κατάχρησις
ἐν μὲν γὰρ εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς πράγμασιν αἵ τε πόλεις καὶ οἱ ἰδιῶται ἀμείνους τὰς γνώμας ἔχουσι διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ἀκουσίους ἀνάγκας πίπτειν → in peace and prosperity states and individuals have better sentiments, because they do not find themselves suddenly confronted with imperious necessities
English (LSJ)
-εως, ἡ,
A excessive use or consumption, PTeb.61 (b).305 (ii B.C.), Gal.19.679.
II analogical application of a word (e.g. γόνυ καλάμου, ὀφθαλμὸς ἀμπέλου), Arist. ap. Cic.Orat.27.94, Demetr.Lac. Herc.1014.49, D.H.Comp.3 (pl.), Quint.8.6.34, Sch.D.T.p.459 H., etc.: pl., Suid. s.v. Γοργίας; ἐκ καταχρήσεως Gal.6.136.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1392] ἡ, Mißbrauch, unrechter Gebrauch, Sp.; bes. Gebrauch eines Wortes in uneigentlicher Bedeutung, Rhett.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κατάχρησις: -εως, ἡ, πλήρης χρῆσις, ἡ τῶν ἄλλων φαρμάκων κ. Γαλην. 19. 679. ΙΙ. κακὴ χρῆσις λέξεως (ἀκυρολογία), Ἀριστ. παρὰ Κικ. Orat. 27, Rhett.· πρβλ. καταχράομαι ΙΙ. 2. ΙΙΙ. ὑποχρέωσις, χρέος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 4342. 21 (?).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κατάχρησις: εως ἡ катахрес, катахресис, употребление слова в неправильном или несобственном смысле Arst. ap. Cic., Plut. (напр., ἱππεύειν ἐπ᾽ ὄνου Luc.).
Wikipedia EN
Catachresis (from Greek κατάχρησις, "abuse"), originally meaning a semantic misuse or error—e.g., using "militate" for "mitigate", "chronic" for "severe", "travesty" for "tragedy", "anachronism" for "anomaly", "alibi" for "excuse", etc.—is also the name given to many different types of figures of speech in which a word or phrase is being applied in a way that significantly departs from conventional (or traditional) usage.
Translations
Finnish: väärä käyttö, katakreesi; French: catachrèse; German: Katachrese; Italian: catacresi; Norwegian: katakrese; Occitan: catacrèsi; Portuguese: catacrese; Russian: катахреза; Spanish: catacresis, impropiedad léxica; Swedish: katakres
