φύλαρχος: Difference between revisions
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A [[phylarch]] (Greek: [[φύλαρχος]], Latin: [[phylarchus]]) is a Greek title meaning "[[ruler of a tribe]]", from [[phyle]], "tribe" + archein "to rule". In Classical Athens, a phylarch was the elected commander of the cavalry provided by each of the city's ten tribes.In the later Roman Empire of the 4th to 7th centuries, the title was given to the leading princes of the Empire's Arab allies in the East (essentially the equivalent to "sheikh"), both those settled within the Empire and outside. From ca. 530 to ca. 585, the individual phylarchs were subordinated to a supreme phylarch from the Ghassanid dynasty. | |wketx=A [[phylarch]] (Greek: [[φύλαρχος]], Latin: [[phylarchus]]) is a Greek title meaning "[[ruler of a tribe]]", from [[phyle]], "tribe" + archein "to rule". In Classical Athens, a phylarch was the elected commander of the cavalry provided by each of the city's ten tribes.In the later Roman Empire of the 4th to 7th centuries, the title was given to the leading princes of the Empire's Arab allies in the East (essentially the equivalent to "sheikh"), both those settled within the Empire and outside. From ca. 530 to ca. 585, the individual phylarchs were subordinated to a supreme phylarch from the Ghassanid dynasty. | ||
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==Wikipedia FR== | ==Wikipedia FR== | ||
Phylarque (en grec φύλαρχος et en latin phylarchus) est un titre grec signifiant « chef de tribu », formé de « phyle », tribu et « archein », gouverner. | Phylarque (en grec φύλαρχος et en latin phylarchus) est un titre grec signifiant « chef de tribu », formé de « phyle », tribu et « archein », gouverner. |
Revision as of 17:36, 11 October 2022
English (LSJ)
ὁ, A phylarch, chief officer of a tribe (φυλή), X.Cyr.1.2.14, al., BMus.Inscr.1005 (Cyzic.), CIG3773 (Nicomedia), Sammelb.6257 (v/vi A. D.). b = Lat. tribunus militum, D.H.2.7, Plu.Rom.20. c chief priest of a tribe among the Jews, LXX 1 Es.7.8: pl., elders of a tribe, ib.De.31.28. d sheikh, τῶν Ἀράβων Str.16.1.28, cf. Procop.Pers.1.19; Parthian term, = δυνάστης, Arr.Fr.171 J. II as a military term, at Athens, the commander of the cavalry furnished by each tribe, Hdt.5.69. III οἱ φύλαρχοι, an oligarchical council at Epidamnus, Arist.Pol.1301b22.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1314] ὁ, = φυλάρχης; Ar. Av. 799; Plat. Legg. IX, 880 d u. öfter, immer mit ἵππαρχος verbunden; vgl. Dem. 4, 26; Lys. 12, 44. – In Rom der praefectus tribuum, tribunus, D. Hal. 2, 7, Plut. Rom. 20.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
président d'une tribu (à Athènes, etc.) ; p. suite :
1 à Athènes phylarque, commandant d'un des dix corps de cavalerie fournis par les dix tribus;
2 à Rome tribun, càd chef d'une tribu (intendant, administrateur, etc.).
Étymologie: φυλή, ἄρχω.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
φύλαρχος: (ῡ) ὁ
1) филарх, глава филы (в Афинах) Her., Xen.;
2) филарх, командир конного корпуса (выставлявшегося каждой из десяти афинских фил; все десять филархов была подчинены двум ἵππαρχοι) Xen., Plat.;
3) филарх, член олигархического совета (в Эпидамне) Arst.;
4) (в Риме, лат. tribunus) трибун, глава трибы Plut.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
φύλαρχος: ὁ, ὁ ἀρχηγὸς φυλῆς, Ἡρόδ. 5. 69, Ξεν. Κύρου Παιδ. 1. 2, 14, κ. ἀλλ. (πρβλ. φυλάρχης), Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 5773, κλπ.· ― ἐν χρήσει πρὸς μετάφρασιν τοῦ Ῥωμαϊκοῦ tribunus, Διον. Ἁλ. 2. 7, Πλουτ. Ρωμ. 20. ΙΙ. ὡς στρατιωτικὸς ὅρος ἐν Ἀθήναις, ὁ διοικητὴς ἑνὸς τῶν ἱππικῶν σωμάτων ὧν ἕκαστον παρεῖχεν εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν ἡ οἰκεία φυλή, χειροτονοῦσι δὲ καὶ φυλάρχους [ι΄], ἕνα τῆς φυλῆς, τὸν ἡγησόμενον τῶν ἱππέων, ὥσπερ οἱ ταξίαρχοι τῶν ὁπλιτῶν Ἀριστ. Ἀθην. Πολ. σ. 90, 12, Blass., ἴδε ἐν λ. ἵππαρχος. ΙΙΙ. οἱ φύλαρχοι, ὀλιγαρχικόν τι συμβούλιον ἐν Ἐπιδάμνῳ, Ἀριστ. Πολιτ. 5. 1, 10.
Greek Monolingual
ο, ΝΜΑ
αρχηγός, ηγέτης φυλής («α. «ο φύλαρχος τών Ινδιάνων της περιοχής» β. «ἡγεμόνας ἐφ' ἑκάστης συμμορίας, ὥσπερ φυλάρχους ἤ κωμάρχας», Δίον. Αλ.
γ. «δέκα δὴ φυλάρχους ἀντὶ τεσσέρων ἐποίησε», Ηρόδ.»)
