Pythagoras

English > Greek (Woodhouse)

Πυθαγόρας, -ου, ὁ.

The Pythagoreans: Πυθαγορικοί, οἱ.

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

Pȳthăgŏras: ae, m., = Πυθαγόρας,>
I a celebrated philosopher of Samos, about 550 B.C.; he taught in Lower Italy (Croton and Metapontum), and was the founder of the Pythagorean philosophy, which received its name from him, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; 1, 16, 38; 4, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 2, 4; id. Div. 1, 3, 5; Hor. S. 2, 6, 63; Ov. M. 15, 60; Liv. 1, 18.— The Greek letter γ (called littera Pythagorae), with its two divergent arms, was used by Pythagoras as a symbol of the two diverse paths of life, that of virtue and of vice, Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Pers. 3, 56; v. also Lact. 6, 3, 6.—Hence,
   A Pȳthăgŏrēus or Pȳthăgŏrīus, a, um, adj., = Πυθαγόρειος,> Pythagorean: somnia, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 52: dogma, Lab. ap. Prisc. p. 679: pavo, into which, according to the Pythagorean doctrine of metempsychosis, the soul of Euphorbus had passed before it reached Pythagoras, Pers. 6, 11: brassica, highly recommended by Pythagoras, Cato, R. R. 157 in lemm. (cf. Plin. 20, 9, 33, § 78): mos, Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 160.—Plur, subst.: Pȳthă-gŏrēi (-ŏrīi), ōrum, m., the followers of the Pythagorean philosophy, the Pythagoreans, Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; id. de Or. 2, 37, 154 al.—
   B Pȳthăgŏrĭcus, a, um, adj., = Πυθαγορικός Pythagorean: libri, Liv. 30, 29: philosophia, Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 86 (an interpolated passage, v. Sillig in loc.): prudentia, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1 (but Pythagorii, Cic. Div. 1, 30, 62 B. and K.; cf. Madv. Opusc. Ac. 1, p. 512).

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

Pȳthăgŏrās,¹² æ, m. (Πυθαγόρας), Pythagore [de Samos, célèbre philosophe qui enseigna longtemps à Crotone] : Cic. Tusc. 1, 20 ; Rep. 2, 28 ; littera Pythagoræ la lettre de Pythagore = Υ [représentant les deux routes ouvertes devant un mortel, celle du vice et celle de la vertu] : Aus. Idyll. 12, 9 ; Lact. Inst. 6, 3, 6 ; cf. Pers. 3, 56 || -rēus (-rīus), a, um, de Pythagore, pythagoricien : Cic. Tusc. 4, 3 ; Plin. 35, 160 ; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 52 || -rēī (-rīī), ōrum, m., Pythagoriciens, disciples de Pythagore : Cic. de Or. 2, 154 ; Tusc. 1, 38 || -rĭcus, a, um, Liv. 40, 29, 8.

Latin > German (Georges)

Pȳthagorās, ae, Akk. am u. ān, m. (Πυθαγόρας), der berühmte griechische Philosoph und Politiker aus Samos (um 550 v. Chr.), der nach seinen Reisen in Ägypten u. Griechenland endlich seinen Sitz in Unteritalien (in Kroton und Metapontum) nahm, wo er die nach ihm benannte philos. Schule gründete, die zugleich auch politische Zwecke verfolgte, Liv. 1, 18, 2. Cic. de rep. 2, 28. Cic. Tusc. 1, 20 u. 4, 44 (Akk. -ān). Apul. flor. 15. p. 18, 4 Kr. Hor. sat. 2, 4, 3 (Akk. -ān). Mart. 9, 47, 3: Nbf. Nom. Pythagora, Fronto ep. ad Ver. 1, 1. – Er lehrte die Seelenwanderung u. behauptete daher, in der Gestalt des Euphorbus schon einmal zur Zeit des trojan. Krieges gelebt zu haben; dah. Pythagoras renatus, Hor. epod. 15, 21; vgl. Panthoides. – littera Pythagorae = Υ Ύ ψιλόν), mit dem Pythagoras zuerst die beiden verschiedenen Lebenswege, den der Tugend u. den des Lasters, verglichen haben soll, s. Lact. 6, 3, 6. Pers. 3, 56: bivium Pythagorae gen. b. Auson. edyll. 12 de litteris monos. 9. p. 138 Schenkl. – Dav.: A) Pȳthagorēus, a, um (Πυθαγόρειος), pythagorëisch, somnia, Hor.: pavo, der Pfau, in den nach der Lehre des Pythagoras von der Seelenwanderung Homers Seele gefahren war, ehe sie in den Leib des Ennius eingezogen, Pers. 6, 11. – subst., Pythagorēus (in Hdschrn. und Ausgg. auch -īus), ēi, m., des Pythagoras Schüler u. Anhänger, der Pythagoreer, Sing. u. Plur. b. Varro r. r. 1, 1, 8. Cic. de or. 2, 154; de rep. 2, 28 u.a. (vgl. über die Form -ius bes. Osann Cic. de rep. p. 466 sqq.). – B) Pȳthagoricus, a, um (Πυθαγορικός), pythagorisch, libri, Liv.: illa schola, Sen.: philosophia, Plin.: disciplina, Boëth. – subst. Pȳthagoricus, ī, m., des Pythagoras Schüler u. Anhänger, der Pythagoriker, Sen. de ben. 7, 21, 1: Plur. b. Lact. 2, 8, 48. Hieron. epist. 53, 1. Ambros. in psalm. 118. serm. 2. § 5. Boëth. art. geom. 396, 7 Fr. (aber Cic. de div. 1, 62 jetzt Pythagoriis). – C) Pȳthagorisso, āre (Πυθαγορίζω), den Pythagoras nachahmen, Apul. flor. 15. p. 19, 17 Kr.

