κάρυον: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=karyon | |Transliteration C=karyon | ||
|Beta Code=ka/ruon | |Beta Code=ka/ruon | ||
|Definition=[ᾰ], τό, any kind of <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> [[nut]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>58</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1056</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.9.21</span>; <b class="b3">κάρυα</b>, = [[ἀκρόδρυα]], <span class="bibl">Ath.2.52a</span> (but τὰ κ. ἢ… τὰ ἀκρόδρυα <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span> 11.4</span>); <b class="b3">κ. πλατέα</b>, i.e. [[filberts]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.29</span>; esp. of [[walnuts]], <span class="bibl">Batr. 31</span>, <span class="bibl">Epich.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Philyll.25</span>, Gal.6.609; but this is prop. <b class="b3">κ. βασιλικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.96</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>13.6</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc.1.125; or <b class="b3">Περσικόν</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">κ. Εὐβοϊκόν</b> | |Definition=[ᾰ], τό, any kind of <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> [[nut]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>58</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1056</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.9.21</span>; <b class="b3">κάρυα</b>, = [[ἀκρόδρυα]], <span class="bibl">Ath.2.52a</span> (but τὰ κ. ἢ… τὰ ἀκρόδρυα <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span> 11.4</span>); <b class="b3">κ. πλατέα</b>, i.e. [[filberts]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.29</span>; esp. of [[walnuts]], <span class="bibl">Batr. 31</span>, <span class="bibl">Epich.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Philyll.25</span>, Gal.6.609; but this is prop. <b class="b3">κ. βασιλικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.96</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>13.6</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc.1.125; or <b class="b3">Περσικόν</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">κ. Εὐβοϊκόν</b> [[sweet chestnut]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.11.3</span>,<span class="bibl">4.5.4</span>; also <b class="b3">κασταναϊκόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.8.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.43</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Ἡρακλεωτικόν</b> [[filbert]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.2.1</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1013.19; also κ. Ποντικόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>12.48</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc. 1.125, Ruf. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.8.47.20</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πικρά</b> [[almonds]], Archig. ap.Gal.12.409, Erot. s.v. [[νίωπον]]; so κ. alone, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Nu.</span>17.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.162</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">nut-shaped boss</b> as ornament, <span class="title">OGI</span>214.49 (Branchidae, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> [[stone]], [[kernel]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.9.5</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κοκκυμήλου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> [[seed]] of conifers, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">CP</span>1.19.1</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πιτύϊνα</b> pine-[[kernels]], <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.127</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = [[ἠρύγγη]], Dsc.3.21.