σφήν
Δέσποινα γὰρ γέροντι νυμφίῳ γυνή → Mulier fit domina sponso, simulac senuerit → Die Frau beherrscht, sobald er alt, den Bräutigam
English (LSJ)
σφηνός, ὁ,
A wedge, Ar.Ra.801, A.R.1.1204, Arist.Mech.853a19, PCair.Zen.759.2 (iii B.C.), etc.; used as an instrument of torture, A.Pr.64, Plu.2.498d, LXX 4 Ma.8.13, al. [σφην- prob. from σφᾱν-, cf. σφάνιον and v. sub σφηνόπους.]
German (Pape)
[Seite 1050] σφηνός, ὁ, der Keil, Aesch. Prom. 64; – alles Keilförmige, Ar. Ran. 800; Nicom. arithm. 2, 16 führt τεκτονικ οί, οἰκοδομικοί, χαλκευτικοί an, u. erkl. sie ausführlicher; auch ein Marterwerkzeug, Plut. an vit. suff. 2.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
σφήν: σφηνός, ὁ, ἡ «σφήνα», Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 801, κλπ.· ― ἐν χρήσει ὡς ὄργανον βασανιστικόν, Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 64, Πλούτ. 2. 498D, Ἰωσήπ. Μακκ. 8. 13, κ. ἀλλ.
French (Bailly abrégé)
σφηνός (ὁ) :
coin :
1 instrument de travail;
2 instrument de torture.
Étymologie: DELG étym. obscure.
Greek Monolingual
-ηνός, ὁ, ΜΑ
βλ. σφήνα.
Greek Monotonic
σφήν: σφηνός, ὁ, πάσσαλος, σφήνα, σε Αριστοφ. κ.λπ., που χρησιμοποιείται ως όργανο βασανισμού, σε Αισχύλ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
σφήν: σφηνός ὁ клин
1) измерительный прибор Arph.;
2) орудие пытки Aesch., Plut.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
σφήν -ηνός, ὁ wig.
Frisk Etymological English
σφηνός
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: wedge (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).
Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, -ποδος with wedge-shaped feet (κλίνη; Ceos Va; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος wedge-shaped (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν counter-wedge (Ph. Bel.).
Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), -άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain -ίς, -ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. side-wedge (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. -όομαι, -όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in) (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις (ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. the wedging in (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. wedge-shaped block (pap. IIp).
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφάν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for chip in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. *spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. slice, kind of oar etc. (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.
Middle Liddell
σφήν, σφηνός, οῦ, ὁ,
a wedge, Ar., etc.;—used as an instrument of torture, Aesch.
