γύψος: Difference between revisions
δεξιὸν εἰς ὑπόδημα, ἀριστερὸν εἰς ποδάνιπτρα → the right foot into a shoe, the left into a foot-bath | of one who is ready for anything
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|Transliteration C=gypsos | |Transliteration C=gypsos | ||
|Beta Code=gu/yos | |Beta Code=gu/yos | ||
|Definition=ἡ, < | |Definition=ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[chalk]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.69, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 110c.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[gypsum]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''Lap.''64, ''BGU''952.8 (ii/iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[cement]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''De Lapidibus'' 65, Ph. ''Bel.''79.5; <b class="b3">ἐν γύψῳ κείμενος</b> embedded in [[cement]], [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]2.10, Arr.''An.'' 2.21.4. | ||
}} | |||
{{DGE | |||
|dgtxt=-ου, ἡ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> lat. tb. neutr. gypsum</i> Vitr.7.3.3, Isid.<i>Etym</i>.16.3.9<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[yeso]] Hdt.7.69, Pl.<i>Phd</i>.110c, Hp.<i>Nat.Mul</i>.32, Thphr.<i>Lap</i>.64, Luc.<i>Trag</i>.160, Vitr.l.c., Paus.1.40.4, 8.22.7, 9.32.1, <i>PLeid.X</i>.63, Gal.17(2).164, 182, <i>BGU</i> 952.4, 8 (II/III d.C.), Cels.2.33.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>usado como cosmético, D.C.61.7.4, <i>AP</i> 5.19 (Rufin.), Nonn.<i>D</i>.29.274, para hacer estatuas <i>Anecd.Helu</i>.273.34.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[argamasa de yeso]] πλίνθος ... ἐν γύψῳ κείμενος ladrillo acoplado con yeso</i> [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]2.10, cf. Ph.<i>Mech</i>.79.5, Arr.<i>An</i>.2.21.4. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0512.png Seite 512]] ἡ, Kreide, Her. 7, 69; Plat. Phaed. 110 c; – Gyps, Theophr.; Rufin. 14 (V, 19). | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0512.png Seite 512]] ἡ, Kreide, Her. 7, 69; Plat. Phaed. 110 c; – Gyps, Theophr.; Rufin. 14 (V, 19). | ||
}} | |||
{{bailly | |||
|btext=ου (ἡ) :<br />[[gypse]], [[plâtre]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG pê emprunt sémitique -- Babiniotis aram. gassā. | |||
}} | |||
{{elnl | |||
|elnltext=γύψος -ου, ἡ krijt, gips, cement. | |||
}} | |||
{{elru | |||
|elrutext='''γύψος:''' ἡ [[мел]] или [[известь]] Her., Plat., Anth. | |||
}} | |||
{{grml | |||
