donum: Difference between revisions
ἀμείνω δ' αἴσιμα πάντα (Odyssey VII.310 / XV.71) → all things are better in moderation
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{{LaEn | |||
|lnetxt=donum doni N N :: [[gift]], [[present]]; [[offering]] | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>dōnum</b>: i, n. do,<br /><b>I</b> a [[gift]], [[present]].<br /><b>I</b> In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 138 sq.; id. Most. 1, 3, 27 sq.; id. Mil. 4, 2, 26; Cic. Clu. 9 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20; id. Lael. 15, 55 et saep.: dona mittunt et munera, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 121; so [[with]] [[munus]] (usu. dona muneraque, = [[bribery]]), id. Cist. 1, 1, 95; Cic. Clu. 24, 66; id. Arch. 8, 18; id. de Or. 2, 71; id. de Sen. 12, 40; Dig. 38, 1, 7 al.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[present]] brought to a [[deity]], a [[votive]] [[offering]], [[sacrifice]], Plaut. Rud. prol. 23; Lucr. 4, 1237; 6, 752; Cic. Rep. 2, 24 fin.; Liv. 2, 23; 5, 25; Verg. A. 3, 439 et saep.; cf. turea, offerings of [[incense]], Verg. A. 6, 225.—<br /> <b>B</b> Ultima or suprema dona, the [[last]] honors, [[funeral]] rites, [[obsequies]], Ov. H. 7, 192; Val. Fl. 2, 471; Sen. Hippol. 1273. | |lshtext=<b>dōnum</b>: i, n. do,<br /><b>I</b> a [[gift]], [[present]].<br /><b>I</b> In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 138 sq.; id. Most. 1, 3, 27 sq.; id. Mil. 4, 2, 26; Cic. Clu. 9 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20; id. Lael. 15, 55 et saep.: dona mittunt et munera, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 121; so [[with]] [[munus]] (usu. dona muneraque, = [[bribery]]), id. Cist. 1, 1, 95; Cic. Clu. 24, 66; id. Arch. 8, 18; id. de Or. 2, 71; id. de Sen. 12, 40; Dig. 38, 1, 7 al.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[present]] brought to a [[deity]], a [[votive]] [[offering]], [[sacrifice]], Plaut. Rud. prol. 23; Lucr. 4, 1237; 6, 752; Cic. Rep. 2, 24 fin.; Liv. 2, 23; 5, 25; Verg. A. 3, 439 et saep.; cf. turea, offerings of [[incense]], Verg. A. 6, 225.—<br /> <b>B</b> Ultima or suprema dona, the [[last]] honors, [[funeral]] rites, [[obsequies]], Ov. H. 7, 192; Val. Fl. 2, 471; Sen. Hippol. 1273. | ||
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{{Georges | {{Georges | ||
|georg=dōnum, ī, n. (v. dare), die [[Gabe]], das [[Geschenk]] [[des]] [[freien]] guten Willens (vgl. [[munus]]), I) im allg.: regale, Cic.: dona dotalia, Liv.: dona militaria, Caes., Sall. u.a.: dona nuptialia, Cic.: dona naturae, Cic.: eximia naturae dona, Plin.: deorum [[dono]] [[atque]] munere, Cic.: dona dare, [[Komik]]. u. Nep. (u. so dona dando, zus. = [[durch]] Schenken, Sen.): legem de donis et muneribus (Geschenke [[aller]] [[Art]] an die Sachwalter) ferre, Cic.: donis militaribus amplissime alqm donare, Caes.: [[certatim]] dona mittere et munera, Plaut.: alqd [[dono]] mittere alci, Perioch. Sulpic. ad Ter. eun. v. 8: id [[dono]] datur [[atque]] accipitur, Sall. fr.: alqm od. alqd [[dono]] dare alci, Ter.: [[pro]] magnis beneficiis animam [[dono]] dedisse, zum [[Opfer]] gebracht [[haben]], Sall. fr.: [[dono]] (zum Geschenke) [[emere]] [[eam]] (puellam) alci, Ter.: [[quae]] ([[examina]] [[apium]]) [[dono]] [[vel]] aucupio contingunt, die [[man]] zum G. bekommt [[oder]] [[selbst]] einfängt, Col. – dona ultima od. [[suprema]], »die [[letzte]] [[Ehre]]« die [[man]] den Verstorbenen [[durch]] [[Opfer]] u. dgl. erweist, Ov. u. Val. Flacc. – II) ([[wie]] [[δῶρον]]) insbes., a) das [[Weihgeschenk]] ([[ἀνάθημα]]), die Opfergabe, das [[Opfer]], dona templi, Quint.: dona turea, Verg.: [[eius]] victoriae [[ergo]] Apollini dona dare, Nep.: dona deûm templis ferre, Ov.: dona magnifica Delphos ad Apollinem mittere, Cic. – m. obj. Genet. ([[für]]), [[donum]] Apollinis, Liv. 5, 23, 8. – b) das [[Totenopfer]], dona feralia od. ultima, Ov.: exstincto cineri sua dona ferre, Ov. | |georg=dōnum, ī, n. (v. dare), die [[Gabe]], das [[Geschenk]] [[des]] [[freien]] guten Willens (vgl. [[munus]]), I) im allg.: regale, Cic.: dona dotalia, Liv.: dona militaria, Caes., Sall. u.a.: dona nuptialia, Cic.: dona naturae, Cic.: eximia naturae dona, Plin.: deorum [[dono]] [[atque]] munere, Cic.: dona dare, [[Komik]]. u. Nep. (u. so dona dando, zus. = [[durch]] Schenken, Sen.): legem de donis et muneribus (Geschenke [[aller]] [[Art]] an die Sachwalter) ferre, Cic.: donis militaribus amplissime alqm donare, Caes.: [[certatim]] dona mittere et munera, Plaut.: alqd [[dono]] mittere alci, Perioch. Sulpic. ad Ter. eun. v. 8: id [[dono]] datur [[atque]] accipitur, Sall. fr.: alqm od. alqd [[dono]] dare alci, Ter.: [[pro]] magnis beneficiis animam [[dono]] dedisse, zum [[Opfer]] gebracht [[haben]], Sall. fr.: [[dono]] (zum Geschenke) [[emere]] [[eam]] (puellam) alci, Ter.: [[quae]] ([[examina]] [[apium]]) [[dono]] [[vel]] aucupio contingunt, die [[man]] zum G. bekommt [[oder]] [[selbst]] einfängt, Col. – dona ultima od. [[suprema]], »die [[letzte]] [[Ehre]]« die [[man]] den Verstorbenen [[durch]] [[Opfer]] u. dgl. erweist, Ov. u. Val. Flacc. – II) ([[wie]] [[δῶρον]]) insbes., a) das [[Weihgeschenk]] ([[ἀνάθημα]]), die Opfergabe, das [[Opfer]], dona templi, Quint.: dona turea, Verg.: [[eius]] victoriae [[ergo]] Apollini dona dare, Nep.: dona deûm templis ferre, Ov.: dona magnifica Delphos ad Apollinem mittere, Cic. – m. obj. Genet. ([[für]]), [[donum]] Apollinis, Liv. 5, 23, 8. – b) das [[Totenopfer]], dona feralia od. ultima, Ov.: exstincto cineri sua dona ferre, Ov. | ||
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{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=donum, i. n. :: [[禮物]]。[[饋]]。[[贈]] | |||
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{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[gift]]=== | |||
