Κέρβερος: Difference between revisions
ὁδὸς ἄνω κάτω μία καὶ ὡυτή → the road up and the road down is one and the same, the upward path and the downward path are the same
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|elrutext='''Κέρβερος:''' ὁ Кербер (сын Тифаона и Эхидны, трехглавый - по друг., пятидесятиглавый - и змеехвостый пес, страж подземного царства) Hes., Xen. etc. | |elrutext='''Κέρβερος:''' ὁ Кербер (сын Тифаона и Эхидны, трехглавый - по друг., пятидесятиглавый - и змеехвостый пес, страж подземного царства) Hes., Xen. etc. | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">name of the dog that guarded hell</b> (Hes. 311, where he has fifty heads). -<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: No etym. Since long connected with Skt. <b class="b2">karbara-</b>, <b class="b2">śárvara-</b> [[spotted]], as adj. <b class="b2">śabála-</b> of the two dogs of the lower world (RV. 10, 14, 10). Doubted by Mayrhofer KEWA s. <b class="b2">karbaraḥ</b>, where for the Skt. word, after Kuiper, Austro-Asiatic origin is considered (s. also III 297). So it has nothing to do with the Greek word. - After Pisani Riv. degli studi or. 18, 91f. <b class="b3">Κέρβερος</b> and <b class="b2">śabála-</b> are of Mediterranean origin. (Von Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 314 n. considers <b class="b3">Κέρβερος</b> as the creation of a poet; "man hört in ihm das Knurren eines bissigen Köters", which nobody accepted.) The old connection in Pok. 578. Lincoln (JIES 7, 1979, 273-285) follows Schlerath, who showed that there were two hellhounds in the IE conception; this is most clear in Armenian, where Spitak [[white]] is the dog of life, Siaw [[black]] the dog of death. He ends with unfounded speculations. He may come from the East, but we have no evidence. He may as well be Pre-Greek, but I see no indication for it. | |||
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Revision as of 23:37, 2 January 2019
English (LSJ)
ὁ, Cerberus, the many-headed dog of Hades, Hes.Th. 311, etc. II name of a bird, Ant.Lib.19.3.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
Κέρβερος: ὁ, ὁ πεντηκοντακέφαλος κύων τοῦ Ἅιδου, ὅστις ἐφύλαττε τὰς πύλας τοῦ κάτω κόσμου, Ἡσ. Θ. 311· βραδύτερον ἐλέγετο ὅτι ἦτο τρικέφαλος ἢ τρισώματος, τὸν τρισώματον κύνα Εὐρ. Ἡρ. Μαιν. 34· θῆρα... τὸν τρίκανον αὐτόθι 611, πρβλ. Ἀπολλόδ. 2. 5, 12, κτλ.· ὁ κύων τοῦ Ἅιδου μνημονεύεται ἐν Ἰλ. Θ. 368, Ὀδ. Λ. 623, ἀλλ’ ἄνευ ὀνόματός τινος ἢ περιγραφῆς. ― Κατὰ τὸν Ἡσ. ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ., ὁ Κέρβερος ἐγεννήθη ἐκ τοῦ Τυφωέως καὶ τῆς Ἐχίδνης· τὸ δὲ ὄνομα φαίνεται ὅτι σημαίνει «σκοτεινὸς» καὶ ἴσως εἶναι συγγενὲς τῷ Κιμμέριοι· πρβλ. Κερβέριοι.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
Cerbère, chien à trois têtes qui gardait l’entrée des enfers.
Étymologie: DELG emprunt méditerranéen.
English (Slater)
Κέρβερος hundred headed dog of the underworld. test., Σ Hom., Θ 368: Πίνδαρος μὲν οὖν ἑκατόν, Ἡσίοδος δὲ πεντήκοντα ἔχειν αὐτὸν (= Κέρβερον) κεφαλάς φησιν fr. 249b ad Δ. 2. v. fr. 249a ad Δ. 2, cf. titulum.
Greek Monotonic
Κέρβερος: ὁ, ο Κέρβερος, ο σκύλος του Άδη με τα σαράντα κεφάλια, που φρουρούσε την πύλη του Κάτω Κόσμου, σε Ησίοδ.· έπειτα, θεωρείτο ότι είχε τρία κεφάλια και σώματα, σε Ευρ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
Κέρβερος: ὁ Кербер (сын Тифаона и Эхидны, трехглавый - по друг., пятидесятиглавый - и змеехвостый пес, страж подземного царства) Hes., Xen. etc.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: name of the dog that guarded hell (Hes. 311, where he has fifty heads). -
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
Etymology: No etym. Since long connected with Skt. karbara-, śárvara- spotted, as adj. śabála- of the two dogs of the lower world (RV. 10, 14, 10). Doubted by Mayrhofer KEWA s. karbaraḥ, where for the Skt. word, after Kuiper, Austro-Asiatic origin is considered (s. also III 297). So it has nothing to do with the Greek word. - After Pisani Riv. degli studi or. 18, 91f. Κέρβερος and śabála- are of Mediterranean origin. (Von Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 314 n. considers Κέρβερος as the creation of a poet; "man hört in ihm das Knurren eines bissigen Köters", which nobody accepted.) The old connection in Pok. 578. Lincoln (JIES 7, 1979, 273-285) follows Schlerath, who showed that there were two hellhounds in the IE conception; this is most clear in Armenian, where Spitak white is the dog of life, Siaw black the dog of death. He ends with unfounded speculations. He may come from the East, but we have no evidence. He may as well be Pre-Greek, but I see no indication for it.
