ἔχις: Difference between revisions
Ἢ μὴ γάμει τὸ σύνολον ἢ γαμῶν κράτει → Aut caelebs vive aut dominus uxori tuae → Bleib ledig oder herrsche über deine Frau
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=-εως</b> of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?<br />Grammatical information: m. (f.)<br />Meaning: [[viper]] (Att.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">ἐχίδιον</b> (Arist.) and the plant-name <b class="b3">ἔχιον</b> (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), <b class="b3">ἐχίειον</b> (Nic.); further <b class="b3">ἐχιῆες</b> pl. = <b class="b3">ἔχεις</b> (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); <b class="b3">ἐχῖτις</b> f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 54). - Fem. <b class="b3">ἔχιδνα</b> [[viper]] (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a <b class="b3">ια-</b>deriv. from <b class="b3">*ἐχιδνός</b> (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with <b class="b3">ἐχιδν-αῖος</b> and <b class="b3">-ήεις</b> (hell.); this is not very probable, however; <b class="b3">-δνα</b> is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵhi-</b> [[snake]] (sic; wrong Pok.)<br />Etymology: If the interpretation of <b class="b3">ἐχῖνος</b> is correct, <b class="b3">ἔχις</b> must have a palatal <b class="b2">ǵh</b>. The comparable words for [[snake]], Skt. <b class="b2">áhi-</b> = Av. <b class="b2">aži-</b> like Arm. [[iž]], nust then be connected with <b class="b3">ὄφις</b>. Also Welsh [[euod]] [[Schafwürmer]], [[euon]] [[Pferdewurmer]] may belong to <b class="b3">ὄφις</b> (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44. - Cf. also [[ἔγχελυς]]. | |etymtx=-εως</b> of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?<br />Grammatical information: m. (f.)<br />Meaning: [[viper]] (Att.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">ἐχίδιον</b> (Arist.) and the plant-name <b class="b3">ἔχιον</b> (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), <b class="b3">ἐχίειον</b> (Nic.); further <b class="b3">ἐχιῆες</b> pl. = <b class="b3">ἔχεις</b> (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); <b class="b3">ἐχῖτις</b> f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 54). - Fem. <b class="b3">ἔχιδνα</b> [[viper]] (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a <b class="b3">ια-</b>deriv. from <b class="b3">*ἐχιδνός</b> (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with <b class="b3">ἐχιδν-αῖος</b> and <b class="b3">-ήεις</b> (hell.); this is not very probable, however; <b class="b3">-δνα</b> is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵhi-</b> [[snake]] (sic; wrong Pok.)<br />Etymology: If the interpretation of <b class="b3">ἐχῖνος</b> is correct, <b class="b3">ἔχις</b> must have a palatal <b class="b2">ǵh</b>. The comparable words for [[snake]], Skt. <b class="b2">áhi-</b> = Av. <b class="b2">aži-</b> like Arm. [[iž]], nust then be connected with <b class="b3">ὄφις</b>. Also Welsh [[euod]] [[Schafwürmer]], [[euon]] [[Pferdewurmer]] may belong to <b class="b3">ὄφις</b> (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44. - Cf. also [[ἔγχελυς]]. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=<br />an [[adder]], [[viper]], Plat.; metaph., [[συκοφάντης]] καὶ [[ἔχις]] τὴν φύσιν Dem. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 22:55, 9 January 2019
English (LSJ)
[Nic. Th.223, -ῑς metri gr. IG2.1660], εως, ὁ (ἡ Opp.C.3.439), gen. pl.