Afrikaans: geskenk, present, kado; Albanian: dhuratë; Arabic: هَدِيَّة; Egyptian Arabic: هدية, كادو; Aragonese: regalo; Armenian: նվեր, ընծա; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܘܗܲܒ݂ܬܵܐ, ܕܲܫܢܵܐ, ܦܲܫܟܲܫ; Asturian: regalu; Avar: сайигъат; Azerbaijani: hədiyyə; Bashkir: бүләк, күстәнәс; Belarusian: падарунак, дар, гасці́нец, прэзент; Bengali: উপহার; Breton: prof; Bulgarian: подарък, дар; Burmese: ပဏ္ဏာ; Catalan: present, do, regal; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴻⵔⴹⵉ; Chechen: совгӏат; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏗ; Chichewa: mphatso; Chinese Cantonese: 禮物, 礼物; Dungan: лищин, ли; Hakka: 禮物, 礼物; Mandarin: 禮物, 礼物; Min Dong: 禮物, 礼物; Min Nan: 禮物, 礼物; Wu: 禮物, 礼物; Chuvash: парне, кучченеҫ; Crimean Tatar: tokuz; Czech: dar, dárek; Danish: gave; Dhivehi: ހަދިޔާ; Dutch: [[gift]], [[geschenk]], [[presentje]], [[cadeau]]; Esperanto: donaco; Estonian: and, kingitus; Faliscan: datu; Faroese: gáva; Finnish: lahja; French: [[présent]], [[cadeau]], [[don]]; Galician: regalo, agasallo, presente; Georgian: საჩუქარი, ძღვენი, ნაბოძები; German: [[Geschenk]], [[Präsent]], [[Spende]], [[Gabe]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂; Greek: [[δώρο]], [[δωρεά]], [[χάρισμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄγαλμα]], [[ἀκτή]], [[ἀποστολή]], [[ἀρραβών]], [[δεξίαμα]], [[δεξίωμα]], [[δόμα]], [[δονάτιβον]], [[δόσις]], [[δωνατίουον]], [[δωρεά]], [[δώρημα]], [[δῶρον]], [[δωροφορία]], [[δώς]], [[δωτίνη]], [[ἕδνον]], [[ἐκεχείριον]], [[ἐκέχειρον]], [[ἐξαλλαγή]], [[προσφορά]]; Gujarati: ભેટ, બક્ષિશ; Hawaiian: makana; Hebrew: מַתָּנָה, שַׁי; Hindi: उपहार, देन, बख़्शिश, सौग़ात, भेंट; Hungarian: ajándék; Icelandic: gjöf; Ido: donacajo; Indonesian: hadiah, kado; Ingush: совгӏат; Interlingua: dono; Irish: bronntanas, tabhartas, féirín; Italian: [[regalo]], [[dono]], [[presente]]; Japanese: 贈り物, 贈答品, プレゼント, ギフト, 進物, 礼物; Javanese: hadiah; Kannada: ಕೊಡುಗೆ; Kazakh: сый, сыйлық; Khmer: ជំនូន, អំណោយ; Korean: 선물(膳物), 프레젠트, 기프트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دیاری; Northern Kurdish: diyarî, hediye; Kyrgyz: сыйлык, белек; Ladin: bonaman; Lao: ຂວັນ, ຂອງຂວັນ, ຂອງຕ້ອນ, ເຄື່ອງຕ້ອນ, ຂອງຝາກ, ກຳນັນ; Latgalian: duovona; Latin: [[donum]], [[munus]], [[xenium]]; Latvian: dāvana; Lezgi: багъиш; Ligurian: regalu, cadò; Lithuanian: dovana; Luxembourgish: Geschenk, Cadeau, Kaddo, Don, Spend; Macedonian: подарок, дар; Malay: hadiah; Malayalam: സമ്മാനം; Maltese: rigal; Manx: gioot, tortys, nastey; Maore Comorian: zawadi; Maori: koha, kōpare, perehana; Marathi: भेटवस्तू; Marsian: dunom; Mongolian Cyrillic: бэлэг; Ngazidja Comorian: ɓambu, hiɗaya; Norman: persent, présent; Norwegian Bokmål: gave, presang; Nynorsk: gåve, presang; Occitan: present, don; Old English: ġiefu; Old Norse: gipt, gáfa, gjǫf; Old Swedish: gava; Oriya: ଦାନ; Ossetian: