ὁπλιτοδρόμος: Difference between revisions
ἀμήχανον δὲ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐκμαθεῖν ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην, πρὶν ἂν ἀρχαῖς τε καὶ νόμοισιν ἐντριβὴς φανῇ → hard it is to learn the mind of any mortal or the heart, 'till he be tried in chief authority | it is impossible to know fully any man's character, will, or judgment, until he has been proved by the test of rule and law-giving
m (Text replacement - "(?s)(==Wikipedia PT==)(\n)(.*)(\n[{=])" to "{{wkppt |wkpttx=$3 }}$4") |
m (LSJ1 replacement) |
||
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
|Transliteration C=oplitodromos | |Transliteration C=oplitodromos | ||
|Beta Code=o(plitodro/mos | |Beta Code=o(plitodro/mos | ||
|Definition= | |Definition=ὁπλιτοδρόμον, [[running a race in armour]], IG12.531 (dub.), ''CIG''2758iv2, al. (Aphrodisias), Poll.3.151, Sch.Pi.''P.''10.22, Sch.[[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''213. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{pape | {{pape |
Latest revision as of 11:07, 25 August 2023
English (LSJ)
ὁπλιτοδρόμον, running a race in armour, IG12.531 (dub.), CIG2758iv2, al. (Aphrodisias), Poll.3.151, Sch.Pi.P.10.22, Sch.Ar.Ach.213.
German (Pape)
[Seite 359] in schwerer Waffenrüstung wettlaufend, Schol. Ar. Ach. 213.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ὁπλῑτοδρόμος: -ον, ὁ ὁπλιτοδρομῶν, ὁ τὸν ὁπλίτην δίαυλον θέων, Πολυδ. Γϳ, 151, Σχόλ. εἰς Πινδ. Π. 10. 22, Σχόλ. εἰς Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 213.
Greek Monolingual
ὁπλιτοδρόμος, -ον (Α)
αυτός που μετέχει σε οπλιτοδρομία.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < ὁπλίτης + -δρόμος (< δρόμος), πρβλ. ολυμπιοδρόμος.
Wikipedia EN
The hoplitodromos or hoplitodromia (Greek: ὁπλιτόδρομος, ὁπλιτοδρομία, English translation: "race of soldiers") was an ancient foot race, part of the Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was the last foot race to be added to the Olympics, first appearing at the 65th Olympics in 520 BC, and was traditionally the last foot race to be held.
Unlike the other races, which were generally run in the nude, the hoplitodromos required competitors to run wearing the helmet and greaves of the hoplite infantryman from which the race took its name. Runners also carried the aspis, the hoplites' bronze-covered wooden shield, bringing the total encumbrance to at least 6 kg (12 pounds). As the hoplitodromos was one of the shorter foot races, the heavy armor and shield was less a test of endurance than one of sheer muscular strength. After 450 BC, the use of greaves was abandoned; however, the weight of the shield and helmet remained substantial.
At Olympia and Athens, the hoplitodromos track, like that of the diaulos, was a single lap of the stadium (or two stades; about 350-400m). Since the track made a hairpin turn at the end of the stadium, there was a turning post called a kampter (καμπτήρ) at each end of the track to assist the sprinters in negotiating the tight turn — a task complicated by the shield carried in the runner's off hand. At Nemea the distance was doubled to four stades (about 700-800m), and at Plataea in Boeotia the race was 15 stades in total.
The hoplitodromos, with its military accoutrements, was as much a military training exercise as an athletic contest. Encounters with squads of expert Persian archers, first occurring shortly before the hoplitodromos was introduced in 520 BC, must have suggested the need for training the Greek armored infantry in fast "rushing" maneuvers during combat. Additionally, the original 400-meter length of the hoplitodromos coincides well with the effective area of the Persian archers' zone of fire, suggesting an explicit military purpose for this type of training.
Wikipedia DE
Der Hoplitodromos (auch Hoplitodromia oder Hoplitenlauf) (griechisch: Ὁπλιτόδρομος, Ὁπλιτοδρομία, deutsch: "Wettlauf der schwerbewaffneten Fußsoldaten (Hopliten)") war ein Sportwettbewerb in der Antike.
Er wurde sowohl bei den Olympischen Spielen der Antike als auch den anderen Panhellenischen Spielen ausgetragen. Bei diesem Lauf mussten Helm, Hoplon (ein Holzschild), Beinschienen und Speer getragen werden. Gelaufen wurde barfuß.
Bei den 65. Olympischen Spielen der Antike 520 v. Chr. wurde der Hoplitodromos das erste Mal als olympische Disziplin ausgetragen, der erste Sieger hierbei hieß Damaretos von Heraia. Der Hoplitenlauf war der letzte Laufwettkampf der Olympischen Spiele.
Wikipedia ES
El hoplitódromo o hoplitodromía (en griego: Ὁπλιτόδρομος, Ὁπλιτοδρομία, traducción: carrera de hoplitas) era una carrera de pie antigua, parte de las Olimpiadas y de otros Juegos Panhelénicos. Según el testimonio de Julio Africano, el hoplitódromo se introdujo por primera vez en los Juegos olímpicos en la antigüedad en el año 668 a. C. en la 28 Olimpiada. Fue organizada por los pisatios debido a que los eleos estaban en guerra con los dimeos, y los eleos vencieron. Un hoplita completamente armado partió entonces desde el campo de batalla para anunciar la noticia, llegando en el mismo día (hemerodromo) e irrumpiendo en el estadio de Olimpia cuando los Juegos se estaban celebrando.1 Para conmemorar la victoria y este acontecimiento -dice el Africano- se introdujo la carrera. Filóstrato, por el contrario, sostiene que la carrera de hoplitas se estableció por primera vez en Olimpia en el año 520 a. C.(65 Olimpiada), siendo Damáreto de Herea el primer olimpiónica de este concurso.