|mltxt=και ύψος, ο (AM [[γύψος]])<br />συνηθισμένο θειικό [[ορυκτό]], [[μεγάλης]] εμπορικής σημασίας, που αποτελείται από ένυδρο θειικό ασβέστιο.<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> Πρόκειται πιθ. για [[λέξη]] σημιτικής προέλευσης ([[πρβλ]]. ακκαδ. <i>gassu</i>, αραμ. <i>gass</i><i>ā</i> «[[γύψος]]»).<br /><b><span style="color: brown;">ΠΑΡ.</span></b> [[γύψινος]], [[γυψώνω]] (Α -<i>ώ</i>)<br /><b>μσν.</b><br />[[γυψίον]]<br /><b>μσν.- νεοελλ.</b><br />[[γυψώδης]]<br /><b>νεοελλ.</b><br />[[γυψάδικο]], [[γυψάς]].<br /><b><span style="color: brown;">ΣΥΝΘ.</span></b> <b>μσν.-νεοελλ.</b> [[γυψοειδής]], [[γυψοπλάστης]]<br /><b>νεοελλ.</b><br /><i>γυψοκάμινος</i>, [[γυψόκολλα]], [[γυψοκονία]], [[γυψοκονίαμα]], [[γυψόκονις]], [[γυψόλιθος]], [[γυψομάρμαρο]], [[γυψοπλαστική]], [[γυψοποιός]], [[γυψοπώλης]], [[γυψοσανίδα]], [[γυψουργός]], [[γυψωρυχείο]]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{lsm | |||
|lsmtext='''γύψος:''' ἡ, [[κιμωλία]], [[ασβεστόλιθος]], σε Ηρόδ., Πλάτ. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ls | {{ls | ||
|lstext='''γύψος''': ἡ, κιμωλία γῆ, Ἡρόδ. 7. 69, Πλάτ. Φαίδωνι 110C. ΙΙ. [[εἶδος]] ἀσβέστου μετ’ ὀξέος χαλκάνθου μεμιγμένης, gypsum, Θεόφρ. Λίθ. 64 κ ἑξ. | |lstext='''γύψος''': ἡ, κιμωλία γῆ, Ἡρόδ. 7. 69, Πλάτ. Φαίδωνι 110C. ΙΙ. [[εἶδος]] ἀσβέστου μετ’ ὀξέος χαλκάνθου μεμιγμένης, gypsum, Θεόφρ. Λίθ. 64 κ ἑξ. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{etym | ||
| | |etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[gypsum]], [[chalk]], [[cement]] (Hdt.).<br />Derivatives: [[γυψίον]] (pap.), [[γυψική]] [[tax on plasterers]] (pap.), [[γύψινος]] (EM), [[γυψώδης]] (Sor.); denom. [[γυψόω]] [[plaster with gyprum]], [[chalk over]] (Hdt.) with [[γύψωσις]] (Gp.) and [[γυψωτής]] (EM); [[γυψίζω]] <b class="b2">id.</b> with [[γυψισμός]] (pap.)<br />Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.X<br />Etymology: From Semitic?, s. Muß-Arnolt TransAmPhilAssoc. 23 (1892) 70. | ||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[chalk]], Hdt., Plat. | |||
}} | |||
{{FriskDe | |||
|ftr='''γύψος''': {gúpsos}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Gips]], [[Zement]] (Hdt., Pl., Thphr. usw.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[γυψίον]] (Pap.), [[γυψική]] [[Gipssteuer]] (Pap.), [[γύψινος]] (''EM''), [[γυψώδης]] (Sor.); denominative Verba: [[γυψόω]] [[mit Gips überziehen]] (Hdt. u. a.) mit [[γύψωσις]] (''Gp''.) und [[γυψωτής]] (''EM''); [[γυψίζω]] ib. mit [[γυψισμός]] (Pap.)<br />'''Etymology''': Aus dem Semitischen, s. Muß-Arnolt TransAmPhilAssoc. 23 (1892) 70.<br />'''Page''' 1,336 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{mantoulidis | ||
| | |mantxt=(=[[εἶδος]] ἀσβεστώδους γῆς). | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{trml | ||
| | |trtx====[[chalk]]=== | ||