A ἔχεων Pl.Euthd.290a: gen. sg. ἔχιος Nic.Th.130: pl., dat. ἐχίεσσι ib.826; gen. ἐχίων ib.653; acc. ἔχιας ib.9, but ἔχεις Thphr. Char.1.7:—viper, Pl.Smp.217e, Arist.HA511a16, etc.: metaph., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔ. τὴν φύσιν D.25.96; ὥσπερ ἔ. ἢ σκορπίος ἠρκὼς τὸ κέντρον ib.52; cf. ἔχιδνα. II = ἔχιον 11, Nic.Th.541, 636, Plin. HN22.50.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1126] ιος u. εως, ὁ, fem. nur Opp. Cyn. 3, 439, sonst ist ἔχιδνα das fem., obgleich Einige dies für eine andere Schlangengattung halten, vgl. Ael. h. A. 10, 9; die Natter, Viper, Plat. Conv. 217 e u. Folgde. Uebertr. sagt Dem. 25, 96 ὅταν συκοφάντην καὶ πικρὸν καὶ ἔχιν τὴν φύσιν ἄνθρωπον ἴδητε, einen Menschen von Natternatur.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἔχῐς: -εως, ὁ, γεν. πληθ. ἔχεων, Πλάτ. Εὐθύδ. 290Α· παρὰ τῷ Νικάνδρῳ γεν. ἔχιος, πληθ. ἐχίσεσσι, ἔχιας. Ἔχιδνα, «ὀχιά», «ὄχεντρα», Πλάτ. Συμπ. 217Ε, Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 3. 1, 28 (ἔνθα διακρίνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ὠοτόκου ὄφεως), κτλ.· συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν Δημ. 799. 4· πορεύεσθαι διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὥσπερ ἔχις ὁ αὐτ. 786, ἐν ἀρχῇ. - Ἡ ἔχιδνα κατὰ τὸν Νίκανδρον ἐν Θηρ. 129, εἶναι τὸ θῆλυ τοῦ ἔχεως· ἄλλοι νομίζουσιν ὅτι ἔχις καὶ ἔχιδνα εἶναι δύο διάφορα εἴδη: ὁ Ὀππ. ἔχει τὸ ἔχις ὡς θηλυκ., Κυν. 3. 439. (Ἐκ τῆς √ΕΧ, ΕΓΧ, παράγονται ὡσαύτως αἱ λέξεις, ἔχιδνα, ἔγχελυς, Ἐχίων πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ah-is Λατ. ang-uis, ang-uilla· Ἀρχ. Ὑψηλ. Γερμ. unc· Λιθ. ang-uis (anguis)· ung-urys (anguilla): - ἂν οἱ Τευτονικοὶ τύποι, οἷον Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. oel, Γερμ. aal, κτλ., ἔχωσι σχέσιν τινά, πρέπει νὰ ἐσχηματίσθησαν ἀνεξαρτήτως).
French (Bailly abrégé)
εως (ὁ, rar. ἡ)
vipère, d’ord. mâle de la vipère.
Étymologie: cf. lat. anguis.
Greek Monolingual
ἔχις, -εως, ὁ, ἡ (Α)
1. έχιδνα, οχιά
2. μτφ. (για ανθρώπους) κακός, ύπουλος και επιβλαβής προς τους άλλους χαρακτήρας («ὅταν συκοφάντην καὶ πικρὸν καὶ ἔχιν τὴν φύσιν ἄνθρωπον ἴδητε», Δημοσθ.)
3. είδος φυτού, το έχιον.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Βλ. λ. έχιδνα].
Greek Monotonic
ἔχῐς: -εως, ὁ, γεν. πληθ. ἐχέων, οχιά, έχιδνα, σε Πλάτ.· μεταφ., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν, σε Δημ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἔχῐς: εως ὁ гадюка (самец) (Vipera ammedytes) Plat., Arst., Dem., Plut.
Frisk Etymological English
-εως of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?
Grammatical information: m. (f.)
Meaning: viper (Att.).
Derivatives: Dimin. ἐχίδιον (Arist.) and the plant-name ἔχιον (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), ἐχίειον (Nic.); further ἐχιῆες pl. = ἔχεις (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); ἐχῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en -της 54). - Fem. ἔχιδνα viper (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a ια-deriv. from *ἐχιδνός (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with ἐχιδν-αῖος and -ήεις (hell.); this is not very probable, however; -δνα is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵhi- snake (sic; wrong Pok.)
Etymology: If the interpretation of ἐχῖνος is correct, ἔχις must have a palatal ǵh. The comparable words for snake, Skt. áhi- = Av. aži- like Arm. iž, nust then be connected with ὄφις. Also Welsh euod Schafwürmer, euon Pferdewurmer may belong to ὄφις (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44. - Cf. also ἔγχελυς.
Middle Liddell
an adder, viper, Plat.; metaph., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν Dem.