Wikipedia FR
L’hoplitodromos (grec ancien : Ὁπλιτόδρομος) ou hoplitodromia (Ὁπλιτοδρομία), parfois aussi hoplitès (Ὁπλίτης), littéralement « course des hoplites » souvent traduit en « course en armes » ou « course en armure » était une course à pied faisant partie des épreuves au programme des Jeux panhelléniques, dont les Jeux olympiques antiques.
La distance parcourue lors de cette course pédestre variait d'une cité à l'autre. Si à Olympie, elle était longue de deux stades (soit 1 200 pieds, autour de 384 mètres). Elle se courait sur quatre stades aux Jeux néméens et sur quinze stades aux Éleuthéries de Platées. L'équipement militaire variait aussi en fonction des jeux. Si dans les premiers temps, les coureurs portaient tout un équipement, jusqu'aux cnémides, de plus en plus, ils se contentaient d'un bouclier.
Wikipedia IT
L'oplitodromia (in greco antico: ὁπλιτοδρομία, hoplitodromía e ὁπλιτόδρομος, hoplitódromos, "corsa di soldati"), era un'antica disciplina di corsa, parte dei Giochi Olimpici e di altri giochi ellenici, ultima aggiunta tra le gare di corsa, a partire dalla 65ª Olimpiade nel 520 a.C.
A differenza delle altre corse generalmente disputate da atleti nudi, l'oplitodromia imponeva ai corridori di indossare gli schinieri e l'elmetto degli opliti, classe di fanteria da cui la disciplina traeva il nome, oltre all'aspis, il pesante scudo di legno e bronzo. Dal 450 a. C. la pratica di indossare gli schinieri cadde in disuso, ma scudo ed elmo furono mantenuti.
La corsa era piuttosto breve e ciò rendeva il carico dell'armatura più una prova di forza che di resistenza. A Olimpia e Atene, il percorso dell'oplitodromia era un singolo giro di stadio (ossia due "stadi": 350-400 metri). A Nemea la distanza era raddoppiata a quattro stadi (700-800 metri). A Platea, in Beozia, il percorso arrivava a quindici stadi totali.
L'oplitodromia, considerato il grave carico di armatura che pesava almeno venti chili, era più un allenamento militare che una competizione atletica. Si è supposto che gli scontri con squadre di arcieri persiani, risalenti al periodo immediatamente precedente l'introduzione della disciplina, abbiano avuto un ruolo nella creazione dell'oplitodromia: la fanteria pesante greca dovendo fare i conti con la rapidità dei tiratori avversari aveva necessità di condurre manovre veloci sul campo. La lunghezza originale della corsa, circa 400 metri, rappresenta abbastanza bene la gittata degli archi persiani e rende possibile ipotizzare un disegno strategico alla base dell'allenamento di cui l'oplitodromia sarebbe l'espressione agonistica.
Wikipedia PT
Hoplitódromo (do grego hoplítés, "armado" e dromos, "corrida") foi uma modalidade de corrida da Grécia Antiga em que os participantes competiam vestidos com a panóplia, mas sem a couraça. Foi incorporada ao 65° Jogos Olímpicos no ano de 520 a.C. e a outros Jogos Pan-helênicos em 498 a.C. O primeiro vencedor olímpico foi Damareto de Heraea.
Os hoplitas competiam portando um escudo, elmo e cnêmides, sendo que o uso das grevas acabou abolido após 450 a.C. O prêmio do vencedor era de valor simbólico em vez financeiro, e consistia na tradicional coroa de oliveira. Longe de ser meramente esportivo, encontros com arqueiros de elite do exército persa talvez foram um incentivo à criação do hoplitódromo, já que este deixava a infantaria treinada e mais ágil para manobras evasivas. Ademais, a distância de 400 metros inicialmente adotada na competição coincide com a área de disparo das flechas inimigas
Wikipedia RU
Гоплитодро́м (др.-греч. ὁπλιτόδρομος от ὁπλίτης — гоплит и δρόμος — бег) — в Древней Греции вид спортивных состязаний: бег в доспехах и со щитом. Входил в программу Панэллинских, в том числе Олимпийских игр.
Гоплитодром был добавлен в программу Олимпийских игр начиная с 65-ой Олимпиады, состоявшейся в 520 году до н. э., позже остальных трёх видов бега и через 200 лет после предыдущего. К этому времени гоплиты — тяжеловооружённая пехота — уже около двух столетий доминировали на поле боя в войнах древнегреческих полисов. Первым победителем в новом виде соревнований стал некий Дамарет из Гереиruel. На следующей Олимпиаде в 516 году до н. э. он снова пришёл первым. В этом виде состязаний отличился и Леонид Родосский — величайший атлет Античности (четыре победы на четырёх Олимпийских играх 164—152 годов до н. э.). Гоплитодром просуществовал вплоть до прекращения проведения Олимпийских игр при императоре Феодосии в конце IV века.