лӕвар; Pashto: ارمغان, بخشش, تارتوک, تحفه, هديه, پېشکش; Persian: هدیه, پیشکش, کادو; Plautdietsch: Gow, Jeschenkj; Polish: prezent, dar, podarunek, podarek; Portuguese: [[presente]], [[prenda]]; Punjabi: ਉਪਹਾਰ, ਤੋਹਫ਼ਾ; Romanian: cadou, dar; Romansch: regal; Russian: [[подарок]], [[дар]], [[презент]], [[гостинец]]; Sanskrit: मघ, उपहार, दान, दुवस्; Scottish Gaelic: tiodhlac; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: по̀клон, да̑р; Roman: pòklon, dȃr; Sicilian: rigalu, rijalu, prisenti; Sinhalese: තෑග්ග; Slovak: dar, darček; Slovene: darilo; Sotho: mpho; Spanish: [[regalo]], [[obsequio]]; Swahili: zawadi, kipawa; Swedish: present, gåva, skänk; Tagalog: regalo, bigay, pasalubong; Tajik: ҳадя, тӯҳфа, пешкаш, бахшиш; Tamil: பரிசு; Tatar: бүләк; Telugu: కానుక, బహుమతి; Thai: ของขวัญ, ของกำนัล, ของฝาก, กำนัล; Tibetan: རྔན་པ, ལག་རྟགས; Tocharian B: āyor; Tswana: mpho; Turkish: hediye, armağan; Turkmen: peşeş, zehin, sylag; Udmurt: кузьым; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎉𐎃, 𐎜𐎌𐎐; Ukrainian: подарунок, дарунок, дар, ралець, презент, гостинець; Urdu: تُحْفَہ, سَوْغات, ہَدِیَہ, بَخْشِش, عَطِیَّہ; Uyghur: سوۋغات, سوۋغا, تارتۇق, ھەدىيىلىك; Uzbek: sovg'a, tuhfa; Vestinian: duno; Vietnamese: quà, quà tặng, quà biếu; Volapük: legivot; Walloon: bistoke, cado, prezint; Welsh: anrheg; West Frisian: jefte; Wolof: yóobal; Xhosa: isipho; Yakut: бэлэх; Yiddish: גאָב, מתּנה, געשאַנק; Yoruba: ẹ̀bùn; Yup'ik: cikirun; Zazaki: hediye, peskes; Zulu: isipho, isiphiwo, umkhungo | |||
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Latest revision as of 09:01, 13 June 2024
Latin > English
donum doni N N :: gift, present; offering
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
dōnum: i, n. do,
I a gift, present.
I In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 138 sq.; id. Most. 1, 3, 27 sq.; id. Mil. 4, 2, 26; Cic. Clu. 9 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20; id. Lael. 15, 55 et saep.: dona mittunt et munera, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 121; so with munus (usu. dona muneraque, = bribery), id. Cist. 1, 1, 95; Cic. Clu. 24, 66; id. Arch. 8, 18; id. de Or. 2, 71; id. de Sen. 12, 40; Dig. 38, 1, 7 al.—
II In partic.
A A present brought to a deity, a votive offering, sacrifice, Plaut. Rud. prol. 23; Lucr. 4, 1237; 6, 752; Cic. Rep. 2, 24 fin.; Liv. 2, 23; 5, 25; Verg. A. 3, 439 et saep.; cf. turea, offerings of incense, Verg. A. 6, 225.—
B Ultima or suprema dona, the last honors, funeral rites, obsequies, Ov. H. 7, 192; Val. Fl. 2, 471; Sen. Hippol. 1273.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
dōnum,⁷ ī, n. (dare), don, présent : Cic. Clu. 66 ; Arch. 18, etc.; ultima dona Ov. H. 7, 192, les derniers devoirs, les funérailles || offrande faite aux dieux : Cic. Rep. 2, 44 ; Virg. En. 6, 225 ; Apollinis donum Liv. 5, 23, 8, don fait à Apollon, cf. 41, 20, 5.
