χθών: Difference between revisions
Ζῆν οὐκ ἄξιος, ὅτῳ μηδὲ εἷς ἐστι χρηστὸς φίλος → Life is not worth living if you do not have at least one friend.
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|Definition=ἡ, gen. <b class="b3">χθονός</b>, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">earth</b>, esp. <b class="b2">the surface of it</b> (rarely <b class="b2">soil</b>, χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>872</span>): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>14.15</span> (cod. Alex.), <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span> 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Od.8.375</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα <span class="bibl">8.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.619</span>; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς <span class="bibl">20.483</span>; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">6.473</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.89</span>; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι <span class="bibl">13.180</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ χ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οὐρανῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">4.443</span>; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο <span class="bibl">1.88</span>; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες <span class="bibl">Od.8.222</span>, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι <span class="bibl">6.153</span>; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>811</span>; <b class="b3">χθόνα δύμεναι</b> to go beneath <b class="b2">the earth</b>, i.e. to die, <span class="bibl">Il.6.411</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>151</span>; <b class="b3">ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ</b> χθονός <span class="bibl">Od.11.52</span>; <b class="b3">κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς</b> buried, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>588</span>; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1546</span> (Pass.); χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.38</span>; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>463</span> (lyr.); opp. <b class="b3">θάλασσα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>576</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χθονός</b>, of <b class="b2">the nether world</b>, Τάρταρον... ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον <span class="bibl">Il.8.14</span>; κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.10, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>72</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι</b>, i.e. those <b class="b2">in the shades below</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>833</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>65</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί</b>, i.e. the Erinyes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>115</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1023</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">earth</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">the world</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>139</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>528</span>; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>956</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">Earth</b>, as a goddess, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>207</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">land, country</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">εἴσατο δὲ χ</b>., of Ithaca, <span class="bibl">Od. 13.352</span>; <b class="b3">πολύμηλος χ</b>., of Libya, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.7</span>; <b class="b3">εὔκαρπος χ</b>., of Sicily, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>1.14</span>; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., <b class="b3">χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>61</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">485</span>; with Art., πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>423</span>; τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1</span>; τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>795</span>; τὴν ἐμὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>846</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ</b>. (paratrag.) <span class="bibl">Ephipp. 14.13</span>; even of a <b class="b2">city</b>, τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1348</span>; νόμους χθονός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>368</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>736</span>,<span class="bibl">939</span>; Com., ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος, . . οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110</span> (lyr.); ξένης ἀπὸ χ. <span class="bibl">Eup.71</span> (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. <b class="b2">k[snull ]ámi</b> 'on the ground', Hittite <b class="b2">tegan</b> 'ground', Tocharian <b class="b2">tkan-</b> 'place', Ir. <b class="b2">dū</b> 'place' (acc. <b class="b2">don</b>, dat. <b class="b2">dun</b>).)</span> | |Definition=ἡ, gen. <b class="b3">χθονός</b>, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">earth</b>, esp. <b class="b2">the surface of it</b> (rarely <b class="b2">soil</b>, χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>872</span>): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>14.15</span> (cod. Alex.), <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span> 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Od.8.375</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα <span class="bibl">8.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.619</span>; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς <span class="bibl">20.483</span>; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">6.473</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.89</span>; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι <span class="bibl">13.180</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ χ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οὐρανῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">4.443</span>; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο <span class="bibl">1.88</span>; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες <span class="bibl">Od.8.222</span>, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι <span class="bibl">6.153</span>; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>811</span>; <b class="b3">χθόνα δύμεναι</b> to go beneath <b class="b2">the earth</b>, i.e. to die, <span class="bibl">Il.6.411</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>151</span>; <b class="b3">ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ</b> χθονός <span class="bibl">Od.11.52</span>; <b class="b3">κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς</b> buried, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>588</span>; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1546</span> (Pass.); χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.38</span>; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>463</span> (lyr.); opp. <b class="b3">θάλασσα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>576</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χθονός</b>, of <b class="b2">the nether world</b>, Τάρταρον... ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον <span class="bibl">Il.8.14</span>; κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.10, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>72</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι</b>, i.e. those <b class="b2">in the shades below</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>833</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>65</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί</b>, i.e. the Erinyes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>115</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1023</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">earth</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">the world</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>139</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>528</span>; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>956</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">Earth</b>, as a goddess, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>207</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">land, country</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">εἴσατο δὲ χ</b>., of Ithaca, <span class="bibl">Od. 13.352</span>; <b class="b3">πολύμηλος χ</b>., of Libya, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.7</span>; <b class="b3">εὔκαρπος χ</b>., of Sicily, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>1.14</span>; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., <b class="b3">χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>61</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">485</span>; with Art., πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>423</span>; τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1</span>; τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>795</span>; τὴν ἐμὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>846</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ</b>. (paratrag.) <span class="bibl">Ephipp. 14.13</span>; even of a <b class="b2">city</b>, τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1348</span>; νόμους χθονός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>368</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>736</span>,<span class="bibl">939</span>; Com., ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος, . . οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110</span> (lyr.); ξένης ἀπὸ χ. <span class="bibl">Eup.71</span> (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. <b class="b2">k[snull ]ámi</b> 'on the ground', Hittite <b class="b2">tegan</b> 'ground', Tocharian <b class="b2">tkan-</b> 'place', Ir. <b class="b2">dū</b> 'place' (acc. <b class="b2">don</b>, dat. <b class="b2">dun</b>).)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1355.png Seite 1355]] ἡ, gen. χθονός, Erde, Erdboden; ὑπὸ χθὼν σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε ποδῶν Il. 2, 465; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20, 483, u. sonst; sie heißt εὐρεῖα oft, wie [[εὐρυόδεια]], [[πολυβότειρα]]; Hom. vrbdt auch ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο, Il. 1, 88 Od. 16, 439; vgl. ἐπὶ χθονὶ [[σῖτον]] ἔδοντες 8, 222; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων 7, 307; χθονὸς μὲν εἰς τηλουρὸν ἥκομεν [[πέδον]] Aesch. Prom. 1; κίον' οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ χθονὸς ὤμ οις ἐρείδων 349; u. oft in diesem Ggstz bei den Tragg., wie im Ggstz von [[θάλασσα]], Aesch. Ag. 562; χθόνα [[δύμεναι]], unter die Erde gehen, d. i. sterben, Il. 6, 411; Hes. Sc. 151; wie ὁ κατὰ χθονὸς Ἅιδης Aesch. Ag. 1359; οἱ ὑπὸ χθονὸς φίλοι, die Todten in der Unterwelt, Ch. 820; Ἐτεοκλέα κατὰ χθονὸς ἔκρυψε Soph. Ant. 24, wie ὑπ ὸ χθονὸς κεκε υθέναι Aesch. Spt. 588. – Dah. das Innere der Erde, der Erdschooß, s. Herm. Eur. Hec. 70. – Bei den Tragg. auch von den einzelnen Ländern, [[πᾶσα]] χθὼν [[Ἀσιῆτις]] Aesch Pers. 61; ἔς τε Φωκέων χθόνα 477, u. öfter; Soph. Phil. 477. 660 Ant. 1147 u. sonst; u. überh. = [[πόλις]], Valck. Eur. Phoen. 6, Seidl. Troad. 4. – Vgl. [[χαμαί]], humus. | |||
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Revision as of 19:44, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ἡ, gen. χθονός,
A earth, esp. the surface of it (rarely soil, χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν A.Ag.872): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, LXX 3 Ki.14.15 (cod. Alex.), Supp.Epigr. 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς Od.8.375, cf. 10.149, Il.14.349; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα 8.492, cf. 11.619; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20.483; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473, cf. 3.89; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι 13.180; ἐπὶ χ., opp. οὐρανῷ, 4.443; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο 1.88; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες Od.8.222, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι 6.153; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. S.Tr.811; χθόνα δύμεναι to go beneath the earth, i.e. to die, Il.6.411, Hes.Sc.151; ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ χθονός Od.11.52; κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς buried, A.Th.588; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά S.Ant.24, cf. OC1546 (Pass.); χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι Pi.N.8.38; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι E.Alc.463 (lyr.); opp. θάλασσα, A.Ag.576; ὑπὸ χθονός, of the nether world, Τάρταρον... ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον Il.8.14; κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.Supp.7.10, cf. A.Eu.72; οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι, i.e. those in the shades below, Id.Ch.833 (lyr.), cf. S.Ant.65; ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί, i.e. the Erinyes, A.Eu.115; εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους ib. 1023. 2 earth, i.e. the world, Id.Pr.139 (anap.), Ag.528; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S.Fr.956. 3 Earth, as a goddess, A.Pr.207, Eu.6. II land, country, once in Hom., εἴσατο δὲ χ., of Ithaca, Od. 13.352; πολύμηλος χ., of Libya, Pi.P.9.7; εὔκαρπος χ., of Sicily, Id.N.1.14; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων, A.Pers.61 (anap.), 485; with Art., πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα S.El.423; τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου Id.Ph.1; τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. Id.OT795; τὴν ἐμὴν χ. Id.Aj.846; τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ. (paratrag.) Ephipp. 14.13; even of a city, τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. S.OC1348; νόμους χθονός Id.Ant.368 (lyr.), cf. OT736,939; Com., ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος, . . οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός Ar.Fr.110 (lyr.); ξένης ἀπὸ χ. Eup.71 (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. k[snull ]ámi 'on the ground', Hittite tegan 'ground', Tocharian tkan- 'place', Ir. dū 'place' (acc. don, dat. dun).)
German (Pape)
[Seite 1355] ἡ, gen. χθονός, Erde, Erdboden; ὑπὸ χθὼν σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε ποδῶν Il. 2, 465; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20, 483, u. sonst; sie heißt εὐρεῖα oft, wie εὐρυόδεια, πολυβότειρα; Hom. vrbdt auch ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο, Il. 1, 88 Od. 16, 439; vgl. ἐπὶ χθονὶ σῖτον ἔδοντες 8, 222; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων 7, 307; χθονὸς μὲν εἰς τηλουρὸν ἥκομεν πέδον Aesch. Prom. 1; κίον' οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ χθονὸς ὤμ οις ἐρείδων 349; u. oft in diesem Ggstz bei den Tragg., wie im Ggstz von θάλασσα, Aesch. Ag. 562; χθόνα δύμεναι, unter die Erde gehen, d. i. sterben, Il. 6, 411; Hes. Sc. 151; wie ὁ κατὰ χθονὸς Ἅιδης Aesch. Ag. 1359; οἱ ὑπὸ χθονὸς φίλοι, die Todten in der Unterwelt, Ch. 820; Ἐτεοκλέα κατὰ χθονὸς ἔκρυψε Soph. Ant. 24, wie ὑπ ὸ χθονὸς κεκε υθέναι Aesch. Spt. 588. – Dah. das Innere der Erde, der Erdschooß, s. Herm. Eur. Hec. 70. – Bei den Tragg. auch von den einzelnen Ländern, πᾶσα χθὼν Ἀσιῆτις Aesch Pers. 61; ἔς τε Φωκέων χθόνα 477, u. öfter; Soph. Phil. 477. 660 Ant. 1147 u. sonst; u. überh. = πόλις, Valck. Eur. Phoen. 6, Seidl. Troad. 4. – Vgl. χαμαί, humus.