Afrikaans: kryt; Albanian: shkumës; Arabic: طَبْشُورَة; Armenian: կավիճ; Azerbaijani: təbaşir; Bashkir: аҡбур, бур; Belarusian: крэ́йда, мел; Bengali: সফেদা, সফেদ; Bulgarian: креда; Catalan: creta; Chinese Mandarin: 白堊, 白垩; Czech: křída; Danish: kridt; Dutch: [[krijt]], [[krijtgesteente]]; Erzya: пор; Esperanto: kreto; Estonian: kriit; Faroese: krit; Finnish: liitukivi; French: [[craie]]; Friulian: ges; Galician: xiz; Georgian: ცარცი; German: [[Kreide]]; Greek: [[κιμωλία]]; Ancient Greek: [[γύψος]]; Greenlandic: allaat; Hindi: खड़िया; Hungarian: kréta; Icelandic: krítarsteinn; Indonesian: kapur; Ingrian: valaskivi; Irish: cailc; Italian: [[gesso]], [[creta]]; Japanese: 白亜; Kalmyk: церд; Kamba: chokaa; Kazakh: бор; Khmer: ដីស; Kikuyu: shokaa; Korean: 백악(白堊); Kurdish Central Kurdish: گەچ; Kyrgyz: бор; Lao: ປູນ; Latin: [[creta]]; Latvian: krīts; Lithuanian: kreida; Luhya: echokaa; Luxembourgish: Kräid; Macedonian: креда, вар; Malay: kapur; Meru: ckoka, choka; Nepali: चूना; Norman: craie; Norwegian Bokmål: kritt; Nynorsk: krit; Oromo: boronqii; Pashto: تباشير; Persian: گچ; Plautdietsch: Kjried; Polish: kreda; Portuguese: [[gesso]]; Romanian: cretă; Russian: [[мел]]; Scottish Gaelic: cailc; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: креда, вапно; Roman: kréda, vápno; Slovak: krieda; Slovene: kreda; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: krida; Upper Spanish: creta; Swahili: chaki; Swedish: krita; Tagalog: tisa, yeso; Tajik: бӯр, табошир, гач; Telugu: సుద్ద; Thai: หินดินสอพอง; Turkish: tebeşir; Udi: мацӏикӏул; Ukrainian: крейда; Urdu: کهریا; Uyghur: بور; Uzbek: boʻr; Vietnamese: phấn, đá phấn; Vilamovian: krajd; Welsh: sialc; Yiddish: קרײַד; Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì | |||
===[[gypsum]]=== | |||
Armenian: գիպս; Bulgarian: гипс; Catalan: guix, parrell; Chinese Mandarin: 石膏; Czech: sádrovec; Danish: gips; Dutch: [[gips]]; Esperanto: gipso; Estonian: kips; Finnish: kipsi; French: [[gypse]]; Galician: xeso, alxés, elso; Georgian: თაბაშირი; German: [[Gips]]; Greek: [[γύψος]]; Ancient Greek: [[γύψος]]; Hebrew: גֶּבֶס; Hindi: हरसौंठ, कुलनार; Hungarian: gipsz; Icelandic: gifs; Italian: [[gesso]]; Japanese: 石膏; Korean: 석고; Latin: [[gypsum]]; Latvian: ģipsis; Navajo: łeezh łigaaí; Norwegian Bokmål: gips; Nynorsk: gips; Persian: گچ; Polish: gips; Portuguese: [[gipsita]]; Russian: [[гипс]]; Spanish: [[yeso]]; Swedish: gips; Tagalog: yeso; Tamil: உறைகளிக்கல்; Thai: ยิปซัม, เกลือจืด; Turkish: alçı; Vietnamese: thạch cao; Welsh: gypswm, glyfaen | |||
===[[cement]]=== | |||
Afrikaans: sement; Albanian: çimento; Amharic: ሲሚንቶ; Arabic: أَسْمَنْت; Egyptian Arabic: اسمنت; Armenian: ցեմենտ; Azerbaijani: sement; Basque: zemento, porlan; Belarusian: цэмент; Bengali: সিমেন্ট; Bulgarian: цимент; Burmese: အင်္ဂတေ; Catalan: ciment; Cherokee: ᏅᏯᎠᏰᏍᏓᎥ; Chichewa: simenti; Chinese Cantonese: 紅毛泥, 红毛泥, 水泥; Mandarin: 水泥, 洋灰, 士敏土; Cornish: lim; Czech: cement; Danish: cement; Dutch: [[cement]]; Estonian: tsement; Faroese: sement; Finnish: sementti; French: [[ciment]]; Galician: cemento; Georgian: