ὄρχαμος
English (LSJ)
ὁ, leader, chief, early Ep. only in the phrases ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν Il.2.837, al., Hes.Fr.96.12, ὄρχαμε λαῶν Il.14.102, al.; the former applied to the swineherd Eumaeus, Od.14.22,121, and the cowherd Philoetius, 20.185,254.—Ep. word, used once by A., ὄρχαμος στρατοῦ Pers.129(lyr.); ὄρχαμε τ[όξου] IG12.516: in late Poetry without a gen., AP11.284 (Pall.).
German (Pape)
[Seite 389] (verwandt mit ἄρχομαι, od. von ἔρχομαι?), der Vorangehende, der Erste, gew. ὄρχ. ἀνδρῶν u. ὄρχαμος λαῶν, von den Heerführern, oft in der Il., aber auch der Sauhirt Eumaios heißt ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, Od. oft, wie der Rinderhirt Philoitios, 20, 185. – Der Anführer, στρατοῦ, Aesch. Pers. 127; einzeln bei Sp. auch = κορυφαῖος, der Chorführer.
French (Bailly abrégé)
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὄρχᾰμος: ὁ ἄρχω предводитель, вождь (ἀνδρῶν, λαῶν Hom.; στρατοῦ Aesch.): ὄ. ἀνδρῶν Hom. лучший из мужей или главный пастух (о свинопасе Эвмее и пастухе Филетии).
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ὄρχαμος: ὁ, (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.), ὁ πρῶτος σειρᾶς τινος, ἀρχός, ὁ ἀρχηγός· ἐντεῦθεν καθόλου, ὁ πρῶτος, παρ’ Ὁμ. καὶ Ἡσ. ἀείποτε ἀρσ., καὶ μόνον ἐν ταῖς φράσεσιν: ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ὄρχαμε λαῶν· ― ὧν ἡ πρώτη λέγεται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ συβώτου Εὐμαίου, Ὀδ. Ξ. 22, κτλ.· ― καὶ τοῦ βουκόλου Φιλοιτίου, Υ. 185. ― Ἐπικ. λέξ. ἅπαξ παρ’ Αἰσχύλ., ὄρχ. στρατοῦ Πέρσ. 129. (Πιθ. ἐκ τοῦ ὄρχος, σειρὰ δένδρων· ὁ Κούρτ. καὶ ἕτεροι ἀναφέρουσι τὴν λέξ. εἰς τὴν √ΑΡΧ, ἄρχω· πρβλ. ὄγκος, ἄγκος.)
English (Autenrieth)
(ἄρχω): the first of a row, leader, chief; always w. ἀνδρῶν or λᾶῶν, said of heroes, and of Eumaeus and Philoetius, Od. 14.22, Od. 20.185.
Greek Monotonic
ὄρχᾰμος: ὁ (ὄρχος), ο πρώτος μιας σειράς, ηγέτης μιας ομάδας· έπειτα, γενικά, ηγέτης, αρχηγός, σε Όμηρ., Ησίοδ.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: in Hom. only in the formula ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ἄρχαμε λαῶν, later ὄ. στρατοῦ (A. Pers. 129 [lyr.]).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
Etymology: Etymology and meaning debated. Of old (s. Curtius 189f.) often as leader derived from ἄρχω w. superlat. μο-suffix; the ο-vowel, if not from ablaut (e.g. ὄγμος : ἄγω), can be Aeolic (Kretschmer KZ 36, 268, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 226). Diff. Bechtel BB 30, 270 a. Lex. s.v. (agreeing a.o. Specht Ursprung 252 a. 255, Fraenkel KZ 72, 195): like ἔρκος Αχαιῶν as "protecting wall (of the men)" to ὄρχατος a. cogn. (s. ὄρχος). Still diff. (to ὄρχος row) Wright ClassRev. 29, 111 f. - Furnée 342 thinks that ἀ-/ὀ- (in ἄρχω) points to a Pre-Greek word.