</span> | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[nut]] (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρυο-ναύτης</b> [[wo sails in a nut]] (Lyc.); <b class="b3">καρυό-φυλλον</b> <b class="b2">dried flower-but of the clove, Eugenia caryophyllata</b> (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. <b class="b2">kaṭuka-phalam</b>?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">καρύα</b> f. <b class="b2">walnut-tree</b>, esp. [[hazel]], [[Corylus avellana]] (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: <b class="b3">καρύδιον</b> (Philyll. 19) with <b class="b3">καρυδόω</b> [[castrate]], <b class="b3">καρύδωσις</b> (Hippiatr.); <b class="b3">καρυΐσκος</b> (LXX). 3. Adject.: <b class="b3">καρύ-ϊνος</b> <b class="b2">of nuts, nut-brown etc.</b>, <b class="b3">-ώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">nut-like</b> (hell.); <b class="b3">καρυωτός</b> <b class="b2">with nut-like hump or fruit</b> (= <b class="b2">date-tree</b>), <b class="b3">καρυῶτις</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of date</b> (hell.); substant. <b class="b3">καρυΐτης</b> <b class="b2">kind of Euphorbia</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 72). 4. Adverb: <b class="b3">καρυηδόν</b> | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[nut]] (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρυο-ναύτης</b> [[wo sails in a nut]] (Lyc.); <b class="b3">καρυό-φυλλον</b> <b class="b2">dried flower-but of the clove, Eugenia caryophyllata</b> (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. <b class="b2">kaṭuka-phalam</b>?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">καρύα</b> f. <b class="b2">walnut-tree</b>, esp. [[hazel]], [[Corylus avellana]] (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: <b class="b3">καρύδιον</b> (Philyll. 19) with <b class="b3">καρυδόω</b> [[castrate]], <b class="b3">καρύδωσις</b> (Hippiatr.); <b class="b3">καρυΐσκος</b> (LXX). 3. Adject.: <b class="b3">καρύ-ϊνος</b> <b class="b2">of nuts, nut-brown etc.</b>, <b class="b3">-ώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">nut-like</b> (hell.); <b class="b3">καρυωτός</b> <b class="b2">with nut-like hump or fruit</b> (= <b class="b2">date-tree</b>), <b class="b3">καρυῶτις</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of date</b> (hell.); substant. <b class="b3">καρυΐτης</b> <b class="b2">kind of Euphorbia</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 72). 4. Adverb: <b class="b3">καρυηδόν</b> [[like nuts]] (medic.). 5. Verb: <b class="b3">καρυατίζω</b> <b class="b2">play with nuts</b> (Ph.; after the verbs in <b class="b3">-ατίζω</b>). - A further plural-form in <b class="b3">καρυήματα κάρυα</b>. <b class="b3">Λάκωνες</b> H. (after <b class="b3">τραγήματα</b> a. o.; Schwyzer 523, Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: All compared words differ from <b class="b3">κάρυον</b> and from one amother: Lat. [[carīna]] [[ships keel]] (since Enn. and Plaut.), [[shell of a nut]] (Plin.), Welsh [[ceri]] (< <b class="b2">*carīso-</b>) <b class="b2">pit of fruit</b>; Skt. <b class="b2">karaka-</b> m. <b class="b2">(shell of the) coco(a)-nut</b> (lex.), <b class="b2">jar for water</b>. Other doubts are: for Lat. [[carīna]] a Greek loan (from <b class="b3">καρύϊνος</b> = *`like a nut-shell' > [[ships keel]]?) as been supposed (W.-Hofmann s. v.); the priority of the meaning <b class="b2">coco-nut</b> beside <b class="b2">water-jar</b> for <b class="b2">karaka-</b> is doubted by Mayrhofer, see EWAia III 59 (later form). - The connection with a group <b class="b2">*kar-</b> [[heart]] (Pok. 531f.) is completely hypothetical. - Beside it occurs <b class="b3">ἄρυα τὰ ΏΗρακλεωτικὰ κάρυα</b> H., which suggests a Pre-Greek form, Fur. 591. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