ცემენტი; German: [[Zement]]; Greek: [[τσιμέντο]]; Haitian Creole: siman; Hebrew: צֶמֶנְט; Hindi: सीमेंट; Hungarian: cement; Hunsrik: Siment; Icelandic: sement; Indonesian: semen; Ingrian: tsementta; Irish: stroighin, suimint; Italian: [[cemento]]; Japanese: セメント; Kazakh: цемент; Khmer: ស៊ីម៉ងត៍; Korean: 시멘트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: چەمەنتۆ; Kyrgyz: цемент; Lao: ຊີມັງ; Latin: [[ferrumen]], [[caementum]]; Latvian: cements; Lithuanian: cementas; Macedonian: цемент; Malagasy: simenitra; Malay: simen; Malayalam: സിമന്റ്; Maltese: simenta; Maori: raima; Mongolian: цемент; Norman: chînment; Norwegian Bokmål: sement; Persian: سیمان; Plautdietsch: Zemment; Polish: cement; Portuguese: [[cimento]]; Punjabi: ਸੀਮਿੰਟ; Romanian: ciment; Russian: [[цемент]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: цѐмент; Roman: cèment; Sinhalese: සිමෙන්ති; Slovak: cement; Slovene: cement; Spanish: [[cemento]]; Swahili: simiti, sementi; Tagalog: semento; Tajik: семент; Tamil: சிமிட்டி, பைஞ்சுதை; Thai: ซีเมนต์; Turkish: çimento; Turkmen: sement; Ukrainian: цемент; Urdu: سیمنٹ; Uzbek: tsement; Vietnamese: xi măng; Welsh: sment; Yiddish: צעמענט | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:29, 2 November 2024
English (LSJ)
ἡ,
A chalk, Hdt.7.69, Pl.Phd. 110c.
II gypsum, Thphr. Lap.64, BGU952.8 (ii/iii A. D.).
III cement, Thphr. De Lapidibus 65, Ph. Bel.79.5; ἐν γύψῳ κείμενος embedded in cement, D.S.2.10, Arr.An. 2.21.4.
Spanish (DGE)
-ου, ἡ
• Alolema(s): lat. tb. neutr. gypsum Vitr.7.3.3, Isid.Etym.16.3.9
1 yeso Hdt.7.69, Pl.Phd.110c, Hp.Nat.Mul.32, Thphr.Lap.64, Luc.Trag.160, Vitr.l.c., Paus.1.40.4, 8.22.7, 9.32.1, PLeid.X.63, Gal.17(2).164, 182, BGU 952.4, 8 (II/III d.C.), Cels.2.33.3
•usado como cosmético, D.C.61.7.4, AP 5.19 (Rufin.), Nonn.D.29.274, para hacer estatuas Anecd.Helu.273.34.
2 argamasa de yeso πλίνθος ... ἐν γύψῳ κείμενος ladrillo acoplado con yeso D.S.2.10, cf. Ph.Mech.79.5, Arr.An.2.21.4.
German (Pape)
[Seite 512] ἡ, Kreide, Her. 7, 69; Plat. Phaed. 110 c; – Gyps, Theophr.; Rufin. 14 (V, 19).
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ἡ) :
gypse, plâtre.
Étymologie: DELG pê emprunt sémitique -- Babiniotis aram. gassā.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
γύψος -ου, ἡ krijt, gips, cement.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
γύψος: ἡ мел или известь Her., Plat., Anth.
Greek Monolingual
και ύψος, ο (AM γύψος)
συνηθισμένο θειικό ορυκτό, μεγάλης εμπορικής σημασίας, που αποτελείται από ένυδρο θειικό ασβέστιο.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Πρόκειται πιθ. για λέξη σημιτικής προέλευσης (πρβλ. ακκαδ. gassu, αραμ. gassā «γύψος»).
ΠΑΡ. γύψινος, γυψώνω (Α -ώ)
μσν.
γυψίον
μσν.- νεοελλ.
γυψώδης
νεοελλ.
γυψάδικο, γυψάς.
ΣΥΝΘ. μσν.-νεοελλ. γυψοειδής, γυψοπλάστης
νεοελλ.
