κατάχρησις
Ἑκὼν σεαυτὸν τῇ Κλωθοῖ συνεπιδίδου παρέχων συννῆσαι οἷστισί ποτε πράγμασι βούλεται. Πᾶν ἐφήμερον, καὶ τὸ μνημονεῦον καὶ τὸ μνημονευόμενον → Be willing to give yourself up to Clotho, letting her spin to whatever ends she pleases. All is ephemeral—both memory and the object of memory (Marcus Aurelius 4.34f.)
English (LSJ)
-εως, ἡ,
A excessive use or consumption, PTeb.61 (b).305 (ii B.C.), Gal.19.679.
II analogical application of a word (e.g. γόνυ καλάμου, ὀφθαλμὸς ἀμπέλου), Arist. ap. Cic.Orat.27.94, Demetr.Lac. Herc.1014.49, D.H.Comp.3 (pl.), Quint.8.6.34, Sch.D.T.p.459 H., etc.: pl., Suid. s.v. Γοργίας; ἐκ καταχρήσεως Gal.6.136.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1392] ἡ, Mißbrauch, unrechter Gebrauch, Sp.; bes. Gebrauch eines Wortes in uneigentlicher Bedeutung, Rhett.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κατάχρησις: -εως, ἡ, πλήρης χρῆσις, ἡ τῶν ἄλλων φαρμάκων κ. Γαλην. 19. 679. ΙΙ. κακὴ χρῆσις λέξεως (ἀκυρολογία), Ἀριστ. παρὰ Κικ. Orat. 27, Rhett.· πρβλ. καταχράομαι ΙΙ. 2. ΙΙΙ. ὑποχρέωσις, χρέος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 4342. 21 (?).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κατάχρησις: εως ἡ катахрес, катахресис, употребление слова в неправильном или несобственном смысле Arst. ap. Cic., Plut. (напр., ἱππεύειν ἐπ᾽ ὄνου Luc.).
Wikipedia EN
Catachresis (from Greek κατάχρησις, "abuse"), originally meaning a semantic misuse or error—e.g., using "militate" for "mitigate", "chronic" for "severe", "travesty" for "tragedy", "anachronism" for "anomaly", "alibi" for "excuse", etc.—is also the name given to many different types of figures of speech in which a word or phrase is being applied in a way that significantly departs from conventional (or traditional) usage.
Translations
Finnish: väärä käyttö, katakreesi; French: catachrèse; German: Katachrese; Italian: catacresi; Norwegian: katakrese; Occitan: catacrèsi; Portuguese: catacrese; Russian: катахреза; Spanish: catacresis, impropiedad léxica; Swedish: katakres
