πικρός: Difference between revisions
καὶ ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἱ οἰκιακοὶ αὐτοῦ → and a man's foes shall be they of his own household (Micah 7:6, Matthew 10:36)
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|Definition=ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span> :—prop. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">pointed, sharp, keen</b>, ὀϊστός <span class="bibl">Il.4.118</span>, al.; βέλεμνα <span class="bibl">22.206</span>; γλωχίς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>681</span> : metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1288</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">sharp</b> to the sense: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of taste, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, ῥίζα <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span>; ἅλμη <span class="bibl">Od.5.323</span>; <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> (v.l. for [[πυκνόν]]) <span class="bibl">4.153</span>; of salt water, opp. <b class="b3">γλυκύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705a</span>; <b class="b3">πριγλία π</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>82.8</span> (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>; <b class="b3">ὑγρότης π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Meno <span class="title">Iatr.</span>5.13</span>; also of smell, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span>; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς <span class="bibl">Alciphr. 3.59</span>. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.) </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of feeling, <b class="b2">sharp, keen</b>, ὠδῖνες <span class="bibl">Il.11.271</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of sound, <b class="b2">piercing, shrill</b>, οἰμωγά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189</span> (lyr.); φθόγγος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1610</span>; <b class="b3">γόοι, ὄδυρμα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>883</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1227</span> (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>805</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of things, <b class="b2">bitter</b>, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, <b class="b3">μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι</b> (v.l. [[ἴδηαι]]) <span class="bibl">Od.17.448</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1045</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>883</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>399</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>955</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>357</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>589</span>; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>355</span>; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>745</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1239</span> ; <b class="b3">δύαι, χεῖμα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 180</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>198</span> (lyr.) ; πικρότερ' ἀχέων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 875</span> (lyr.); λόγοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>481</span> ; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span> ; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>46c</span> ; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ <span class="bibl">Men.795</span> : c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ <span class="bibl">D.1.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> so of persons, prob. in <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>4.1</span> (Comp.) ; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Sol.13.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.301</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>152</span> (lyr.), etc. ; ἔς τινας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> : abs., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>739</span>, <span class="title">Th</span>940(lyr.); <b class="b3">π. θεοῖς</b> <b class="b2">hateful</b> to them, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>254</span>; π. πολίταις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>224</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>1222</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς</b> his death is <b class="b2">matter of sorrow</b> to me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>966</span> ; <b class="b3">δαίμων π</b>., of <b class="b2">untimely</b> death (Lat. <b class="b2">acerbus)</b>, IG3.1338. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">embittered, angry</b>, πικρὰ ὄρνις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>423</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">relentless</b>, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.4</span> ; <b class="b2">spiteful, mean, vindictive</b>, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν <span class="bibl">D.18.108</span>; π. καὶ συκοφάντης <span class="bibl">Id.25.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1368b21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1126a19</span> : in Com. of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός <span class="bibl">Men.