ὀστέον: Difference between revisions
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|elrutext='''ὀστέον:''' стяж. [[ὀστοῦν]] τό кость (σάρκες τε καὶ ὀστέα Hom.; [[ὀστᾶ]] καὶ [[νεῦρα]] Plat.). | |elrutext='''ὀστέον:''' стяж. [[ὀστοῦν]] τό кость (σάρκες τε καὶ ὀστέα Hom.; [[ὀστᾶ]] καὶ [[νεῦρα]] Plat.). | ||
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{{etym | |||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[bone]] (Il.), also <b class="b2">stone of fruit</b> (pap. IIIa.; s. below).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">ὀστοῦν</b>, Aeol. pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b>, Dor. (Theoc.) <b class="b3">-ία</b>.<br />Compounds: Few compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀστ(ε)ο-κόπος</b> m. name of <b class="b2">a bone-disease</b> (Hp., Thphr., Gal.), <b class="b3">ὁλ-όστεον</b> n. <b class="b2">Plantago Bellardi</b>, prop. subst. bahuvrihi "consisting only of bones", from its healing power; cf. <b class="b3">ὀστεο-κόλλος</b> f. and Strömberg Pflanzenn. 88 f. a. 32.<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: <b class="b3">ὀστ-άριον</b> n. (medic.), <b class="b3">-αρίδιον</b> n. (Pall.); adj. <b class="b3">-έϊνος</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> (Ar. Ach. 863 [Boeot.], Arist.), <b class="b3">-όϊνος</b> (Aq.) <b class="b2">made of bone</b>, <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">-εώδης</b> (Plu.) [[bony]]; <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. <b class="b2">belonging to the bones</b> (Ruf.; Redard 101).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [783] <b class="b2">*h₃estH-</b> [[bone]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[bone]], in several languages in varying form retained. An orig. consonantstam, seen in Av. <b class="b2">ast-</b> (e.g. gen. <b class="b2">ast-ō</b>, acc. <b class="b2">as-ča</b> < <b class="b2">*ast-ča</b>) and in Lat. [[os]] ( = [[oss]], from <b class="b2">*ost</b>), gen. <b class="b2">oss-is</b> , was in other languages in diff. ways transformed, e.g. in Skt. nom. acc. <b class="b2">ásth-i</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asth-n-ás</b> with [[i]] : <b class="b2">n-</b>interchange, in Hitt. <b class="b2">ḫašt-ai</b>, gen. <b class="b2">ḫaštii̯-as</b> with ablaut [[ai]] : [[i]]. Greek <b class="b3">ὀστ-έον</b> remainds of Skt. <b class="b2">hŕ̥d-ayam</b> [[heart]] beside <b class="b2">hā́rd-i</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (s. <b class="b3">καρδία</b>) and so goes back on <b class="b3">-ειον</b>; Sommer Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 426f.); cf. further Venet. [[ostiiakon]] [[ossuarium]]. -- Further forms from several languages w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 185 f., Pok. 783, W.-Hofmann s. [[os]]; also v. Windekens ZDMG 110,314ff. (on Toch. B [[āst]]) and Hamp Word 9, 138ff.; on <b class="b3">ὀστέον</b> esp. Schwyzer 518 a. 298. The meaning <b class="b2">kernel (stone) of a fruit</b> as a parallel innovation also in Skt. <b class="b2">ásthi</b>; cf. Mayrhofer s.v. -- Not to [[ὄστρακον]], [[ἀστράγαλος]], [[ἀστακός]], [[ὀστρύα]], <b class="b3">ὀσφύς</b>. | |||
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Revision as of 06:53, 3 January 2019
English (LSJ)
τό, Att. contr. ὀστοῦν, poet. ὀστεῦν AP7.480 (Leon.); Aeol. perh. ὄστιον Alc.Oxy.2081 (