Revision as of 21:10, 30 June 2020
English (LSJ)
[ᾰ], τό, any kind of
A nut, Ar.V.58, Pl.1056, Theoc.9.21; κάρυα, = ἀκρόδρυα, Ath.2.52a (but τὰ κ. ἢ… τὰ ἀκρόδρυα Thphr.Char. 11.4); κ. πλατέα, i.e. filberts, X.An.5.4.29; esp. of walnuts, Batr. 31, Epich.150, Philyll.25, Gal.6.609; but this is prop. κ. βασιλικόν, Thphr.CP4.2.1, Agatharch.96, PCair.Zen.13.6 (iii B. C.), Dsc.1.125; or Περσικόν ibid.; κ. Εὐβοϊκόν sweet chestnut, Thphr.HP1.11.3,4.5.4; also κασταναϊκόν ib.4.8.11, Agatharch.43; κ. Ἡρακλεωτικόν filbert, Thphr.CP4.2.1, IG22.1013.19; also κ. Ποντικόν PCair.Zen.12.48 (iii B. C.), Dsc. 1.125, Ruf. ap. Orib.8.47.20; κ. πικρά almonds, Archig. ap.Gal.12.409, Erot. s.v. νίωπον; so κ. alone, LXXNu.17.8, Ph.2.162. 2 nut-shaped boss as ornament, OGI214.49 (Branchidae, iii B. C.). II stone, kernel, Thphr.HP3.9.5; κ. κοκκυμήλου ib.4.2.5. 2 seed of conifers, Id.CP1.19.1; κ. πιτύϊνα pine-kernels, Diocl.Fr.127. III = ἠρύγγη, Dsc.3.21.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1331] τό, die Nuß, bes. die Wallnuß, Theophr.; Εὐβοϊκόν, Kastanie, bei Xen. An. 5, 5, 29 umschrieben τὰ πλατέα οὐκ ἔχοντα διαφυὴν οὐδεμίαν, wie auch Poll. 1, 232 die καστάνια erkl.; vgl. D. Sic. 14, 30; λεπτόν oder ποντικόν, Haselnuß; der Stein der Steinfrüchte, der Kern der Fichtenzapfen, Diosc. – In der Mechanik ein Kloben, über den ein Seil gewunden in eine Nuß geht.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κάρυον: ᾰ, τό, (ἴδε ἐν λ. κραναός), πᾶς καρπὸς ὅμοιος καρύῳ, Ἀριστοφ. Σφ. 58, Πλ. 1056, Ξεν. Ἀν. 5. 4, 29· διακρίνονται δὲ εἰς διάφορα εἴδη, ὡς κάρ. βασιλικὰ ἢ Περσικά, τὰ «καρύδια», Διοσκ. 1. 178, καλούμενα καὶ ἁπλῶς κάρυα Βατραχομυομ. 31, Ἐπίχ., κτλ., πρβλ. Ἀθήν. 52A· κάρυα κασταναϊκὰ ἢ κασταναῖα, τὰ κάστανα (ἴδε ἐν λ. κάστανα), καλούμενα καὶ κάρ. Εὐβοϊκὰ Θεοφρ. π. Φυτ. Ἱστ. 4. 5, 4· κάρ. Ἡρακλεωτικά, τὰ λεπτοκάρυα ἢ «λεφτόκαρα», Τουρκ. «φουντούκια», Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 123. 19, καλούμενα προσέτι καὶ Ποντικὰ ἢ λεπτὰ Διοσκ. 1. 179· κάρ. πικρά, πικρὰ ἀμύγδαλα, «πικραμύγδαλα», Ἀρχιγ. παρὰ Γαλην. ΙΙ. ὁ πυρὴν καρπῶν τινων καὶ ἰδίως ὁ ἐν τῷ κώνῳ πίτυος, Θεοφ. π. Φυτ. Ἱστ. 3. 9, 5, κτλ. ΙΙΙ. ἐν τῇ μηχανικῇ, εἶδος τροχαλίας, Math. Vett. σ. 44.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (τό) :
noix ou noisette, fruit.
Étymologie: cf. skr. karakas « noix de coco ».
Greek Monotonic
κάρῠον: [ᾰ], τό, κάθε είδους καρύδι, σε Αριστοφ., Ξεν.· διακρινόμενο σε ποικίλα είδη, όπως κ. βασιλικά ή Περσικά, τα καρύδια, ονομάζονται και απλώς κάρυα, σε Βατραχομ.· κ. κασταναϊκά ή κασταναῖα, τα κάστανα κ.λπ.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
κάρυον -ου, τό noot (van plant, boom).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κάρυον: (ᾰ) τό орех (преимущ. грецкий) Batr., Xen. etc.: κ. Εὐβοϊκόν или κ. πλατύ Xen. «эвбейский орех», каштан.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: nut (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).
Compounds: Compp., e. g. καρυο-ναύτης wo sails in a nut (Lyc.); καρυό-φυλλον dried flower-but of the clove, Eugenia caryophyllata (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. kaṭuka-phalam?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).