γυψοκάμινος, γυψόκολλα, γυψοκονία, γυψοκονίαμα, γυψόκονις, γυψόλιθος, γυψομάρμαρο, γυψοπλαστική, γυψοποιός, γυψοπώλης, γυψοσανίδα, γυψουργός, γυψωρυχείο].
Greek Monotonic
γύψος: ἡ, κιμωλία, ασβεστόλιθος, σε Ηρόδ., Πλάτ.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
γύψος: ἡ, κιμωλία γῆ, Ἡρόδ. 7. 69, Πλάτ. Φαίδωνι 110C. ΙΙ. εἶδος ἀσβέστου μετ’ ὀξέος χαλκάνθου μεμιγμένης, gypsum, Θεόφρ. Λίθ. 64 κ ἑξ.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: gypsum, chalk, cement (Hdt.).
Derivatives: γυψίον (pap.), γυψική tax on plasterers (pap.), γύψινος (EM), γυψώδης (Sor.); denom. γυψόω plaster with gyprum, chalk over (Hdt.) with γύψωσις (Gp.) and γυψωτής (EM); γυψίζω id. with γυψισμός (pap.)
Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.X
Etymology: From Semitic?, s. Muß-Arnolt TransAmPhilAssoc. 23 (1892) 70.
Middle Liddell
chalk, Hdt., Plat.
Frisk Etymology German
γύψος: {gúpsos}
Grammar: f.
Meaning: Gips, Zement (Hdt., Pl., Thphr. usw.).
Derivative: Davon γυψίον (Pap.), γυψική Gipssteuer (Pap.), γύψινος (EM), γυψώδης (Sor.); denominative Verba: γυψόω mit Gips überziehen (Hdt. u. a.) mit γύψωσις (Gp.) und γυψωτής (EM); γυψίζω ib. mit γυψισμός (Pap.)
Etymology: Aus dem Semitischen, s. Muß-Arnolt TransAmPhilAssoc. 23 (1892) 70.
Page 1,336
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=εἶδος ἀσβεστώδους γῆς).
Translations
chalk
Afrikaans: kryt; Albanian: shkumës; Arabic: طَبْشُورَة; Armenian: կավիճ; Azerbaijani: təbaşir; Bashkir: аҡбур, бур; Belarusian: крэ́йда, мел; Bengali: সফেদা, সফেদ; Bulgarian: креда; Catalan: creta; Chinese Mandarin: 白堊, 白垩; Czech: křída; Danish: kridt; Dutch: krijt, krijtgesteente; Erzya: пор; Esperanto: kreto; Estonian: kriit; Faroese: krit; Finnish: liitukivi; French: craie; Friulian: ges; Galician: xiz; Georgian: ცარცი; German: Kreide; Greek: κιμωλία; Ancient Greek: γύψος; Greenlandic: allaat; Hindi: खड़िया; Hungarian: kréta; Icelandic: krítarsteinn; Indonesian: kapur; Ingrian: valaskivi; Irish: cailc; Italian: gesso, creta; Japanese: 白亜; Kalmyk: церд; Kamba: chokaa; Kazakh: бор; Khmer: ដីស; Kikuyu: shokaa; Korean: 백악(白堊); Kurdish Central Kurdish: گەچ; Kyrgyz: бор; Lao: ປູນ; Latin: creta; Latvian: krīts; Lithuanian: kreida; Luhya: echokaa; Luxembourgish: Kräid; Macedonian: креда, вар; Malay: kapur; Meru: ckoka, choka; Nepali: चूना; Norman: craie; Norwegian Bokmål: kritt; Nynorsk: krit; Oromo: boronqii; Pashto: تباشير; Persian: گچ; Plautdietsch: Kjried; Polish: kreda; Portuguese: gesso; Romanian: cretă; Russian: мел; Scottish Gaelic: cailc; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: креда, вапно; Roman: kréda, vápno; Slovak: krieda; Slovene: kreda; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: krida; Upper Spanish: creta; Swahili: chaki; Swedish: krita; Tagalog: tisa, yeso; Tajik: бӯр, табошир, гач; Telugu: సుద్ద; Thai: หินดินสอพอง; Turkish: tebeşir; Udi: мацӏикӏул; Ukrainian: крейда; Urdu: کهریا; Uyghur: بور; Uzbek: boʻr; Vietnamese: phấn, đá phấn; Vilamovian: krajd; Welsh: sialc; Yiddish: קרײַד; Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì
gypsum
Armenian: գիպս; Bulgarian: гипс; Catalan: guix, parrell; Chinese Mandarin: 石膏; Czech: sádrovec; Danish: gips; Dutch: gips; Esperanto: gipso; Estonian: kips; Finnish: kipsi; French: gypse; Galician: xeso, alxés, elso; Georgian: თაბაშირი; German: Gips; Greek: γύψος; Ancient Greek: γύψος; Hebrew: גֶּבֶס; Hindi: हरसौंठ, कुलनार; Hungarian: gipsz; Icelandic: gifs; Italian: gesso; Japanese: 石膏; Korean: 석고; Latin: gypsum; Latvian: ģipsis; Navajo: łeezh łigaaí; Norwegian Bokmål: gips; Nynorsk: gips; Persian: گچ; Polish: gips; Portuguese: gipsita; Russian: гипс; Spanish: yeso; Swedish: gips; Tagalog: yeso; Tamil: உறைகளிக்கல்; Thai: ยิปซัม, เกลือจืด; Turkish: alçı; Vietnamese: thạch cao; Welsh: gypswm, glyfaen
cement
Afrikaans: sement; Albanian: çimento; Amharic: ሲሚንቶ; Arabic: أَسْمَنْت; Egyptian Arabic: اسمنت; Armenian: ցեմենտ; Azerbaijani: sement; Basque: zemento, porlan; Belarusian: цэмент; Bengali: সিমেন্ট; Bulgarian: цимент; Burmese: အင်္ဂတေ; Catalan: ciment; Cherokee: ᏅᏯᎠᏰᏍᏓᎥ; Chichewa: simenti; Chinese Cantonese: 紅毛泥, 红毛泥, 水泥; Mandarin: 水泥, 洋灰, 士敏土; Cornish: lim; Czech: cement; Danish: cement; Dutch: cement; Estonian: tsement; Faroese: sement; Finnish: sementti; French: ciment; Galician: cemento; Georgian: ცემენტი; German: Zement; Greek: τσιμέντο; Haitian Creole: siman; Hebrew: צֶמֶנְט; Hindi: सीमेंट; Hungarian: cement; Hunsrik: Siment; Icelandic: sement; Indonesian: semen; Ingrian: tsementta; Irish: stroighin, suimint; Italian: cemento; Japanese: セメント; Kazakh: цемент; Khmer: ស៊ីម៉ងត៍; Korean: 시멘트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: چەمەنتۆ; Kyrgyz: цемент; Lao: ຊີມັງ; Latin: ferrumen, caementum; Latvian: cements; Lithuanian: cementas; Macedonian: цемент; Malagasy: simenitra; Malay: simen; Malayalam: സിമന്റ്; Maltese: simenta; Maori: raima; Mongolian: цемент; Norman: chînment; Norwegian Bokmål: sement; Persian: سیمان; Plautdietsch: Zemment; Polish: cement; Portuguese: cimento; Punjabi: ਸੀਮਿੰਟ; Romanian: ciment; Russian: цемент; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: цѐмент; Roman: cèment; Sinhalese: සිමෙන්ති; Slovak: cement; Slovene: cement; Spanish: cemento; Swahili: simiti, sementi; Tagalog: semento; Tajik: семент; Tamil: சிமிட்டி, பைஞ்சுதை; Thai: ซีเมนต์; Turkish: çimento; Turkmen: sement; Ukrainian: цемент; Urdu: سیمنٹ; Uzbek: tsement; Vietnamese: xi măng; Welsh: sment; Yiddish: צעמענט
