ἔφηβος
English (LSJ)
hyperdor. ἔφαβος, ὁ, (ἥβη)
A ephebe, adolescent, one arrived at adolescence (i. e. the age of 18 years, Poll.8.105, Harp. s.v. ἐπιδιετές; in Persia 16 or 17 years, X.Cyr.1.2.8), Lycurg.76, Arist.Ath.42.2, IG22.1156, al., SIG959.12 (Chios), etc.; εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους ἐγγραφῆναι Pl.Ax.366e; ἐξ ἐφήβων ἐστὶ καὶ ἤδη εἴκοσι ἐτῶν Teles p.50 H.: generally, boy, καλός ἐστιν ἔ. ὁ σός PLit.Lond.52.
2 young girl, Hsch.
II kind of cup, Steph.Com.1.5, Philem.Lex. ap. Ath.11.469a.
III throw of the dice, AP7.427.5 (Antip. Sid.).
IV a woman's shoe, Herod.7.61.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1116] ὁ, dor. ἔφαβος, Theocr. 23, 1, der die ἥβη, das Alter der Mannbarkeit, erreicht hat. In Athen wurde der Jüngling mit dem 18. Jahre, das Mädchen mit dem 14. so genannt, vgl. Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 8 u. oben ἐπιδιετές; εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους εἰσελθεῖν, ἐξέρχεσθαι, ibd. 1, 5, 1; εἰς ἐφήβους ἐγγραφῆναι Plat. Ax. 366 e, denn mit dem Eintritt in dies Alter wurde man unter die Bürger aufgenommen u. nach vorangegangener δοκιμασία in das ληξιαρχικόν eingetragen; vgl. Herm. §. 123; ἐξ ἐφήβων γίγνεσθαι, aus dem Jünglingsalter treten, Luc. Iup. trag. 26; Plut. u. A. – Als fem. nur VLL. u. Sp. – Bei Ath. XI, 469 a u. Schol. Ar. Vesp. 851 eine Art Trinkgeschirr, vgl. ἡβάω. – Bei Antp. Sid. 93 (VII, 427) ein Wurf im Würfelspiel.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἔφηβος: Δωρ. ἔφᾱβος, ὁ, ὁ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν ἐφηβικὴν ἡλικίαν, ἀπὸ δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἐτῶν μέχρι τοῦ εἰκοστοῦ, «καὶ εἰς μὲν τοὺς ἐφήβους εἰσῄεσαν ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἔτη γενόμενοι» Πολυδ. Η΄, 105, Ἁρποκρ. ἐν λ. ἐπιδιετές· (ὁ Ξεν. ἐν Κύρ. 1. 2, 8 θέτει τὴν ἡλικίαν ταύτην μετὰ τὸ 16ον ἢ 17ον ἔτος διὰ τοὺς Πέρσας: μέχρι μὲν δὴ ἕξ ἢ ἑπτακαίδεκα ἐτῶν ἀπὸ γενεᾶς οἱ παῖδες ταῦτα πράττουσιν, ἐκ δὲ τούτου εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους ἐξέρχονται)· ἅμα εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν ἡλικίαν ταύτην ὁ Ἀθηναῖος νεανίας ὑφίστατο τὴν δοκιμασίαν καὶ ἐνεγράφετο ὡς πολίτης εἰς τὸ ληξιαρχικὸν γραμματεῖον τοῦ δήμου αὑτοῦ, Λυκοῦργ. 157. 18, Ἀριστ. Ἀθην. Πολιτ. κεφ. 42., 76. 1· δοκιμασία ἐφήβων ὁ αὐτ. 60. 12 κἑξ., ἴδε Böckh de Eph. Att. (1819), Λεξικ. Ἀρχαιοτ. (κατὰ τὸν Πολυδ. καὶ Ἁρποκρ. ἡ ἐγγραφὴ ἐν ληξιαρχικῷ γραμματείῳ ἐγίνετο μετὰ δύο ἔτη, δηλ. εἰς τὸ 20ὸν ἔτος) πρβλ. περίπολος. 2) ἐπὶ παρθένου, Βασίλ., Ἡσύχ., Φώτ. ΙΙ. εἶδος ποτηρίου, Ἀθήν. 469Α. ΙΙΙ. βόλος τις τῶν κύβων, Ἀνθ. Π. 7. 427.
French (Bailly abrégé)
Greek Monolingual
ο, η (ΑΜ ἔφηβος, ὁ, Α δωρ. τ. ἔφαβος)
αυτός (ή αυτή) που βρίσκεται στην εφηβική ηλικία, στην ήβη (περίπου από 18 μέχρι 21 ετών), ο νέος (ή η νέα) («ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῶν ἐφήβων», Αριστοτ.)
αρχ.
1. φρ. «εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους ἐγγραφῆναι» — να γραφούν στα ληξιαρχικά βιβλία τών εφήβων (Πλάτ.)
2. πάπ. παιδί («καλός ἐστιν ἔφηβος ὁ σός»)
3. νέα κοπέλα («τῷ ὀνόματι τῆς γυναικός καὶ ἡ ἔφηβος παρθένος δηλοῦται», Βασ.)
