σφήν: Difference between revisions

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ὕπνος δεινὸν ἀνθρώποις κακόνsleep is a terrible evil for humans (Menander, Sententiae monostichoi 1.523)

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|etymtx=σφηνός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wedge]] (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφηνό-πους</b>, <b class="b3">-ποδος</b> [[with wedge-shaped feet]] ([[κλίνη]]; Ceos Va; cf. [[σφανίον]] below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφηνος</b> [[wedge-shaped]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), <b class="b3">ἀντι-σφήν</b> [[counter-wedge]] (Ph. Bel.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σφην-ίσκος</b> m. (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> n. (late medic.), uncertain <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Hero). 2. <b class="b3">σφανίον κλινίδιον</b> and <b class="b3">ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ</b> H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but <b class="b3">παρα-σφήν-ιον</b> n. [[side-wedge]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, [[wedged in]], [[to be wedged]], [[to wedge (in)]] (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with [[σφήνωσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) f. [[the wedging in]] (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀποσφήν-ωμα</b> n. [[wedge-shaped block]] (pap. IIp).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From [[σφανίον]] and Cean [[σφηνόπους]], of which the [[Η]] cannot render PGr. [[ē]] but must contain a PGr. [[a-]]sound, we get for [[σφήν]] a basic form <b class="b3">*σφάν</b>, if need be <b class="b3">*σφανσ-</b> (cf. [[χήν]]) or <b class="b3">*σφα-ην</b> (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for [[chip]] in OHG [[spān]], OE [[spōn]], OWNo. [[spānn]], [[spōnn]], PGm. <b class="b2">*spēn-u-</b>, must be given up. The words given sub [[σπάθη]] may be compared. -- Skt. <b class="b2">sphyá-</b> n. m. approx. <b class="b2">slice, kind of oar etc.</b> (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert [[l.c.]]): to NHG [[Espe]] etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.
|etymtx=σφηνός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wedge]] (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφηνό-πους</b>, <b class="b3">-ποδος</b> [[with wedge-shaped feet]] ([[κλίνη]]; Ceos Va; cf. [[σφανίον]] below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφηνος</b> [[wedge-shaped]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), <b class="b3">ἀντι-σφήν</b> [[counter-wedge]] (Ph. Bel.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σφην-ίσκος</b> m. (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> n. (late medic.), uncertain <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Hero). 2. <b class="b3">σφανίον κλινίδιον</b> and <b class="b3">ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ</b> H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but <b class="b3">παρα-σφήν-ιον</b> n. [[side-wedge]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, [[wedged in]], [[to be wedged]], [[to wedge (in)]] (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with [[σφήνωσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) f. [[the wedging in]] (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀποσφήν-ωμα</b> n. [[wedge-shaped block]] (pap. IIp).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From [[σφανίον]] and Cean [[σφηνόπους]], of which the [[Η]] cannot render PGr. [[ē]] but must contain a PGr. [[a-]]sound, we get for [[σφήν]] a basic form <b class="b3">*σφάν</b>, if need be <b class="b3">*σφανσ-</b> (cf. [[χήν]]) or <b class="b3">*σφα-ην</b> (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for [[chip]] in OHG [[spān]], OE [[spōn]], OWNo. [[spānn]], [[spōnn]], PGm. <b class="b2">*spēn-u-</b>, must be given up. The words given sub [[σπάθη]] may be compared. -- Skt. <b class="b2">sphyá-</b> n. m. approx. [[slice]], [[kind of oar etc.]] (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert [[l.c.]]): to NHG [[Espe]] etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.
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{{mdlsj
{{mdlsj

Revision as of 14:40, 9 December 2022

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: σφήν Medium diacritics: σφήν Low diacritics: σφην Capitals: ΣΦΗΝ
Transliteration A: sphḗn Transliteration B: sphēn Transliteration C: sfin Beta Code: sfh/n

English (LSJ)

σφηνός, , wedge, Ar.Ra.801, A.R.1.1204, Arist.Mech.853a19, PCair.Zen.759.2 (iii B.C.), etc.; used as an instrument of torture, A.Pr.64, Plu.2.498d, LXX 4 Ma.8.13, al. [σφην- prob. from σφᾱν-, cf. σφάνιον and v. sub σφηνόπους.]

