μάραθον

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κάμψαι διαύλου θάτερον κῶλον πάλινbend back along the second turn of the race, turning the bend and coming back for the second leg of the double run, run the homeward course, retrace one's steps

Source
Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: μᾰρᾰθον Medium diacritics: μάραθον Low diacritics: μάραθον Capitals: ΜΑΡΑΘΟΝ
Transliteration A: márathon Transliteration B: marathon Transliteration C: marathon Beta Code: ma/raqon

English (LSJ)

(proparox.), τό,

   A fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, D.18.260, Anaxandr.41.58, Thphr.HP1.12.2, al.: pl., Epich.156, 159:—also μᾰρᾰθ-ος, ὁ, Python 1.13, but ἡ, Lyd.Mag.1.42; of doubtful gender, Hermipp.81, Lycusap.Orib.8.32.4.

German (Pape)

[Seite 94] τό, dor. u. att. = μάραθρον, Fenchel, dor. u. att. Form, Epicharm. bei Ath. II, 71 a u. a. comic. ibd.; Nic. Ther. 33. 392, St, ab. 3, 4, 9.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

μάρᾰθον: [ᾰ], τό, ὡς καὶ νῦν μάραθον ἢ μάλαθρον, Λατ. marathrum, Δημ. 313. 25, Ἀναξανδρ. ἐν «Πρωτ.» 1. 58· - ὡσαύτως μάραθος, ὁ, Ἐπίχ. παρ’ Ἀθην. 70F, Πύθων αὐτόθι 596Α· - ἀμφιβόλου γένους παρ’ Ἑρμίππ. ἐν Ἀδήλ. 2· πρβλ. Μαραθών.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (τό) :
fenouil, plante.
Étymologie: DELG terme indigène emprunté ; myc. ma-ra-tu-wo.

Spanish

hinojo

Greek Monotonic

μάρᾰθον: [ᾰ], τό, το αρωματικό φυτό μάραθο, Λατ. marathrum, σε Δημ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

μάρᾰθον: (μᾰ) τό укроп Dem.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: fennel, Foeniculum vulgare (Epich., D., Thphr.), -ος m. f. (Hermipp.), also (without loss of the ρ) μάραθρον (Alex., hell. pap., Dsc.)
Dialectal forms: Myc. maratuwo \/marathwon\/
Compounds: Compp. εὑ-μάραθος rich in fennel (AP), ἱππο-μάραθ(ρ)ον'Prangos ferulacea' (Diocl. Med., Thphr., Dsc.; διὰ τὸ μέγεθος, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).
Derivatives: μαραθίς, -ίδος f. = ἱππομ. (Ps.-Dsc.), μαραθᾶς m. fenneltrader (Robert Rev. de phil. 70, 52 f.), μαραθίτης οἶνος (Dsc., Gp.; Redard 97), Μαραθών, -ῶνος m. f. (η 80) a. other PN (Tovar Emer. 12, 320).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: As plant-name suspected to be of foreign origin (Schwyzer 61). Explanation from IE by Hesselman Symb. Danielsson 94ff. : to NSwed. mjärd(r)e, OSw. miærdher m. n. fishtrap resp. its funnel-like entrance, PGm. *merdra-, IE *mer(ǝ)-dhro- (cf. βέρεθρον : βάραθρον); further connections in WP. 2, 272, Pok. 733 [?]. The plant was then called after its funnel-like flower; cf. Strömberg Pflanzenn. 50. Doubts by Debrunner IF 51, 209. The Myc. dorm refutes the proposal. Rather a Pre-Greek word (note α-α), cf. Schwyzer 1, 61.

Middle Liddell

μά˘ρᾰθον, ου, τό,
fennel, Lat. marathrum, Dem.

Frisk Etymology German

μάραθον: {márathon}
Forms: -ος m. f. (Hermipp. u. a.), auch (ohne dissim. Wegfall des ρ) μάραθρον (Alex., hell. Pap., Dsk. u. a.)
Grammar: n. (Epich., D., Thphr. u.a.),
Meaning: Fenchel, Foeniculum vulgare.
Composita : Kompp. εὐμάραθος fenchelreich (AP), ἱππομάραθ(ρ)ον’Prangos ferulacea’ (Diokl. Med., Thphr., Dsk. u. a.; διὰ τὸ μέγεθος, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).
Derivative: Davon μαραθίς, -ίδος f. = ἱππομ. (Ps.-Dsk.), μαραθᾶς m. Fenchelhändler (Robert Rev. de phil. 70, 52 f.), μαραθίτης οἶνος (Dsk., Gp.; Redard 97), Μαραθών, -ῶνος m. f. (seit η 80) u. andere ON (Tovar Emer. 12, 320).
Etymology : Als Pflanzenname fremder Herkunft verdächtig (Schwyzer 61). Scharfsinniger und umsichtiger Deutungsversuch aus dem Idg. von Hesselman Symb. Danielsson 94ff. : zu nschwed. mjärd(r)e, aschw. miærdher m. n. ‘Fischreuse bzw. trichter-ähnlicher Eingang derselben’, urg. *merdra-, idg. *mer(ə)-dhro- (vgl. βέρεθρον : βάραθρον); weitere Anknüpfungen bei WP. 2, 272, Pok. 733. Die Pflanze wäre somit nach dem reusenähnlichen Blütenstand benannt; vgl. noch Strömberg Pflanzenn. 50. Zweifel bei Debrunner IF 51, 209.
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