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πύκα: Difference between revisions

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Ὁπόσον τῷ ποδὶ περρέχει τᾶς γᾶς, τοῦτο χάρις → Every inch of his stature is grace

Theocritus, Idylls, 30.3
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{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[dense]], [[solid]], metaph. [[careful]], [[sensible]] (Hom.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-άσδω</b> (Theoc.), aor. <b class="b3">πυκά-σ(σ)αι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεπύκασμαι</b>, quite rarely with <b class="b3">περι-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover</b> (ep. poet., late prose) with <b class="b3">πύκασμα</b> n. <b class="b2">encased, covered object</b> (Sm.). Adj. <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b2">dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever</b> (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">πυκνό-σαρκος</b> <b class="b2">with solid flesh</b> (Hp., Arist.). From it <b class="b3">πυκν-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">density, closeness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> = <b class="b3">πολλάκις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to make dense, to tighten etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to be numerous</b> (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member <b class="b3">πυκι-</b> in <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> (<b class="b3">-μήδης</b>) = <b class="b3">μήδεα πυκνά</b> (Γ 202, 208) <b class="b3">ἔχων</b>, <b class="b2">with close mind, considerate, sensible</b> (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On [[ἄμπυξ]] s. v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The forms <b class="b3">πύκα</b> : <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> : <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> form a system; with <b class="b3">πύκα</b>: <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> cf. esp. the in meaning close [[θαμά]] : [[θάμνος]] (s. vv.). To this <b class="b3">πυκινός</b> (after <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b>?) like (he analog. built?) <b class="b3">θαμινός</b>, <b class="b3">ἁδινός</b> a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, <b class="b3">θάμνος</b> from <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b3">*θάμυνος</b> syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together <b class="b3">ἄμ-πυξ</b> : Av. <b class="b2">pus-ā</b> [[diadem]] [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with <b class="b3">πρόσ-φυξ</b> : <b class="b3">φυγ-η</b>, points to a primary verb IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> <b class="b2">fasten etc.</b> (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>. As denominative of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b> because of the very limited use of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. [[puth]] <b class="b2">I kiss</b>, [[puthtohem]] <b class="b2">clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace</b> (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A [[puk]] [[all]], [[complete]], [[every]] remains far already because the B-form [[po]]; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[dense]], [[solid]], metaph. [[careful]], [[sensible]] (Hom.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-άσδω</b> (Theoc.), aor. <b class="b3">πυκά-σ(σ)αι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεπύκασμαι</b>, quite rarely with <b class="b3">περι-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover</b> (ep. poet., late prose) with <b class="b3">πύκασμα</b> n. <b class="b2">encased, covered object</b> (Sm.). Adj. <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b2">dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever</b> (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">πυκνό-σαρκος</b> <b class="b2">with solid flesh</b> (Hp., Arist.). From it <b class="b3">πυκν-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">density, closeness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> = <b class="b3">πολλάκις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to make dense, to tighten etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to be numerous</b> (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member <b class="b3">πυκι-</b> in <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> (<b class="b3">-μήδης</b>) = <b class="b3">μήδεα πυκνά</b> (Γ 202, 208) <b class="b3">ἔχων</b>, <b class="b2">with close mind, considerate, sensible</b> (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On [[ἄμπυξ]] s. v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The forms <b class="b3">πύκα</b> : <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> : <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> form a system; with <b class="b3">πύκα</b>: <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> cf. esp. the in meaning close [[θαμά]] : [[θάμνος]] (s. vv.). To this <b class="b3">πυκινός</b> (after <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b>?) like (he analog. built?) <b class="b3">θαμινός</b>, <b class="b3">ἁδινός</b> a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, <b class="b3">θάμνος</b> from <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b3">*θάμυνος</b> syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together <b class="b3">ἄμ-πυξ</b> : Av. <b class="b2">pus-ā</b> [[diadem]] [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with <b class="b3">πρόσ-φυξ</b> : <b class="b3">φυγ-η</b>, points to a primary verb IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> <b class="b2">fasten etc.</b> (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>. As denominative of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b> because of the very limited use of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. [[puth]] <b class="b2">I kiss</b>, [[puthtohem]] <b class="b2">clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace</b> (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A [[puk]] [[all]], [[complete]], [[every]] remains far already because the B-form [[po]]; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=poet. adv., v. [[πυκνός]] B. III.
}}
}}

Revision as of 19:25, 9 January 2019

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: πύκᾰ Medium diacritics: πύκα Low diacritics: πύκα Capitals: ΠΥΚΑ
Transliteration A: pýka Transliteration B: pyka Transliteration C: pyka Beta Code: pu/ka

English (LSJ)

[ῠ], poet. Adv.,

   A v. πυκνός B. 111.