μσν.
ηγεμόνας, ηγέτης («Σαρακηνῶν ἡγούμενοι, οἳ φύλαρχοι ἀποκαλοῦνται», Προκόπ.)
αρχ.
1. ο διοικητής του ιππικού σώματος το οποίο διέθετε στην πολιτεία κάθε φυλή («χειροτονοῦσι δὲ καὶ φυλάρχους... ἕνα τῆς φυλῆς, τὸν ἡγησόμενον τῶν ἱππέων, ὥσπερ οἱ ταξίαρχοι τῶν ὁπλιτών», Αριστοτ.)
2. στον πληθ. οἱ φύλαρχοι
το συμβούλιο τών ολιγαρχικών στην Επίδαμνο
3. αξιωματικός του ρωμαϊκού στρατού, τριβοῦν
ος («φύλαρχοι τε καὶ τριττύαρχοι, οὕς καλοῦσι Ῥωμαίοι τριβούνους», Πλούτ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < φῦλον / φυλή + -αρχος].
Greek Monotonic
φύλαρχος: [ῦ], ὁ,
I. αρχηγός φῡλῆς, φύλαρχος, σε Ηρόδ., Ξεν.· χρησιμοποιήθηκε για να μεταφράσει το Ρωμαϊκό tribunus, σε Πλούτ.
II. στους Αθηναίους, ο διοικητής του ιππικού, ένας από κάθε φυλή, βλ. ἵππαρχος.
Middle Liddell
φύλαρχος, ὁ,
I. the chief of a φῡλή, a phylarch, Hdt., Xen.:—used to transl. the Rom. tribunus, Plut.
II. at Athens, the commander of the cavalry furnished by each tribe, v. ἵππαρχος.
English (Woodhouse)
Wikipedia EN
A phylarch (Greek: φύλαρχος, Latin: phylarchus) is a Greek title meaning "ruler of a tribe", from phyle, "tribe" + archein "to rule". In Classical Athens, a phylarch was the elected commander of the cavalry provided by each of the city's ten tribes.In the later Roman Empire of the 4th to 7th centuries, the title was given to the leading princes of the Empire's Arab allies in the East (essentially the equivalent to "sheikh"), both those settled within the Empire and outside. From ca. 530 to ca. 585, the individual phylarchs were subordinated to a supreme phylarch from the Ghassanid dynasty.
Wikipedia FR
Phylarque (en grec φύλαρχος et en latin phylarchus) est un titre grec signifiant « chef de tribu », formé de « phyle », tribu et « archein », gouverner.
Dans la démocratie athénienne, les phylarques sont des magistrats militaires. Il existe un phylarque par tribu de l'Attique, on en dénombre donc 10, qui commandent les cavaliers de leur tribu.
Entre le ive siècle et le viie siècle, dans le Bas-Empire romain et l'Empire byzantin, ce titre est donné aux principaux princes des alliés arabes de l'Empire en orient (en équivalence du mot « cheikh »), qu'ils soient ou non installés au sein des frontières de l'Empire. De 530 à environ 585, les phylarques individuels étaient subordonnés à un phylarque suprême de la dynastie Ghassanide.
Wikipedia ES
Un filarca (en griego: φύλαρχος, phýlarchos; en latín: phylarchus) es un título griego que significa 'gobernante de una tribu', de phyle, 'tribu' y archein, 'gobernar'.
En la Atenas clásica, un filarca era el comandante electo de la caballería proporcionada por cada una de las diez tribus de la ciudad.
En el Imperio romano tardío de los siglos IV al VII, el título era otorgado a los principales príncipes de los aliados árabes del Imperio de Oriente (esencialmente el equivalente a 'jeque'), tanto los que se establecieron dentro del Imperio como fuera de él. De c. 530 a c. 585, los filarcas individuales estaban subordinados a un filarca supremo de la dinastía gasánida.
Wikipedia IT
Il filarca (in greco antico: φύλαρχος, phýlarchos) era un magistrato nell'antica Grecia che governava le tribù in cui erano divise le città e la popolazione.
Anticamente in Grecia prevaleva dovunque la suddivisione in tribù, ad esempio quelle di Atene: i Dori erano divisi in tre tribù e gli Ioni in quattro. Questa istituzione sociale permase fino all'ultimo periodo della storia greca con alcune modifiche. In origine i filarchi erano i capi delle varie tribù, sia in pace che in guerra: Epidamno, per esempio, che era una colonia di Corcira e quindi dorica, aveva un ordinamento oligarchico in cui il potere era detenuto dai tre filarchi e, quando l'oligarchia fu rovesciata, questi vennero sostituiti da un Consiglio democratico. Probabilmente i filarchi svolgevano le stesse funzioni dei probuli, i quali, a detta di Aristotele, svolgevano in oligarchia le stesse funzioni della Boulé in democrazia.
Non si sa con certezza quanti fossero i filarchi. Probabilmente ce n'erano di diversi per ogni tribù, forse i rappresentanti dei genos presenti all'interno della tribù. Sappiamo che a Troia ogni tribù aveva vari filarchi. Quando i filarchi persero le loro importanti funzioni civili nel passaggio dall'oligarchia alla democrazia, naturalmente mantennero i resti della loro importanza militare. Essendo oligarchi, ovviamente rappresentavano quella branca dell'organizzazione militare che era soprattutto oligarchica, e in questo modo li troviamo ancora come comandanti della cavalleria delle tribù.