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">825</span>, <span class="bibl">843</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Georg.Fr.</span>3</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">pedantically</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Lys.</span>6</span>; <b class="b2">with rigid accuracy</b>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Cit.3</span>, Plu.2.659f. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">harshly, bitterly, vindictively</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>197</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>990</span> ; π. ἐξετάσαι <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl">18.265</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.10.54</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3.10</span> ; π. φέρειν τι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>610</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>190</span>; ἔκλαυσε π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.75</span> : Comp. -ότερον <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>659</span>, etc.: Sup. -ότατα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.72.3</span>. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>500</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span>, and in <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.74</span> : ι therefore is not long by nature as in <b class="b3">μικρός</b>.]</span> | |Definition=ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span> :—prop. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">pointed, sharp, keen</b>, ὀϊστός <span class="bibl">Il.4.118</span>, al.; βέλεμνα <span class="bibl">22.206</span>; γλωχίς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>681</span> : metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1288</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">sharp</b> to the sense: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of taste, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, ῥίζα <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span>; ἅλμη <span class="bibl">Od.5.323</span>; <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> (v.l. for [[πυκνόν]]) <span class="bibl">4.153</span>; of salt water, opp. <b class="b3">γλυκύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705a</span>; <b class="b3">πριγλία π</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>82.8</span> (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>; <b class="b3">ὑγρότης π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Meno <span class="title">Iatr.</span>5.13</span>; also of smell, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span>; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς <span class="bibl">Alciphr. 3.59</span>. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.) </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of feeling, <b class="b2">sharp, keen</b>, ὠδῖνες <span class="bibl">Il.11.271</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of sound, <b class="b2">piercing, shrill</b>, οἰμωγά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189</span> (lyr.); φθόγγος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1610</span>; <b class="b3">γόοι, ὄδυρμα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>883</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1227</span> (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>805</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of things, <b class="b2">bitter</b>, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, <b class="b3">μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι</b> (v.l. [[ἴδηαι]]) <span class="bibl">Od.17.448</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1045</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>883</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>399</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>955</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>357</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>589</span>; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>355</span>; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>745</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1239</span> ; <b class="b3">δύαι, χεῖμα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 180</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>198</span> (lyr.) ; πικρότερ' ἀχέων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 875</span> (lyr.); λόγοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>481</span> ; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span> ; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>46c</span> ; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ <span class="bibl">Men.795</span> : c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ <span class="bibl">D.1.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> so of persons, prob. in <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>4.1</span> (Comp.) ; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Sol.13.