ἔχις: Difference between revisions
κῶς ταῦτα βασιλέϊ ἐκχρήσει περιυβρίσθαι → how will it be good enough for the king to be insulted with these things
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|Transliteration C=echis | |Transliteration C=echis | ||
|Beta Code=e)/xis | |Beta Code=e)/xis | ||
|Definition=[ | |Definition=[Nic. Th.223, -ῑς metri gr. IG2.1660], εως, ὁ (ἡ Opp.C.3.439), gen. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἔχεων Pl.Euthd.290a: gen. sg. ἔχιος Nic.Th.130: pl., dat. [[ἐχίεσσι]] ib.826; gen. [[ἐχίων]] ib.653; acc. [[ἔχιας]] ib.9, but ἔχεις Thphr. Char.1.7:—[[viper]], Pl.Smp.217e, Arist.HA511a16, etc.: metaph., [[συκοφάντης]] καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν D.25.96; ὥσπερ ἔχις ἢ [[σκορπίος]] ἠρκὼς τὸ [[κέντρον]] ib.52; cf. [[ἔχιδνα]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> = [[ἔχιον]] II, Nic.Th.541, 636, Plin. HN22.50. | ||
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|etymtx=-εως</b> of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?<br />Grammatical information: m. (f.)<br />Meaning: [[viper]] (Att.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. [[ἐχίδιον]] (Arist.) and the plant-name [[ἔχιον]] (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), [[ἐχίειον]] (Nic.); further [[ἐχιῆες]] pl. = [[ἔχεις]] (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); [[ἐχῖτις]] f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 54). - Fem. [[ἔχιδνα]] [[viper]] (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a <b class="b3">ια-</b>deriv. from <b class="b3">*ἐχιδνός</b> (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with <b class="b3">ἐχιδν-αῖος</b> and <b class="b3">-ήεις</b> (hell.); this is not very probable, however; <b class="b3">-δνα</b> is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">* | |etymtx=-εως</b> of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?<br />Grammatical information: m. (f.)<br />Meaning: [[viper]] (Att.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. [[ἐχίδιον]] (Arist.) and the plant-name [[ἔχιον]] (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), [[ἐχίειον]] (Nic.); further [[ἐχιῆες]] pl. = [[ἔχεις]] (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); [[ἐχῖτις]] f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 54). - Fem. [[ἔχιδνα]] [[viper]] (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a <b class="b3">ια-</b>deriv. from <b class="b3">*ἐχιδνός</b> (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with <b class="b3">ἐχιδν-αῖος</b> and <b class="b3">-ήεις</b> (hell.); this is not very probable, however; <b class="b3">-δνα</b> is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵhi-</b> [[snake]] (sic; wrong Pok.)<br />Etymology: If the interpretation of [[ἐχῖνος]] is correct, [[ἔχις]] must have a palatal <b class="b2">ǵh</b>. The comparable words for [[snake]], Skt. <b class="b2">áhi-</b> = Av. <b class="b2">aži-</b> like Arm. [[iž]], nust then be connected with [[ὄφις]]. Also Welsh [[euod]] [[Schafwürmer]], [[euon]] [[Pferdewurmer]] may belong to [[ὄφις]] (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44. - Cf. also [[ἔγχελυς]]. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj |
Revision as of 11:42, 11 November 2021
English (LSJ)
[Nic. Th.223, -ῑς metri gr. IG2.1660], εως, ὁ (ἡ Opp.C.3.439), gen. pl.
A ἔχεων Pl.Euthd.290a: gen. sg. ἔχιος Nic.Th.130: pl., dat. ἐχίεσσι ib.826; gen. ἐχίων ib.653; acc. ἔχιας ib.9, but ἔχεις Thphr. Char.1.7:—viper, Pl.Smp.217e, Arist.HA511a16, etc.: metaph., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν D.25.96; ὥσπερ ἔχις ἢ σκορπίος ἠρκὼς τὸ κέντρον ib.52; cf. ἔχιδνα.