German (Pape)

[Seite 1050] σφηνός, ὁ, der Keil, Aesch. Prom. 64; – alles Keilförmige, Ar. Ran. 800; Nicom. arithm. 2, 16 führt τεκτονικ οί, οἰκοδομικοί, χαλκευτικοί an, u. erkl. sie ausführlicher; auch ein Marterwerkzeug, Plut. an vit. suff. 2.

French (Bailly abrégé)

σφηνός (ὁ) :
coin :
1 instrument de travail;
2 instrument de torture.
Étymologie: DELG étym. obscure.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

σφήν -ηνός, ὁ wig.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

σφήν: σφηνός ὁ клин
1 измерительный прибор Arph.;
2 орудие пытки Aesch., Plut.

Greek Monolingual

-ηνός, ὁ, ΜΑ
βλ. σφήνα.

Greek Monotonic

σφήν: σφηνός, ὁ, πάσσαλος, σφήνα, σε Αριστοφ. κ.λπ., που χρησιμοποιείται ως όργανο βασανισμού, σε Αισχύλ.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

σφήν: σφηνός, ὁ, ἡ «σφήνα», Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 801, κλπ.· ― ἐν χρήσει ὡς ὄργανον βασανιστικόν, Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 64, Πλούτ. 2. 498D, Ἰωσήπ. Μακκ. 8. 13, κ. ἀλλ.

Frisk Etymological English

σφηνός
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: wedge (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).
Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, -ποδος with wedge-shaped feet (κλίνη; Ceos Va; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος wedge-shaped (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν counter-wedge (Ph. Bel.).
Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), -άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain -ίς, -ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. side-wedge (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. -όομαι, -όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in) (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις (ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. the wedging in (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. wedge-shaped block (pap. IIp).
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφάν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for chip in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. *spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. slice, kind of oar etc. (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.

Middle Liddell

σφήν, σφηνός, οῦ, ὁ,
a wedge, Ar., etc.;—used as an instrument of torture, Aesch.

Frisk Etymology German

σφήν: σφηνός
{sphḗn}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Keil (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. Pap. u.a.).
Composita: Einige Kompp., z.B. σφηνόπους, -ποδος mit keilförmigen Füßen (κλίνη; Keos Va; vgl. σφανίον unten und Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπίσφηνος keilförmig (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντισφήν Gegenkeil (Ph. Bel.).
Derivative: Davon 1. Demin. σφηνίσκος m. (Hp. u.a.), -άριον n. (sp. Mediz.), unsicher -ίς, -ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον· κλινίδιον und ἐν σφανίῳ· ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); aber παρασφήνιον n. Nebenkeil (hell. Inschr. u. Pap.) Hypostase. 3. -όομαι, -όω, oft m. Präfix, z.B. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, ‘eingekeilt, verkeilt werden, ein-, verkeilen’ (Arist., Mediz., hell. u. sp.) mit σφήνωσις (ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. das Einkeilen (Mediz. u.a.), ἀποσφήνωμα n. keilförmiger Block (Pap. IIp).
Etymology: Aus σφανίον und keisch σφηνόπους, dessen Η nicht urgr. ē wiedergeben kann sondern einen urgr. a-Laut enthalten muß, ergibt sich für σφήν eine Grundform *σφάν, allenfalls *σφανσ- (vgl. χήν) oder *σφαην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 A. 7 m. Lit.; anders Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Dadurch wird die herkömmliche (seit Kuhn KZ 4, 15) Gleichsetzung mit einem germ. Wort für Span in ahd. spān, ags. spōn, awno. spānn, spōnn, urg. *spēn-u-, hinfällig. Verwandtschaft mit den s. σπάθη besprochenen Wörtern kommt natürlich immer in Betracht. — Aind. sphyá- n. m. etwa Spatel, Art Ruder (zur Bed. Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) bleibt fern; Hypothese von Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (zustimmend Janert a. O.): zu nhd. Espe usw.; dagegen Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f.
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Mantoulidis Etymological

σφηνός (=σφήνα). Παράγωγα ἀπό ἴδια ρίζα: σφηνόω -ῶ (=βουλώνω καλά), σφήνωσις.