4. είδος ποτηριού
5. είδος γυναικείου υποδήματος.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < επί + -ηβος (< ἥβη), πρβλ. άνηβος, πρόσηβος].
Greek Monotonic
ἔφηβος: Δωρ. ἔφ-ᾱβος, ὁ,
I. αυτός που φθάνει στην εφηβεία (ἥβη), νέος δεκαοκτώ χρόνων, ηλικία στην οποία οι Αθηναίοι νέοι υποβάλλονταν στη δοκιμασίαν και θεωρούνταν πλέον ως καταγεγραμμένοι πολίτες στο ληξιαρχικό γραμματείο του δήμου, σε Ξεν. κ.λπ.
II. ρίξιμο ζαριών, σε Ανθ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἔφηβος: дор. ἔφᾱβος ὁ
1) эфеб, юноша, достигший возмужалости, подросток (с 16, в Афинах с 18 лет, между παῖς и νέος; достигнув этого возраста, он подвергался докимасии (см. δοκιμασία), записывался как совершеннолетний и полноправный гражданин в ληξιαρχικόν своего дема и привлекался к περίπολος, т. е. к военной службе в пограничных отрядах, отбывая ее до 20-летнего возраста) Arst., Plut.: εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους εἰσέρχεσθαι Xen. вступить в число эфебов; εἰς ἐφήβους ἐγγράφεσθαι Plat. быть записанным в число эфебов; ἐξ ἐφήβων γίγνεσθαι Luc. выйти из юношеского возраста;
2) «эфеб» (бросок в игре в кости) Anth.
Middle Liddell
I. one arrived at puberty (ἥβἠ a youth of 18 years when the Athen. youth underwent his δοκιμασία and was registered as a citizen, Xen., etc.
II. a throw on the dice, Anth.
English (Woodhouse)
Wikipedia EN
Ephebe /ɛˈfiːb/ (from the Greek ephebos ἔφηβος (plural: epheboi ἔφηβοι), anglicised as ephebe (plural: ephebes), or Latinate ephebus (plural: ephebi) is the term for an adolescent male. In ancient Greek society and mythology, an ephebos was a boy, aged 17–18, who went through a period of initiation that included military training.
Though the word can simply refer to the adolescent age of young men of training age, its main use is for the members, exclusively from that age group, of an official institution (ephebeia) that saw to building them into citizens, but especially training them as soldiers, sometimes already sent into the field; the Greek city state (polis) mainly depended, as the Roman republic before Gaius Marius' reform, on its militia of citizens for defense.
In the time of Aristotle the names of the enrolled ephebi were engraved on a bronze pillar (formerly on wooden tablets) in front of the council-chamber. After admission to the college, the ephebus took the oath of allegiance, recorded in histories by Pollux and Stobaeus (but not in Aristotle), in the temple of Aglaurus, and was sent to Munichia or Acte to form one of the garrison. At the end of the first year of training, the ephebi were reviewed, and, if their performance was satisfactory, were provided by the state with a spear and a shield, which, together with the chlamys (cloak) and petasos (broad-brimmed hat), made up their equipment. In their second year they were transferred to other garrisons in Attica, patrolled the frontiers, and on occasion took an active part in war. During these two years they were free from taxation, and were generally not allowed to appear in the law courts as plaintiffs or defendants. The ephebi took part in some of the most important Athenian festivals. Thus during the Eleusinian Mysteries they were sent to fetch the sacred objects from Eleusis and to escort the image of Iacchus on the sacred way. They also performed police duty at the meetings of the ecclesia.
After the end of the 4th century BC, the institution underwent a radical change. Enrolment ceased to be obligatory, lasted only for a year, and the limit of age was dispensed with. Inscriptions attest a continually decreasing number of ephebi, and with the admission of foreigners the college lost its representative national character. This was mainly due to the weakening of the military spirit and the progress of intellectual culture. The military element was no longer all-important, and the ephebia became a sort of university for well-to-do young men of good family, whose social position has been compared with that of the Athenian "knights" of earlier times. The institution lasted till the end of the 3rd century AD.
In regards to Greek mythology, the ephebe was a young man or initiate, around the ages of 17 to 20, who was put through a period of isolation from his prior community, usually the world of his mother, where he was a child in the community. The ephebe would need to hunt, rely on his senses, on aggression, stealth, and trickery to survive. At the end of the initiation, the ephebe was reincorporated back into society as a man. The idea was that if the community was ever threatened, its men would have these skills needed to protect it.
Translations
be: эфеб; ca: efeb; da: efeber; de: Ephebe; el: έφηβος; en: ephebos; es: efebo; eu: efebo; fi: efebi; fr: éphèbe; gl: efebo; hu: ephébosz; it: efebo; kk: эфебия; nl: efebe; no: efebos; oc: efèb; pl: efeb; ro: efeb; ru: эфеб; sq: efebia; sv: efeb; uk: ефеб; uz: efebiya