A d)Fr.5: pl. ὀστέα, Att. contr. ὀστᾶ, late Ep. ὀστά [ᾰ] Opp.C.1.268, Epigr.in D.L.1.63, Epigr.Gr.517.7 (Edessa); Dor. ὀστία Theoc.2.61; but Trag. and Com. use gen. pl. ὀστέων, A.Fr.367 (codd. Poll.), S.Tr.769, Ar.Ach.1226, and it is so written in E.Tr.1177 where metre requires ὀστῶν: and the uncontr. forms generally occur in later Prose, as in Arist. (v. infr.); nom. ὀστέον PLit.Lond.167.17(ii/iii A. D.); dat. pl. ὀστέοις Diog.Oen.39; Ep. gen. pl. ὀστεόφιν (v. infr.):—bone, freq. in Hom. (Il.4.460, al.) and Hp. (VC1, al.); Hes. only in pl., Th.540, al.; λεύκ' ὀστέα the bleached bones of the dead, Od.1.161, etc.; σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα 9.293; πολὺς δ' ἀμφ' ὀστεόφιν θίς a huge heap of bones around, 12.45; ῥινὸν ἀπ' ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι 14.134; γυμνοῦσι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν κρεῶν Hdt.4.61; ὀστέων στέγαστρον, of the skin, A.Fr.367; ἀρχὴ τῶν ὀστῶν ἡ καλουμένη ῥάχις Arist.PA54b11; esp. of the cranium, Hp.VC2, al., cf. Il. 12.185. II metaph., γῆς ὀστέοισιν ἐγχριμφθεὶς πόδα, i.e. rocks, Choeril.Trag.2 (ὀστοῖσιν Nauck). III stone of fruit, ὀστῶν περσεΐνων PCair.Zen.176.168 (iii B. C.), cf. Dsc.Eup.1.66, Gp.10.13.3, al., Sch.Nic.Al.99. [Accent ὀστέον Hdn.Gr.2.943, but ὄστεον Anon. ap. Sch.Il.24.793.] (Cf. Skt. ´sthi, gen. asthn´s 'bone', etc.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 398] τό, att. zsgzgn ὀστοῦν u. ὀστεῦν, Leon. Tar. 68 Antp. Sid. 83 (VII, 480. 218), plur. ὀστέα, zsgzgn ὀστᾶ, wofür Opp. wie von ὀστόν auch ὀστά hat, Cyn. 1, 268; der Knochen, das Gebein; ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα μυελόεντα, Od. 9, 293; οὗ δή που λευκ' ὀστέα πύθεται ὄμβρῳ, 1, 161, öfter, wie auch bei Hes. die λευκὰ ὀστέα das weiße vom Fleisch entblößte Gebein der Todten sind; Aesch. frg. 360; ἦλθε δ' ὀστέων ὀδαγμὸς ἀντίσπαστος, Soph. Trach. 766; σαρκῶν, ὀστέων τ' ἐμπλησθῶ, Eur. Hec. 1071; σάρκες ἀπ' ὀστέων ἔῤῥεον, Med. 1200, öfter; u. in Prosa überall, ξύγκειταί μοι τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ νεύρων, Plat. Phaed. 98 c; Folgde. – Bei Theophr. auch der Stein im Obst.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ὀστέον: τό, Ἀττ. συνῃρ. ὀστοῦν, ποιητ. ὀστεῦν Ἀνθολ. Π. 7. 480· πληθ. ὀστέα, Ἀττ. συνῃρ. ὀστᾶ, Ἐπικ. ὀστᾶ [ᾱ] Ὀππ. Κυν. 1. 268, Ἐπίγραμμ. παρὰ Διογ. Λ. 1. 63, πρβλ. Ἑλλ. Ἐπιγράμμ. 517. 7· - ἀλλ’ Ἀττ. ποιηταὶ χρῶνται τῇ γεν. πληθ. ὀστέων, χάριν τοῦ μέτρου, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 355, Σοφ. Τρ. 769, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 1126, καὶ οὕτω φέρεται ἐν Εὐρ. Τρῳ. 1177, ἔνθα τὸ μέτρον ἀπαιτεῖ ὀστῶν· οἱ δὲ ἀσυναίρετοι τύποι συνήθως ἀπαντῶσι παρὰ μεταγενεστέροις πεζογράφοις, Ἐπικ. γεν. πληθ. ὀστεόφιν (ἴδε κατωτ.). Ὀστοῦν, κοινῶς «κόκκαλον», συχν. παρ’ ὁμήρ. καὶ Ἡροδ., ἀλλ’ οὐχὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀττ. τύπῳ· παρ’ Ἡσ. μόνον ἐν τῷ πληθ., Ἀσπὶς Ἡρ. 152, Θέογν. 540. 55, 557· λευκὰ ὀστέα, τὰ τῶν νεκρῶν τὰ λευκανθέντα ἐκ τῆς βροχῆς καὶ τοῦ ἡλίου, Ὀδ. Α. 161, κτλ.· σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα Ι. 293· πολὺς δ’ ἀμφ’ ὀστεόφιν θίς, μέγας σωρὸς ὀστῶν πέριξ, Μ. 45· ῥινὸν ἀπ’ ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι Ξ. 134· ὀστέων στέγαστρον, τὸ δέρμα, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 355· - ἐν χρήσει παρ’ Ἀριστ. ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ὀστῶν πλὴν τῆς σπονδυλικῆς στήλης (ῥάχις), π. Ζ. Μορ. 2. 9, 4, πρβλ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 3. 9, 10. ΙΙ. μεταφ., γῆς ὀστέοισιν ἐγχριμφθεὶς πόδα, δηλ. εἰς τοὺς βράχους, Ποιητὴς παρ’ Εὐστ. 309. 44· - ὁ πυρὴν (τὸ «κουκούτσι») καρποῦ, Διοσκ. 6. 22, Σχόλ. εἰς Νικ. Ἀλεξιφ. 98. (Ἐντεῦθεν ὀστέϊνος, ὄστινος, κτλ.· πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ast-hi, as-than· Ζενδ. aś-ti, aś-ta· Ἀρχ. Λατ. oss-um (oss, ossis)· ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ῥίζης παράγονται τὰ ὀστακὸς (ἀστακός), ὄστρακον, ὄστρεον, ἀστράγαλος, ἄστρις, ἄστριχος).