Wikipedia EN

Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 BC – 495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend, but he appears to have been the son of Mnesarchus, a gem-engraver on the island of Samos. Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton in southern Italy, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle. This lifestyle entailed a number of dietary prohibitions, traditionally said to have included vegetarianism, although modern scholars doubt that he ever advocated for complete vegetarianism.

The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the "transmigration of souls", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body. He may have also devised the doctrine of musica universalis, which holds that the planets move according to mathematical equations and thus resonate to produce an inaudible symphony of music. Scholars debate whether Pythagoras developed the numerological and musical teachings attributed to him, or if those teachings were developed by his later followers, particularly Philolaus of Croton. Following Croton's decisive victory over Sybaris in around 510 BC, Pythagoras's followers came into conflict with supporters of democracy and Pythagorean meeting houses were burned. Pythagoras may have been killed during this persecution, or escaped to Metapontum, where he eventually died.

Translations

af: Pythagoras; als: Pythagoras von Samos; am: ፓይታጎረስ; an: Pitagoras; ar: فيثاغورس; arz: بيثاجوراس; ast: Pitágores; as: পাইথেগাৰাছ; az: Pifaqor; ban: Pythagoras; bat_smg: Pėtaguors; ba: Пифагор; be_x_old: Пітагор; be: Піфагор; bg: Питагор; bh: पाइथागोरस; bi: Pythagoras; bn: পিথাগোরাস; bo: ཕའེ་ཐ་གྷོ་ར་ཟི།; bpy: পিথাগোরাস; br: Pythagoras; bs: Pitagora; ca: Pitàgores; ckb: پیتاگۆرس; co: Pitagoru; cs: Pythagoras; cv: Пифагор; cy: Pythagoras; da: Pythagoras; de: Pythagoras; diq: Pisagor; el: Πυθαγόρας; en: Pythagoras; eo: Pitagoro; es: Pitágoras; et: Pythagoras; eu: Pitagoras; fa: فیثاغورس; fiu_vro: Pythagoras; fi: Pythagoras; frr: Pythagoras; fr: Pythagore; fy: Pytagoras; gan: 畢達哥拉斯; ga: Píotágarás; gcr: Pythagore; gd: Pythagóras; gl: Pitágoras; gu: પાયથાગોરસ; hak: Pythagoras; ha: Pythagoras; he: פיתגורס; hi: पाइथागोरस; hr: Pitagora; hu: Püthagorasz; hy: Պյութագորաս; ia: Pythagoras; id: Pythagoras; io: Pitagoro; is: Pýþagóras; it: Pitagora; jam: Pythagoras; ja: ピタゴラス; jv: Pythagoras; ka: პითაგორა; kbp: Pythagorus; kk: Пифагор; kn: ಪೈಥಾಗರಸ್; ko: 피타고라스; ku: Pîtagoras; ky: Пифагор; la: Pythagoras; lb: Pythagoras vu Samos; lfn: Pitagora; lg: Payisoggolaasi; lij: Pitagora; lt: Pitagoras; lv: Pitagors; mai: पाइथागोरस; mg: Pitagôra; mk: Питагора; ml: പൈതഗോറസ്; mn: Пифагор; mrj: Пифагор; mr: पायथागॉरस; ms: Pythagoras; mt: Pitagora; mwl: Pitágoras; myv: Пифагор; my: ပိုက်သာဂိုးရပ်စ်; ne: पाइथागोरस; nl: Pythagoras; nn: Pythagoras; no: Pythagoras; oc: Pitagòras; om: Paayitaagoras; os: Пифагор; pa: ਪਾਈਥਾਗੋਰਸ; pl: Pitagoras; pms: Pitàgora; pnb: فيثاغورث; pt: Pitágoras; qu: Pithagoras; ro: Pitagora; ru: Пифагор; sa: पैथागोरस्; scn: Pitàgura; sco: Pythagoras; sd: پئٿاگورس; sh: Pitagora; simple: Pythagoras; si: පයිතගරස්; sk: Pytagoras zo Samosu; sl: Pitagora; sq: Pitagora; sr: Питагора; su: Pythagoras; sv: Pythagoras; sw: Pythagoras; szl: Pitagoras; ta: பித்தாகரசு; te: పైథాగరస్; tg: Фисоғурис; th: พีทาโกรัส; tk: Pifagor; tl: Pythagoras; tr: Pisagor; tt: Пифагор; uk: Піфагор; ur: فیثاغورث; uz: Pifagor; vi: Pythagoras; vo: Püthagoras; war: Pythagoras; wuu: 毕达哥拉斯; xal: Пифагор; yi: פיטאגאראס; yo: Pythagoras; zh_min_nan: Pythagoras; zh_yue: 畢達哥拉斯; zh: 毕达哥拉斯