German (Pape)

[Seite 815] poet. adv. von πυκός, = πυκινῶς, fest, dicht; Λυκίων πύκα θωρηκτάων, Il. 12, 317, wie Τρώων 15, 689; πύλας πύκα στιβαρῶς ἀραρυίας, 12, 454; σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῖο, 18, 608; oft von Gebäuden, Zimmern; auch πύκα φρονεῖν, 9, 554. 14, 217; πύκα τρέφειν, sorgfältig auferziehen, 5, 70. Vgl. πυκινός.

French (Bailly abrégé)

adv.
en masse compacte :
1 solidement;
2 serré, dru;
3 fig. avec consistance, prudemment, sagement ; avec soin.
Étymologie: πύξ.

English (Autenrieth)

thickly, strongly, Il. 9.588; met., wisely, carefully; φρονεῖν, τρέφειν, Il. 5.70.

Greek Monolingual

Α
επίρρ.
1. συμπαγώς, στερεά («σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῑο», Ομ. Ιλ.)
2. συνετά, φρόνιμα, μυαλωμένα
3. με προσοχή, επιμελώς («πύκα δ' ἔτρεφε δῑα Θεανώ», Ομ. Ιλ.)
4. φρ. «θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο» — τον θάλαμο χτυπούσαν πάμπολλα και συχνά βέλη (Ομ. Ιλ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Βλ. λ. πυκνός.

Greek Monotonic

πύκᾰ: [ῠ], ποιητ. επίρρ., βλ. πυκνός Β III.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

πύκᾰ: (ῡ) adv.
1) крепко, прочно (ποιητός Hom.);
2) часто, густо (βάλλειν Hom.);
3) разумно, внимательно (φρονεῖν Hom.);
4) тщательно, заботливо (τρέφειν Hom.).

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

πύκα adv. stevig:; σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο de deurpost van de stevig gebouwde hal Od. 16.415; herhaaldelijk:. θάλαμος πύκ ’ ἐβάλλετο zijn kamer werd herhaaldelijk getroffen (door projectielen) Il. 9.588. verstandig:; πύκα φρονεῖν gezond verstand gebruiken Il. 14.217; met zorg:. πύκα δ ’ ἔτρεφε zij voedde hem zorgzaam op Il. 5.70.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: Adv.
Meaning: dense, solid, metaph. careful, sensible (Hom.).
Derivatives: Beside it πυκάζω, Dor. -άσδω (Theoc.), aor. πυκά-σ(σ)αι, pass. -σθῆναι, perf. midd. πεπύκασμαι, quite rarely with περι- a.o., to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover (ep. poet., late prose) with πύκασμα n. encased, covered object (Sm.). Adj. πυκνός, ep. lyr. also πυκινός, dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. πυκνό-σαρκος with solid flesh (Hp., Arist.). From it πυκν-ότης f. density, closeness etc. (IA.), -άκις = πολλάκις (Arist.), -όω to make dense, to tighten etc. (IA.) with -ωμα, -ωσις, -ωτικός; -άζω to be numerous (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member πυκι- in πυκι-μηδής (-μήδης) = μήδεα πυκνά (Γ 202, 208) ἔχων, with close mind, considerate, sensible (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On ἄμπυξ s. v.
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: The forms πύκα : πυκνός : πυκι-μηδής form a system; with πύκα: πυκνός cf. esp. the in meaning close θαμά : θάμνος (s. vv.). To this πυκινός (after πυκι-μηδής?) like (he analog. built?) θαμινός, ἁδινός a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): πυκνός, θάμνος from πυκινός, *θάμυνος syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together ἄμ-πυξ : Av. pus-ā diadem [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with πρόσ-φυξ : φυγ-η, points to a primary verb IE *puḱ- fasten etc. (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by πυκάζω. As denominative of πύκα without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), πυκάζω because of the very limited use of πύκα can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. puth I kiss, puthtohem clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A puk all, complete, every remains far already because the B-form po; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE *puḱ- (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that πυκνός etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.

Middle Liddell

poet. adv., v. πυκνός B. III.