Latin > German (Georges)
dōnum, ī, n. (v. dare), die Gabe, das Geschenk des freien guten Willens (vgl. munus), I) im allg.: regale, Cic.: dona dotalia, Liv.: dona militaria, Caes., Sall. u.a.: dona nuptialia, Cic.: dona naturae, Cic.: eximia naturae dona, Plin.: deorum dono atque munere, Cic.: dona dare, Komik. u. Nep. (u. so dona dando, zus. = durch Schenken, Sen.): legem de donis et muneribus (Geschenke aller Art an die Sachwalter) ferre, Cic.: donis militaribus amplissime alqm donare, Caes.: certatim dona mittere et munera, Plaut.: alqd dono mittere alci, Perioch. Sulpic. ad Ter. eun. v. 8: id dono datur atque accipitur, Sall. fr.: alqm od. alqd dono dare alci, Ter.: pro magnis beneficiis animam dono dedisse, zum Opfer gebracht haben, Sall. fr.: dono (zum Geschenke) emere eam (puellam) alci, Ter.: quae (examina apium) dono vel aucupio contingunt, die man zum G. bekommt oder selbst einfängt, Col. – dona ultima od. suprema, »die letzte Ehre« die man den Verstorbenen durch Opfer u. dgl. erweist, Ov. u. Val. Flacc. – II) (wie δῶρον) insbes., a) das Weihgeschenk (ἀνάθημα), die Opfergabe, das Opfer, dona templi, Quint.: dona turea, Verg.: eius victoriae ergo Apollini dona dare, Nep.: dona deûm templis ferre, Ov.: dona magnifica Delphos ad Apollinem mittere, Cic. – m. obj. Genet. (für), donum Apollinis, Liv. 5, 23, 8. – b) das Totenopfer, dona feralia od. ultima, Ov.: exstincto cineri sua dona ferre, Ov.
Latin > Chinese
Translations
gift
Afrikaans: geskenk, present, kado; Albanian: dhuratë; Arabic: هَدِيَّة; Egyptian Arabic: هدية, كادو; Aragonese: regalo; Armenian: նվեր, ընծա; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܘܗܲܒ݂ܬܵܐ, ܕܲܫܢܵܐ, ܦܲܫܟܲܫ; Asturian: regalu; Avar: сайигъат; Azerbaijani: hədiyyə; Bashkir: бүләк, күстәнәс; Belarusian: падарунак, дар, гасці́нец, прэзент; Bengali: উপহার; Breton: prof; Bulgarian: подарък, дар; Burmese: ပဏ္ဏာ; Catalan: present, do, regal; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴻⵔⴹⵉ; Chechen: совгӏат; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏗ; Chichewa: mphatso; Chinese Cantonese: 禮物, 礼物; Dungan: лищин, ли; Hakka: 禮物, 礼物; Mandarin: 禮物, 礼物; Min Dong: 禮物, 礼物; Min Nan: 禮物, 礼物; Wu: 禮物, 礼物; Chuvash: парне, кучченеҫ; Crimean Tatar: tokuz; Czech: dar, dárek; Danish: gave; Dhivehi: ހަދިޔާ; Dutch: gift, geschenk, presentje, cadeau; Esperanto: donaco; Estonian: and, kingitus; Faliscan: datu; Faroese: gáva; Finnish: lahja; French: présent, cadeau, don; Galician: regalo, agasallo, presente; Georgian: საჩუქარი, ძღვენი, ნაბოძები; German: Geschenk, Präsent, Spende, Gabe; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂; Greek: δώρο, δωρεά, χάρισμα; Ancient Greek: ἄγαλμα, ἀκτή, ἀποστολή, ἀρραβών, δεξίαμα, δεξίωμα, δόμα, δονάτιβον, δόσις, δωνατίουον, δωρεά, δώρημα, δῶρον, δωροφορία, δώς, δωτίνη, ἕδνον, ἐκεχείριον, ἐκέχειρον, ἐξαλλαγή, προσφορά; Gujarati: ભેટ, બક્ષિશ; Hawaiian: makana; Hebrew: מַתָּנָה, שַׁי; Hindi: उपहार, देन, बख़्शिश, सौग़ात, भेंट; Hungarian: ajándék; Icelandic: gjöf; Ido: donacajo; Indonesian: hadiah, kado; Ingush: совгӏат; Interlingua: dono; Irish: bronntanas, tabhartas, féirín; Italian: regalo, dono, presente; Japanese: 贈り物, 贈答品, プレゼント, ギフト, 進物, 礼物; Javanese: hadiah; Kannada: ಕೊಡುಗೆ; Kazakh: сый, сыйлық; Khmer: ជំនូន, អំណោយ; Korean: 선물(膳物), 프레젠트, 기프트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دیاری; Northern Kurdish: diyarî, hediye; Kyrgyz: сыйлык, белек; Ladin: bonaman; Lao: ຂວັນ, ຂອງຂວັນ, ຂອງຕ້ອນ, ເຄື່ອງຕ້ອນ, ຂອງຝາກ, ກຳນັນ; Latgalian: duovona; Latin: donum, munus, xenium; Latvian: dāvana; Lezgi: багъиш; Ligurian: regalu, cadò; Lithuanian: dovana; Luxembourgish: Geschenk, Cadeau, Kaddo, Don, Spend; Macedonian: подарок, дар; Malay: hadiah; Malayalam: സമ്മാനം; Maltese: rigal; Manx: gioot, tortys, nastey; Maore Comorian: zawadi; Maori: koha, kōpare, perehana; Marathi: भेटवस्तू; Marsian: dunom; Mongolian Cyrillic: бэлэг; Ngazidja Comorian: ɓambu, hiɗaya; Norman: persent, présent; Norwegian Bokmål: gave, presang; Nynorsk: gåve, presang; Occitan: present, don; Old English: ġiefu; Old Norse: gipt, gáfa, gjǫf; Old Swedish: gava; Oriya: ଦାନ; Ossetian: лӕвар; Pashto: ارمغان, بخشش, تارتوک, تحفه, هديه, پېشکش; Persian: هدیه, پیشکش, کادو; Plautdietsch: Gow, Jeschenkj; Polish: prezent, dar, podarunek, podarek; Portuguese: presente, prenda; Punjabi: ਉਪਹਾਰ, ਤੋਹਫ਼ਾ; Romanian: cadou, dar; Romansch: regal; Russian: подарок, дар, презент, гостинец; Sanskrit: मघ, उपहार, दान, दुवस्; Scottish Gaelic: tiodhlac; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: по̀клон, да̑р; Roman: pòklon, dȃr; Sicilian: rigalu, rijalu, prisenti; Sinhalese: තෑග්ග; Slovak: dar, darček; Slovene: darilo; Sotho: mpho; Spanish: regalo, obsequio; Swahili: zawadi, kipawa; Swedish: present, gåva, skänk; Tagalog: regalo, bigay, pasalubong; Tajik: ҳадя, тӯҳфа, пешкаш, бахшиш; Tamil: பரிசு; Tatar: бүләк; Telugu: కానుక, బహుమతి; Thai: ของขวัญ, ของกำนัล, ของฝาก, กำนัล; Tibetan: རྔན་པ, ལག་རྟགས; Tocharian B: āyor; Tswana: mpho; Turkish: hediye, armağan; Turkmen: peşeş, zehin, sylag; Udmurt: кузьым; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎉𐎃, 𐎜𐎌𐎐; Ukrainian: подарунок, дарунок, дар, ралець, презент, гостинець; Urdu: تُحْفَہ, سَوْغات, ہَدِیَہ, بَخْشِش, عَطِیَّہ; Uyghur: سوۋغات, سوۋغا, تارتۇق, ھەدىيىلىك; Uzbek: sovg'a, tuhfa; Vestinian: duno; Vietnamese: quà, quà tặng, quà biếu; Volapük: legivot; Walloon: bistoke, cado, prezint; Welsh: anrheg; West Frisian: jefte; Wolof: yóobal; Xhosa: isipho; Yakut: бэлэх; Yiddish: גאָב, מתּנה, געשאַנק; Yoruba: ẹ̀bùn; Yup'ik: cikirun; Zazaki: hediye, peskes; Zulu: isipho, isiphiwo, umkhungo
