. 1305; Eur. Hec. 130; οὔ φημι Ar. Ran. 1165; φάναι (sc. χρή) Πέρσας λέγειν ἀληθέως, man muß zugeben, Her. 3, 35; vgl. 6, 86; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Plat. Theaet. 165 a. In dieser bestimmten Bdtg branchen die Attiker bes. das fut. φήσω und den aor. ἔφησα, während im praes., wenn φάναι zweideutig sein könnte, lieber φάσκειν gebraucht wird; auch φάμενος, def. οὐ φάμενος, verneinend, leugnend; selten so ἔφη, Xen. An. 1, 6,7. – In der Antwort ist φημί »ja«, »ja wohl«, Plat. Phaedr. 270 c; ὁ δ' οὐκ ἔφη, er sagte nein, verneinte es, Phaed. 117 e u. oft. - Das α ist kurz, mit Ausnahme von φασίν u. vom partic., φάς, φᾶσα, inf. lang Eubul. bei Ath. I, 8 c, φᾶναι, was jedoch verderbt scheint.