II = ἔχιον II, Nic.Th.541, 636, Plin. HN22.50.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1126] ιος u. εως, ὁ, fem. nur Opp. Cyn. 3, 439, sonst ist ἔχιδνα das fem., obgleich Einige dies für eine andere Schlangengattung halten, vgl. Ael. h. A. 10, 9; die Natter, Viper, Plat. Conv. 217 e u. Folgde. Übertr. sagt Dem. 25, 96 ὅταν συκοφάντην καὶ πικρὸν καὶ ἔχιν τὴν φύσιν ἄνθρωπον ἴδητε, einen Menschen von Natternatur.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἔχῐς: -εως, ὁ, γεν. πληθ. ἔχεων, Πλάτ. Εὐθύδ. 290Α· παρὰ τῷ Νικάνδρῳ γεν. ἔχιος, πληθ. ἐχίσεσσι, ἔχιας. Ἔχιδνα, «ὀχιά», «ὄχεντρα», Πλάτ. Συμπ. 217Ε, Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 3. 1, 28 (ἔνθα διακρίνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ὠοτόκου ὄφεως), κτλ.· συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν Δημ. 799. 4· πορεύεσθαι διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὥσπερ ἔχις ὁ αὐτ. 786, ἐν ἀρχῇ. - Ἡ ἔχιδνα κατὰ τὸν Νίκανδρον ἐν Θηρ. 129, εἶναι τὸ θῆλυ τοῦ ἔχεως· ἄλλοι νομίζουσιν ὅτι ἔχις καὶ ἔχιδνα εἶναι δύο διάφορα εἴδη: ὁ Ὀππ. ἔχει τὸ ἔχις ὡς θηλυκ., Κυν. 3. 439. (Ἐκ τῆς √ΕΧ, ΕΓΧ, παράγονται ὡσαύτως αἱ λέξεις, ἔχιδνα, ἔγχελυς, Ἐχίων πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ah-is Λατ. ang-uis, ang-uilla· Ἀρχ. Ὑψηλ. Γερμ. unc· Λιθ. ang-uis (anguis)· ung-urys (anguilla): - ἂν οἱ Τευτονικοὶ τύποι, οἷον Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. oel, Γερμ. aal, κτλ., ἔχωσι σχέσιν τινά, πρέπει νὰ ἐσχηματίσθησαν ἀνεξαρτήτως).
French (Bailly abrégé)
εως (ὁ, rar. ἡ)
vipère, d’ord. mâle de la vipère.
Étymologie: cf. lat. anguis.
Greek Monolingual
ἔχις, -εως, ὁ, ἡ (Α)
1. έχιδνα, οχιά
2. μτφ. (για ανθρώπους) κακός, ύπουλος και επιβλαβής προς τους άλλους χαρακτήρας («ὅταν συκοφάντην καὶ πικρὸν καὶ ἔχιν τὴν φύσιν ἄνθρωπον ἴδητε», Δημοσθ.)
3. είδος φυτού, το έχιον.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Βλ. λ. έχιδνα].
Greek Monotonic
ἔχῐς: -εως, ὁ, γεν. πληθ. ἐχέων, οχιά, έχιδνα, σε Πλάτ.· μεταφ., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν, σε Δημ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἔχῐς: εως ὁ гадюка (самец) (Vipera ammedytes) Plat., Arst., Dem., Plut.
Frisk Etymological English
-εως of toch PG [Pre-Greek]?
Grammatical information: m. (f.)
Meaning: viper (Att.).
Derivatives: Dimin. ἐχίδιον (Arist.) and the plant-name ἔχιον (Dsc.; because of the resemblance of the fruit with the head of a snake, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), ἐχίειον (Nic.); further ἐχιῆες pl. = ἔχεις (Nic. Th. 133, only metrical variant?; cf. also Boßhardt 148); ἐχῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin., after the colour; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en -της 54). - Fem. ἔχιδνα viper (Ion.-Att., Hes. Th. 297), mostly thought to be a ια-deriv. from *ἐχιδνός (Schwyzer 475; see Specht Ursprung 229 and 377), with ἐχιδν-αῖος and -ήεις (hell.); this is not very probable, however; -δνα is a typical Pre-Greek suffix; it must have been a loan from Pre-Greek.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵhi- snake (sic; wrong Pok.)
Etymology: If the interpretation of ἐχῖνος is correct, ἔχις must have a palatal ǵh. The comparable words for snake, Skt. áhi- = Av. aži- like Arm. iž, nust then be connected with ὄφις. Also Welsh euod Schafwürmer, euon Pferdewurmer may belong to ὄφις (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44. - Cf. also ἔγχελυς.
Middle Liddell
an adder, viper, Plat.; metaph., συκοφάντης καὶ ἔχις τὴν φύσιν Dem.
Frisk Etymology German
ἔχις: -εως
{ékhis}
Grammar: m. (f.)
Meaning: Viper, Otter (att.).
Derivative: Davon das Deminutivum ἐχίδιον (Arist.) und die Pflanzennamen ἔχιον (Dsk.; wegen der Ähnlichkeit der Frucht mit einem Schlangenkopf, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54), ἐχίειον (Nik.); ferner ἐχιῆες pl. = ἔχεις (Nik. Th. 133, nur metrische Variante?; vgl. auch Boßhardt 148); ἐχῖτις f. N. eines Steins (Plin. u. a., nach der Farbe; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en -της 54). — Fem. ἔχιδνα Viper, Otter (ion. att. seit Hes. Th. 297), wohl ια-Ableitung von *ἐχιδνός (Schwyzer 475 m. Lit.; dazu Specht Ursprung 229 und 377), mit ἐχιδναῖος und -ήεις (hell. u. sp. Dichter).
Etymology : Wenn die oben gegebene Herleitung von ἐχῖνος richtig ist, muß ἔχις ein palatales ĝh enthalten. Die anklingenden Wörter für Schlange, aind. áhi- = aw. aži- ebenso wie arm. iž, sind dann mit ὄφις zu verbinden. Auch kymr. euod Schafwürmer, euon Pferdewurmer dürften zu ὄφις gehören (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 99, Lewis-Pedersen 29, Pok. 44; anders Fick 2, 27). — Vgl. auch ἔγχελυς.
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