scutum: Difference between revisions
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|lnetxt=scutum scuti N N :: shield; (heavy shield of Roman legion infantry) | |||
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|wketx=The scutum (English: /ˈskuːtəm/ SKOO-təm, Classical Latin: [ˈskuːtũː]; plural scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, and then by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples. In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum, which was a larger shield. Originally it was an oblong and convex shield. By the first century BC it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only shield the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shields were used throughout Roman history. | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>scūtum</b>: i, n. (<br /><b>I</b> masc. collat. form | |lshtext=<b>scūtum</b>: i, n. (<br /><b>I</b> masc. collat. form scūtus, Turp. ap. Non. 226, 13) [[σκῦτος]].<br /><b>I</b> An [[oblong]] [[shield]], made of boards fastened [[together]], and [[covered]] [[with]] [[leather]], a [[buckler]] ([[whereas]] [[clipeus]] denotes a [[round]] [[shield]], [[target]] of [[metal]]; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 18): [[scutum]] pro [[clipeo]], Liv. 1, 43: pedestre, of the [[infantry]], Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 14; 9, 13, 16; Liv. 6, 8; 7, 10: equestria, of the [[cavalry]], id. 43, 6: ad galeas induendas scutisque tegimenta detrahenda [[tempus]] defuit, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, id. ib. 2, 33: sublato scuto, id. B. C. 2, 35: abjecto scuto fugere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54: ut non [[modo]] non abjecto, sed ne rejecto [[quidem]] scuto fugere videar, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: [[scutum]] reliquisse praecipuum [[flagitium]], Tac. G. 6: hastas et [[scuta]] reclinant, Verg. A. 12, 130: fulgentia, id. ib. 8, 93: longa, id. ib. 8, 539; Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 73; Liv. 7, 26; 38, 17: erectum altius, Amm. 24, 4, 4.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., heavyarmed soldiers, men [[bearing]] shields ([[late]] Lat.): [[oppidum]], ordine circumdatum trino scutorum, oppugnabat, Amm. 24, 4, 10: Agilo, scutorum densitate [[contectus]], id. 21, 12, 18 al.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., a [[shield]], i. e. a [[defence]], [[protection]], sheiter, safeguard ([[rare]]): sed ne [[quod]] [[tamen]] [[scutum]] [[dare]] in judicio viderentur eis, quos, etc., Cic. Tull. 18, 43: scuto [[vobis]] [[magis]] [[quam]] gladio [[opus]] est, Liv. 3, 53 fin. (for [[which]], [[just]] [[before]]: praesidia libertatis non licentiae ad impugnandos alios): [[Fabius]] novam de Hannibale victoriam [[commentus]] est, non pugnare. Hinc illud ex [[populo]], ut Imperii [[scutum]] vocaretur, Flor. 2, 6, 27; cf.: Deus, [[scutum]] [[meum]], Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 3: [[scutum]] fidei, id. Eph. 6, 16. | ||
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[[File:Ag-obj-5959-001-pub-large.jpg|thumb|Scutum found at Dura Europos]] | |||
{{Gaffiot | {{Gaffiot | ||
|gf=<b>scūtum</b>,⁹ ī, n. ([[σκῦτος]]), bouclier [ovale et convexe, puis long et creux, c. une tuile faîtière] : Cæs. G. 2, 21, 5 ; 2, 33, etc.; Liv. 1, 43, 4 || [fig.] = défense : Cic. Tull. 43 ; Liv. 3, 53, 9. | |gf=<b>scūtum</b>,⁹ ī, n. ([[σκῦτος]]), bouclier [ovale et convexe, puis long et creux, c. une tuile faîtière] : Cæs. G. 2, 21, 5 ; 2, 33, etc.; Liv. 1, 43, 4 || [fig.] = défense : Cic. Tull. 43 ; Liv. 3, 53, 9. | ||
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{{Georges | {{Georges | ||
|georg=scūtum, ī, n. (v. [[σκῦτος]], [[Leder]]), der große (1<sup>1</sup>/< | |georg=scūtum, ī, n. (v. [[σκῦτος]], [[Leder]]), der große (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> m [[lange]] und <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> m breite), den ganzen [[Mann]] deckende [[länglich]] viereckige [[Schild]] [[des]] röm. schweren Fußvolkes, der [[Langschild]], griech. [[θυρεός]] (bestehend aus [[zwei]] zusammengeleimten Brettern, [[erst]] [[mit]] [[Leinwand]] u. [[dann]] [[darüber]] [[mit]] [[Rindshaut]] überzogen, am Rande [[mit]] [[Eisen]] [[beschlagen]], in der [[Mitte]] [[nach]] [[außen]] [[mit]] einem eisernen [[Buckel]] [[versehen]]; [[hingegen]] [[clipeus]] der kleinere, [[länglich]] runde, hohle [[Schild]] [[von]] [[Erz]]; vgl. Veget. mil. 2, 18), Caes. u.a.: pedestre, [[des]] Fußsoldaten, Liv.: [[scuta]] [[equestria]], der [[Reiter]], Liv.: [[scutum]] abicere, [[wegwerfen]], Cic., reicere, [[hinter]] [[sich]] [[halten]], um den [[Rücken]] zu [[decken]], Cic. – im Bilde, scuto [[vobis]] [[magis]] [[quam]] gladio [[opus]] est, Liv. 3, 53, 9: [[scutum]] imperii, v. [[Fabius]] Kunktator, [[Flor]]. 2, 6, 27. – / Archaist. Nbf. scūtus, ī, m., Turpil. com. 40. | ||
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{{ | {{trml | ||
| | |trtx=ar: سكوتوم; bg: скутум; bs: scutum; ca: scutum; cs: scutum; de: Scutum; en: scutum; es: scutum; fi: scutum; fr: scutum; hu: scutum; it: scudo; ja: スクトゥム; kk: скутум; nl: scutum; no: scutum; pl: scutum; pt: escudo romano; ru: скутум; sh: scutum; simple: scutum; sk: scutum; sl: scutum; sr: скутум; tr: scutum; uk: скутум | ||
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Latest revision as of 11:20, 19 October 2022
Latin > English
scutum scuti N N :: shield; (heavy shield of Roman legion infantry)
Wikipedia EN
The scutum (English: /ˈskuːtəm/ SKOO-təm, Classical Latin: [ˈskuːtũː]; plural scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, and then by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples. In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum, which was a larger shield. Originally it was an oblong and convex shield. By the first century BC it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only shield the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shields were used throughout Roman history.