Derivatives: 1. καρύα f. walnut-tree, esp. hazel, Corylus avellana (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: καρύδιον (Philyll. 19) with καρυδόω castrate, καρύδωσις (Hippiatr.); καρυΐσκος (LXX). 3. Adject.: καρύ-ϊνος of nuts, nut-brown etc., -ώδης, -ηρός nut-like (hell.); καρυωτός with nut-like hump or fruit (= date-tree), καρυῶτις f. kind of date (hell.); substant. καρυΐτης kind of Euphorbia (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en -της 72). 4. Adverb: καρυηδόν like nuts (medic.). 5. Verb: καρυατίζω play with nuts (Ph.; after the verbs in -ατίζω). - A further plural-form in καρυήματα κάρυα. Λάκωνες H. (after τραγήματα a. o.; Schwyzer 523, Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: All compared words differ from κάρυον and from one amother: Lat. carīna ships keel (since Enn. and Plaut.), shell of a nut (Plin.), Welsh ceri (< *carīso-) pit of fruit; Skt. karaka- m. (shell of the) coco(a)-nut (lex.), jar for water. Other doubts are: for Lat. carīna a Greek loan (from καρύϊνος = *`like a nut-shell' > ships keel?) as been supposed (W.-Hofmann s. v.); the priority of the meaning coco-nut beside water-jar for karaka- is doubted by Mayrhofer, see EWAia III 59 (later form). - The connection with a group *kar- heart (Pok. 531f.) is completely hypothetical. - Beside it occurs ἄρυα τὰ ΏΗρακλεωτικὰ κάρυα H., which suggests a Pre-Greek form, Fur. 591.
Middle Liddell
κά˘ρυον, ου, τό,
any kind of nut, Ar., Xen.; distinguished into various kinds, as κ. βασιλικά or Περσικά, walnuts, also called simply κάρυα, Batr.; κ. κασταναϊκά or κασταναῖα chestnuts, etc.
Frisk Etymology German
κάρυον: {káruon}
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Nuß (Epich., Ar., Thphr. usw.).
Composita : Kompp., z. B. καρυσναύτης der in einer Nuß fährt (Lyk.); καρυόφυλλον getrocknete Blumenknospe des Gewürznelkenbaums, Eugenia caryophyllata (Mediz.), volksetymologische Umbildung eines Fremdworts (aind. kaṭuka-phalam?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11 m. Lit.).
Derivative: Mehrere Ableitungen. 1. καρύα f. Nußbaum, bes. Hasel, Corylus avellana (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; zum Genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Deminutiva: καρύδιον (Philyll. 19) mit καρυδόω kastrieren, καρύδωσις (Hippiatr.); καρυΐσκος (LXX). 3. Adjektiva: καρύϊνος aus Nüssen, nußbraun, -ώδης, -ηρός nußähnlich (hell.); καρυωτός ‘mit nußähnlichem Buckel bzw. Frucht versehen’ (= Dattelbaum), καρυῶτις f. Art Dattel (hell. u. spät); substantivisch καρυΐτης Art Euphorbia (Dsk.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en -της 72). 4. Adverb: καρυηδόν in einer nußähnlichen Weise (Mediz.). 5. Verb: καρυατίζω mit Nüssen spielen (Ph.; nach den Verba auf -ατίζω). — Eine erweiterte Pluralform liegt endlich vor in καρυήματα· κάρυα. Λάκωνες H. (nach τραγήματα u. a.; Schwyzer 523 m. Lit., Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).
Etymology : Alle zum Vergleich herangezogenen Wörter weichen hinsichtlich der Stammbildung sowohl von κάρυον wie von einander stark ab: lat. carīna Schiffskiel (seit Enn. und Plaut.), Nußschale (seit Plin.), kymr. ceri (< *carīso-) Obstkern; aind. karaka- m. ‘(Schale der) Kokosnuß’ (Lex.), Wasserkrug. Andere Bedenken kommen hinzu: für lat. carīna ist griechische Entlehnung (aus καρύϊνος = *nußschalenartig > Schiffskiel?) vermutet worden (W.-Hofmann s. v. m. Lit.); die Priorität der Bedeutung Kokosnuß gegenüber Wasserkrug bei aind. karaka- wird bei Mayrhofer Wb. angezweifelt. — Die Anknüpfung an eine Wortgruppe qar- hart (WP. 1, 354f., Pok. 531f.) ist ganz hypothetisch.
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