μάραθον
Πυλάδη, σε γὰρ δὴ πρῶτον ἀνθρώπων ἐγὼ πιστὸν νομίζω καὶ φίλον ξένον τ' ἐμοί → Pylades for indeed I consider you, foremost among men, loyal and kind and a host to me (Euripides' Electra 82-83)
English (LSJ)
(proparox.), τό,
A fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, D.18.260, Anaxandr.41.58, Thphr.HP1.12.2, al.: pl., Epich.156, 159:—also μᾰρᾰθ-ος, ὁ, Python 1.13, but ἡ, Lyd.Mag.1.42; of doubtful gender, Hermipp.81, Lycusap.Orib.8.32.4.
German (Pape)
[Seite 94] τό, dor. u. att. = μάραθρον, Fenchel, dor. u. att. Form, Epicharm. bei Ath. II, 71 a u. a. comic. ibd.; Nic. Ther. 33. 392, St, ab. 3, 4, 9.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
μάρᾰθον: [ᾰ], τό, ὡς καὶ νῦν μάραθον ἢ μάλαθρον, Λατ. marathrum, Δημ. 313. 25, Ἀναξανδρ. ἐν «Πρωτ.» 1. 58· - ὡσαύτως μάραθος, ὁ, Ἐπίχ. παρ’ Ἀθην. 70F, Πύθων αὐτόθι 596Α· - ἀμφιβόλου γένους παρ’ Ἑρμίππ. ἐν Ἀδήλ. 2· πρβλ. Μαραθών.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (τό) :
fenouil, plante.
Étymologie: DELG terme indigène emprunté ; myc. ma-ra-tu-wo.
Spanish
Greek Monotonic
μάρᾰθον: [ᾰ], τό, το αρωματικό φυτό μάραθο, Λατ. marathrum, σε Δημ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
μάρᾰθον: (μᾰ) τό укроп Dem.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: fennel, Foeniculum vulgare (Epich., D., Thphr.), -ος m. f. (Hermipp.), also (without loss of the ρ) μάραθρον (Alex., hell. pap., Dsc.)
Dialectal forms: Myc. maratuwo \/marathwon\/
Compounds: Compp. εὑ-μάραθος rich in fennel (AP), ἱππο-μάραθ(ρ)ον'Prangos ferulacea' (Diocl. Med., Thphr., Dsc.; διὰ τὸ μέγεθος, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).
Derivatives: μαραθίς, -ίδος f. = ἱππομ. (Ps.-Dsc.), μαραθᾶς m. fenneltrader (Robert Rev. de phil. 70, 52 f.), μαραθίτης οἶνος (Dsc., Gp.; Redard 97), Μαραθών, -ῶνος m. f. (η 80) a. other PN (Tovar Emer. 12, 320).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: As plant-name suspected to be of foreign origin (Schwyzer 61). Explanation from IE by Hesselman Symb. Danielsson 94ff. : to NSwed. mjärd(r)e, OSw. miærdher m. n. fishtrap resp. its funnel-like entrance, PGm. *merdra-, IE *mer(ǝ)-dhro- (cf. βέρεθρον : βάραθρον); further connections in WP. 2, 272, Pok. 733 [?]. The plant was then called after its funnel-like flower; cf. Strömberg Pflanzenn. 50. Doubts by Debrunner IF 51, 209. The Myc. dorm refutes the proposal. Rather a Pre-Greek word (note α-α), cf. Schwyzer 1, 61.