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
scūtum: i, n. (
I masc. collat. form scūtus, Turp. ap. Non. 226, 13) σκῦτος.
I An oblong shield, made of boards fastened together, and covered with leather, a buckler (whereas clipeus denotes a round shield, target of metal; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 18): scutum pro clipeo, Liv. 1, 43: pedestre, of the infantry, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 14; 9, 13, 16; Liv. 6, 8; 7, 10: equestria, of the cavalry, id. 43, 6: ad galeas induendas scutisque tegimenta detrahenda tempus defuit, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, id. ib. 2, 33: sublato scuto, id. B. C. 2, 35: abjecto scuto fugere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54: ut non modo non abjecto, sed ne rejecto quidem scuto fugere videar, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: scutum reliquisse praecipuum flagitium, Tac. G. 6: hastas et scuta reclinant, Verg. A. 12, 130: fulgentia, id. ib. 8, 93: longa, id. ib. 8, 539; Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 73; Liv. 7, 26; 38, 17: erectum altius, Amm. 24, 4, 4.—
B Transf., heavyarmed soldiers, men bearing shields (late Lat.): oppidum, ordine circumdatum trino scutorum, oppugnabat, Amm. 24, 4, 10: Agilo, scutorum densitate contectus, id. 21, 12, 18 al.—
II Trop., a shield, i. e. a defence, protection, sheiter, safeguard (rare): sed ne quod tamen scutum dare in judicio viderentur eis, quos, etc., Cic. Tull. 18, 43: scuto vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Liv. 3, 53 fin. (for which, just before: praesidia libertatis non licentiae ad impugnandos alios): Fabius novam de Hannibale victoriam commentus est, non pugnare. Hinc illud ex populo, ut Imperii scutum vocaretur, Flor. 2, 6, 27; cf.: Deus, scutum meum, Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 3: scutum fidei, id. Eph. 6, 16.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
scūtum,⁹ ī, n. (σκῦτος), bouclier [ovale et convexe, puis long et creux, c. une tuile faîtière] : Cæs. G. 2, 21, 5 ; 2, 33, etc.; Liv. 1, 43, 4 || [fig.] = défense : Cic. Tull. 43 ; Liv. 3, 53, 9.
Latin > German (Georges)
scūtum, ī, n. (v. σκῦτος, Leder), der große (11/8 m lange und 3/4 m breite), den ganzen Mann deckende länglich viereckige Schild des röm. schweren Fußvolkes, der Langschild, griech. θυρεός (bestehend aus zwei zusammengeleimten Brettern, erst mit Leinwand u. dann darüber mit Rindshaut überzogen, am Rande mit Eisen beschlagen, in der Mitte nach außen mit einem eisernen Buckel versehen; hingegen clipeus der kleinere, länglich runde, hohle Schild von Erz; vgl. Veget. mil. 2, 18), Caes. u.a.: pedestre, des Fußsoldaten, Liv.: scuta equestria, der Reiter, Liv.: scutum abicere, wegwerfen, Cic., reicere, hinter sich halten, um den Rücken zu decken, Cic. – im Bilde, scuto vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Liv. 3, 53, 9: scutum imperii, v. Fabius Kunktator, Flor. 2, 6, 27. – / Archaist. Nbf. scūtus, ī, m., Turpil. com. 40.
Translations
ar: سكوتوم; bg: скутум; bs: scutum; ca: scutum; cs: scutum; de: Scutum; en: scutum; es: scutum; fi: scutum; fr: scutum; hu: scutum; it: scudo; ja: スクトゥム; kk: скутум; nl: scutum; no: scutum; pl: scutum; pt: escudo romano; ru: скутум; sh: scutum; simple: scutum; sk: scutum; sl: scutum; sr: скутум; tr: scutum; uk: скутум