Middle Liddell
ὄρχᾰμος, ὁ, ὄρχος
the first of a row, a file-leader: then, generally, a leader, chief, Hom., Hes.
Frisk Etymology German
ὄρχαμος: {órkhamos}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: bei Hom. nur in den formelhaften ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ἄρχαμε λαῶν, später ὄ. στρατοῦ (A. Pers. 129 [lyr.]) u.a.
Etymology : Etymologie und Bed. strittig. Seit alters (s. Curtius 189f.) oft als Anführer zu ἄρχω gezogen m. superlat. μο-Suffix; der ο-Vokal, wenn nicht ablautlich bedingt (z. B. ὄγμος : ἄγω). kann äolisch sein (Kretschmer KZ 36, 268, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 226). Anders Bechtel BB 30, 270 u. Lex. s.v. (zustimmend u.a. Specht Ursprung 252 u. 255, Fraenkel KZ 72, 195) : wie ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν eig. als "schützender Zaun (der Männer)" zu ὄρχατος u. Verw. (s. ὄρχος). Noch anders (zu ὄρχος Reihe) Wright ClassRev. 29, 111 f.
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Translations
chief
Albanian: prijës, pringj; Apache Western Apache: nantʼán; Arabic: شَيْخ, قَائِد; Armenian: առաջնորդ; Belarusian: правадыр, галоўны, водца, важак; Bulgarian: вожд, главатар, водач; Catalan: cap; Central Sierra Miwok: hajá·po-, má·jyŋy-; Cherokee: ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ; Chichewa: mfumu; Chickasaw: minko'; Chinese Mandarin: 頭子, 头子; Czech: náčelník, šéf; Estonian: pealik; Finnish: johtaja; French: chef; Friulian: cjâf, dûs; Galician: xefe, caporal, coudel, bren; German: Häuptling, Oberhaupt; Greek: αρχηγός; Ancient Greek: προστάτης, ὄρχαμος; Hindi: चीफ, प्रधान, श्रेष्ठ, मुख्य, शेख, मालिक, मालक, सरदार; Icelandic: höfðingi, foringi, leiðtogi; Ido: chefo; Italian: capo; Japanese: 長, チーフ; Khmer: មេ; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: serok; Kyrgyz: башчы; Ladino: kapo, kapu, shef, el gadol; Lakota: itȟáŋčhaŋ, wičháša itȟáŋčhaŋ; Latin: princeps, praepositus; Macedonian: главатар, поглавар, главешина, старешина, водач; Malayalam: തലവൻ, നേതാവ്; Mansaka: dato; Manx: ard-er, ard-ghooinney; Maori: rangatira, poumatua, ariki, ringawhero; Mi'kmaq: saqamaw anim, saqama'sgw anim; Munsee: kíhkay; Navajo: naatʼáanii; Ngarrindjeri: rupelli; Norman: chef; Norwegian Bokmål: høvding; Nynorsk: høvding; Occitan: cap; Ojibwe: ogimaa; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: вождь; Old East Slavic: вожь; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰏; Ottawa: gimaa; Pashto: ملک; Polish: wódz; Portuguese: chefe, líder; Rapa Nui: 'ariki; Romanian: căpetenie, șef; Russian: вождь, главный; Samoan: matai; Sanskrit: शिरस्; Scottish Gaelic: ceannard; Serbo-Croatian: poglavar, poglavica, vođa, glàvār; Slovak: náčelník, šéf; Slovene: glavar; Spanish: jefe; Swahili: chifu, jumbe; Swedish: hövding, ledare; Tagalog: puno; Talysh Asalemi: رئیس, رییس; Tamil: தலைவன்; Taos: łòwa'ána, tə̀ot'ų́nena; Tocharian B: tāś; Tok Pisin: bigman; Ukrainian: вождь, головний, проводир; Westrobothnian: ö´fwĕrhējt; Zulu: inkosi