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.301</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>152</span> (lyr.), etc. ; ἔς τινας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> : abs., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>739</span>, <span class="title">Th</span>940(lyr.); <b class="b3">π. θεοῖς</b> <b class="b2">hateful</b> to them, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>254</span>; π. πολίταις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>224</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>1222</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς</b> his death is <b class="b2">matter of sorrow</b> to me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>966</span> ; <b class="b3">δαίμων π</b>., of <b class="b2">untimely</b> death (Lat. <b class="b2">acerbus)</b>, IG3.1338. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">embittered, angry</b>, πικρὰ ὄρνις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>423</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">relentless</b>, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.4</span> ; <b class="b2">spiteful, mean, vindictive</b>, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν <span class="bibl">D.18.108</span>; π. καὶ συκοφάντης <span class="bibl">Id.25.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1368b21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1126a19</span> : in Com. of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός <span class="bibl">Men.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">825</span>, <span class="bibl">843</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Georg.Fr.</span>3</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">pedantically</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Lys.</span>6</span>; <b class="b2">with rigid accuracy</b>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Cit.3</span>, Plu.2.659f. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">harshly, bitterly, vindictively</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>197</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>990</span> ; π. ἐξετάσαι <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl">18.265</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.10.54</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3.10</span> ; π. φέρειν τι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>610</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>190</span>; ἔκλαυσε π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.75</span> : Comp. -ότερον <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>659</span>, etc.: Sup. -ότατα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.72.3</span>. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>500</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span>, and in <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.74</span> : ι therefore is not long by nature as in <b class="b3">μικρός</b>.]</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0614.png Seite 614]] bei Dichtern auch 2 Endgn, wie Od. 4, 406, eigtl. <b class="b2">spitz, scharf</b> (vgl. Buttm. Lexil. I p. l 7), [[ὀϊστός]], βέλεμνα, Hom.; [[γλωχίν]], Soph. Trach. 678; daher übh. eindringend, scharf auf die Sinne wirkend; – a) vom <b class="b2">Geschmack</b>, herb, <b class="b2">bitter</b>; [[ῥίζα]], Il. 11, 846; [[ἅλμη]], Od. 5, 322; ähnlich [[δάκρυον]], 4, 153; ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς [[οἶνος]], Aesch. Ag. 944; πικρὰν χολὴν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ πικρῷ, Soph. frg. 733; Ggstz von [[γλυκύς]], Her. 7, 35; so auch τὸ λεγόμενον πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον, Plat. Phil. 46 c; πικροὶ καὶ χολώδεις χυμοί, Tim. 86 e. – b) vom <b class="b2">Geruch</b>, durchdringend, Od. 4, 406. – c) vom <b class="b2">Gefühl</b>, stechend, schneidend, <b class="b2">tief schmerzend</b>, ὠδῖνες, Il. 11, 271, wie Soph. Trach. 41, u. eben so, πικροῦ τοῦδ' αἰόλου κνώδοντος, Ai. 1003. – d) vom<b class="b2"> Gehör</b>, durchdringend, scharf, <b class="b2">gellend</b>, bes. von sehr hohen, das Trommelfell schmerzhaft reizenden Tönen, Ar. Pax 795, πικρᾶς οἰμωγᾶς, Soph. Phil. 189, [[φθόγγος]], O. C. 1606, u. ä., πικρᾶς ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον, Ant. 419. – el überh. <b class="b2">schmerzhaft</b>, widerwärtig, wodurch man sich verletzt, gekränkt fühlt, Od. 17, 448; πικροτάτα τελευτά, Pind. I. 6, 43; δύαι, Aesch. Prom. 178; [[τιμωρία]], Pers. 465; γάμου πικρὰς τελευτάς, Ag. 725, [[λύπη]], Soph. bl. 644; ἀγῶνες, Ai. 1218; vgl. πικρὰν δοκῶ με πεῖραν τήνδε τολμήσειν ἔτι, El. 462; [[νόστος]], Eur. Phoen. 956; [[λύπη]], Or. 1105; πικροτάτους δεσμούς, Bacch. 634; πικροὺς ἰγώ σοι δείξω νόμους, Ar. Av. 1045; u. in Prosa; ούδὲν τῆς ἀνάγκης πικρότερον, Antiph. 2 β 4; χαλεπὴν καὶ [[σφόδρα]] πικρὰν γειτονίαν, Plat. Legg. VIII, 843 c; λόγοι, Gorg. 522 b. – f) auch von <b class="b2">Personen, heftig</b>, jähzornig, bes. feindselig, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ [[οἶδα]] νῷν ὄντας πικρούς, Aesch. Ch. 232; ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῦσιν πικρόν, Eum 147; πικρὸς πολίταις ἐστίν, Eur. Med. 224, u. öfter; εἴς τινα, Her. 1, 123; πονηρὸς καὶ πικρὸς καὶ [[συκοφάντης]] vrbdt Dem. 25, 45; u. so adv., ὠμῶς καὶ πικρῶς ἔχειν ἐπί τινι, ib. 83; [[τύραννος]], Pol. 7, 13, 7; [[δικαστής]], streng, 5, 41, 3; καὶ [[ἀπαραίτητος]] u. ä. oft (vgl. Arist. eth. 4, 11); u. so auch im adv., πικρῶς διακεῖσθαι [[πρός]] τινα, 4, 14, 1; πικρότατα χρῆσθαί τινι, 1, 72, 3, u. a. Sp. – [Hom. braucht ι lang, es findet sich aber auch kurz, Soph. Ai. 500, Theocr. 8, 74] | |||
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Revision as of 19:25, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν Od.4.406 :—prop.
A pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός Il.4.118, al.; βέλεμνα 22.206; γλωχίς S.Tr.681 : metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι E.HF1288. II generally, sharp to the sense: 1 of taste, pungent, ῥίζα Il.11.846; ἅλμη Od.5.323; δάκρυον (v.l. for πυκνόν) 4.153; of salt water, opp. γλυκύς, Hdt.4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Pl.Lg.705a; πριγλία π. PCair.Zen.82.8 (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς A.Ag.970; ὑγρότης π., opp. ὀξεῖα, Meno Iatr.5.13; also of smell, pungent, Od.4.406; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς Alciphr. 3.59. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.) 2 of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες Il.11.271, S.Tr.41. 3 of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά Id.Ph.189 (lyr.); φθόγγος Id.OC1610; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, E.Ph.883, Tr.1227 (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ Ar.Pax805 (lyr.). III metaph., 1 of things, bitter, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (v.l. ἴδηαι) Od.17.448, cf. Ar.Av.1045, Th.883 (lyr.), E.Med.399, IA955, Ba.357, Cyc.589; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην S.Ph.355; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά Pi.I.7(6).48, cf. A.Ag.745 (lyr.) ; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Id.Pers.473, S.Aj.1239 ; δύαι, χεῖμα, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ag.198 (lyr.) ; πικρότερ' ἀχέων Id.Supp. 875 (lyr.); λόγοι E.Hel.481 ; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ Id.Hec.772 ; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον Pl.Phlb.46c ; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ Men.795 : c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ D.1.26. 2 so of persons, prob. in Sapph.Supp.4.1 (Comp.) ; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Sol.13.5, cf. Thgn.301, A.Ch.234, Eu.152 (lyr.), etc. ; ἔς τινας Hdt.1.123 : abs., A.Pr.739, Th940(lyr.); π. θεοῖς hateful to them, S.Ph.254; π. πολίταις E.Med.224, cf. Supp.1222 ; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, S.Aj.966 ; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Lat. acerbus), IG3.1338. 3 embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις S.Ant.423. 4 relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης Antipho 2.2.4 ; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν D.18.108; π. καὶ συκοφάντης Id.25.45, cf. Arist.Rh.1368b21, EN1126a19 : in Com. of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Men.10, cf. 825, 843, Georg.Fr.3. Adv. -ρῶς pedantically, D.H.Lys.6; with rigid accuracy, Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f. IV Adv. -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, A.Pr.197, S.OC990 ; π. ἐξετάσαι D.2.27, 18.265 ; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, Ep.3.10 ; π. φέρειν τι E.Ion610, cf. Andr.190; ἔκλαυσε π. Ev.Matt.26.75 : Comp. -ότερον Men.Mon.659, etc.: Sup. -ότατα Plb.1.72.3. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as A.Pers.473, Ag.970, S.Aj.500, E. Hec.772, and in Theoc.8.74 : ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]
German (Pape)
[Seite 614] bei Dichtern auch 2 Endgn, wie Od. 4, 406, eigtl. spitz, scharf (vgl. Buttm. Lexil. I p. l 7), ὀϊστός, βέλεμνα, Hom.; γλωχίν, Soph. Trach. 678; daher übh. eindringend, scharf auf die Sinne wirkend; – a) vom Geschmack, herb, bitter; ῥίζα, Il. 11, 846; ἅλμη, Od. 5, 322; ähnlich δάκρυον, 4, 153; ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς οἶνος, Aesch. Ag. 944; πικρὰν χολὴν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ πικρῷ, Soph. frg. 733; Ggstz von γλυκύς, Her. 7, 35; so auch τὸ λεγόμενον πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον, Plat. Phil. 46 c; πικροὶ καὶ χολώδεις χυμοί, Tim. 86 e. – b) vom Geruch, durchdringend, Od. 4, 406. – c) vom Gefühl, stechend, schneidend, tief schmerzend, ὠδῖνες, Il. 11, 271, wie Soph. Trach. 41, u. eben so, πικροῦ τοῦδ' αἰόλου κνώδοντος, Ai. 1003. – d) vom Gehör, durchdringend, scharf, gellend, bes. von sehr hohen, das Trommelfell schmerzhaft reizenden Tönen, Ar. Pax 795, πικρᾶς οἰμωγᾶς, Soph. Phil. 189, φθόγγος, O. C. 1606, u. ä., πικρᾶς ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον, Ant. 419. – el überh. schmerzhaft, widerwärtig, wodurch man sich verletzt, gekränkt fühlt, Od. 17, 448; πικροτάτα τελευτά, Pind. I. 6, 43; δύαι, Aesch. Prom. 178; τιμωρία, Pers. 465; γάμου πικρὰς τελευτάς, Ag. 725, λύπη, Soph. bl. 644; ἀγῶνες, Ai. 1218; vgl. πικρὰν δοκῶ με πεῖραν τήνδε τολμήσειν ἔτι, El. 462; νόστος, Eur. Phoen. 956; λύπη, Or. 1105; πικροτάτους δεσμούς, Bacch. 634; πικροὺς ἰγώ σοι δείξω νόμους, Ar. Av. 1045; u. in Prosa; ούδὲν τῆς ἀνάγκης πικρότερον, Antiph. 2 β 4; χαλεπὴν καὶ σφόδρα πικρὰν γειτονίαν, Plat. Legg. VIII, 843 c; λόγοι, Gorg. 522 b. – f) auch von Personen, heftig, jähzornig, bes. feindselig, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς, Aesch. Ch. 232; ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῦσιν πικρόν, Eum 147; πικρὸς πολίταις ἐστίν, Eur. Med. 224, u. öfter; εἴς τινα, Her. 1, 123; πονηρὸς καὶ πικρὸς καὶ συκοφάντης vrbdt Dem. 25, 45; u. so adv., ὠμῶς καὶ πικρῶς ἔχειν ἐπί τινι, ib. 83; τύραννος, Pol. 7, 13, 7; δικαστής, streng, 5, 41, 3; καὶ ἀπαραίτητος u. ä. oft (vgl. Arist. eth. 4, 11); u. so auch im adv., πικρῶς διακεῖσθαι πρός τινα, 4, 14, 1; πικρότατα χρῆσθαί τινι, 1, 72, 3, u. a. Sp. – [Hom. braucht ι lang, es findet sich aber auch kurz, Soph. Ai. 500, Theocr. 8, 74]