French (Bailly abrégé)
-οῦν (τὸ) ; gén. ὀστέου-ὀστοῦ;
n. pl. ὀστέα-ὀστᾶ, gén. ὀστέων-ὀστῶν;
os, ossement.
Étymologie: cf. lat. os, ossis, anc. lat. ossum.
English (Autenrieth)
pl. gen. and dat. ὀστεόφιν: bone.
English (Slater)
ὀστέον (-έων, -έα.)
1 bone “θανόντος ὀστέα λέξαις υἱοῦ” (P. 8.53) αἰὼν δὲ δἰ ὀστέων ἐρραίσθη fr. 111. 5. “καὶ τότ ἐγὼ σαρκῶν τ ἐνοπὰν λτ;γτ; ἠδ ὀστέων στεναγμὸν βαρύν” (of Herakles, devouring the ox of Koronos) fr. 168. 5. δια- λεύκων ὀστέ[ων] δοῦπος ἐ[ρ]λτ;εγτ;ικομένων (supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 25.
Spanish
English (Strong)
or contracted ostoun of uncertain affinity; a bone: bone.
English (Thayer)
contracted ὀστοῦν, genitive ὀστέου, τό (akin to Latin os, ossis; Curtius, § 213, cf., p. 41), a bone: ὀστέα, ὀστέων (on these uncontracted forms cf. (WH s Appendix, p. 157); Winer s Grammar, § 8,2d.; (Buttmann, p. 13 (12))), R G Tr marginal reading brackets); Homer down; the Sept. very often for עֶצֶם.)
Greek Monotonic
ὀστέον: τό, Αττ. συνηρ. ὀστοῦν, ποιητ. ὀστεῦν, πληθ. ὀστέα, Αττ. συνηρ. ὀστᾶ, Αττ. γεν. πληθ. ὀστῶν, επίσης ὀστέων (χάριν μέτρου), σε Σοφ., Αριστοφ.· Επικ. γεν. πληθ. ὀστεόφιν (βλ. κατωτ.), Λατ. os, ossis, κόκαλο, σε Όμηρ., Ηρόδ., Αττ.· λευκὰ ὀστέα, τα ξασπρισμένα κόκαλα των νεκρών, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὀστέον: стяж. ὀστοῦν τό кость (σάρκες τε καὶ ὀστέα Hom.; ὀστᾶ καὶ νεῦρα Plat.).
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: bone (Il.), also stone of fruit (pap. IIIa.; s. below).
Other forms: Att. ὀστοῦν, Aeol. pl. -ια, Dor. (Theoc.) -ία.
Compounds: Few compp., e.g. ὀστ(ε)ο-κόπος m. name of a bone-disease (Hp., Thphr., Gal.), ὁλ-όστεον n. Plantago Bellardi, prop. subst. bahuvrihi "consisting only of bones", from its healing power; cf. ὀστεο-κόλλος f. and Strömberg Pflanzenn. 88 f. a. 32.
Derivatives: Diminut.: ὀστ-άριον n. (medic.), -αρίδιον n. (Pall.); adj. -έϊνος (IA.), -ινος (Ar. Ach. 863 [Boeot.], Arist.), -όϊνος (Aq.) made of bone, -ώδης (X., Arist.), -εώδης (Plu.) bony; -ίτης m. belonging to the bones (Ruf.; Redard 101).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [783] *h₃estH- bone
Etymology: Old word for bone, in several languages in varying form retained. An orig. consonantstam, seen in Av. ast- (e.g. gen. ast-ō, acc. as-ča < *ast-ča) and in Lat. os ( = oss, from *ost), gen. oss-is , was in other languages in diff. ways transformed, e.g. in Skt. nom. acc. ásth-i, gen. asth-n-ás with i : n-interchange, in Hitt. ḫašt-ai, gen. ḫaštii̯-as with ablaut ai : i. Greek ὀστ-έον remainds of Skt. hŕ̥d-ayam heart beside hā́rd-i id. (s. καρδία) and so goes back on -ειον; Sommer Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 426f.); cf. further Venet. ostiiakon ossuarium. -- Further forms from several languages w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 185 f., Pok. 783, W.-Hofmann s. os; also v. Windekens ZDMG 110,314ff. (on Toch. B āst) and Hamp Word 9, 138ff.; on ὀστέον esp. Schwyzer 518 a. 298. The meaning kernel (stone) of a fruit as a parallel innovation also in Skt. ásthi; cf. Mayrhofer s.v. -- Not to ὄστρακον, ἀστράγαλος, ἀστακός, ὀστρύα, ὀσφύς.